Farzad Heidari moorchekhortei; Mohammad Khosroshahi; Razieh Saboohi; Morteza Khodagholi; Leila Kashi Zenouzi
Volume 30, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 196-213
Abstract
Background and objectivesResearch has been done on different materials to control and reduce wind erosion. Among them, we can mention the performance of agar gum biopolymer in reducing dust production at different concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Its results showed that the addition of biopolymer ...
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Background and objectivesResearch has been done on different materials to control and reduce wind erosion. Among them, we can mention the performance of agar gum biopolymer in reducing dust production at different concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. Its results showed that the addition of biopolymer improves the water-holding capacity, increases the surface and compressive strength of the soil, and decreases dust production. In another study, agar gum biopolymer significantly improved soil mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of polymer nuclei (M19) on controlling sand dunes. This research investigates the effect of nucleos (M19) mulch on reducing wind erosion and controlling sand dunes and dust. MethodologyThis research was carried out in Segazi Plain, a study and implementation priority due to its proximity to urban areas, military facilities, transportation, as well as industries and workshops located there, from the aspect of preventing wind erosion and desertification. After choosing the field, two plots of 500 square meters with the same conditions (an active hill with an area around it with natural and hand-planted vegetation) were selected. To determine the effect of soil cover, the area of each plot was determined by wooden stakes. In addition, the surrounding sand dunes were staked to measure their displacement. A pump sprayer mulched the measuring plot with nucleos (M19) mulch. Following the soil moisture changes, information including seedling survival and growth rate, soil cover's ability to control sand dune displacement, and compressive stress was examined during different months. Finally, the effectiveness of soil cover was compared with the control treatment using the T-test. Results The results of examining the changes in humidity and the effect of soil cover on it showed that the highest humidity in the area was after rain. No clear difference was observed between the drying process of the control plot and the mulched plot. It was also found that this mulch positively affects seedling growth rates. During the research period, the control sand dunes moved about 0.75 to 2.5 meters depending on the season and wind direction. In contrast, the mulched sand dunes remained stable. On the other hand, with time, the mulched field's surface became flaky, and signs of wear and tear were observed.ConclusionThe first point about using this polymer as a soil cover is its two phases during transportation and storage until mulching. In such a way, the two layers can be clearly distinguished. As a result, mixing is necessary for the uniformity of the polymer during the preparation of the final emulsion. This can be considered as one of the negative characteristics of the used polymer. This mulch positively affected soil moisture changes and increased soil moisture retention. On the other hand, the comparison of the growth of the seedlings in the mulched field and control also shows its effect on the growth of the seedlings. This soil cover's only positive and critical feature is its high flexibility after mulching in such a way that it is possible to drive on it with caution. Finally, after a year, cracks were first detected in the research field. Gradually, the number and depth of cracks increased, which caused the mulched field surface to become flaky. Following this complication, instability and signs of wear and tear were observed in the mulched area. However, no movement or change in location was observed in the mulched hill. It should be noted that with time, more destruction occurs on the surface of the mulched area. Following more flaking, the mulched surface may be destroyed, and hill erosion may begin. Considering these cases, mulching in this and similar areas is not recommended.
Razieh Saboohi; Farzad Heidari Mourchekhorti; Morteza Khodagholi; Somayeh Salehpour
Volume 28, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 280-295
Abstract
The use of polymers to control wind erosion has been considered in recent years. However, before recommending them as mulch, their effects on the environment and reduction of wind erosion should be investigated. In this paper, the effect of Imen Asia polymer in stabilizing quicksands and reducing wind ...
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The use of polymers to control wind erosion has been considered in recent years. However, before recommending them as mulch, their effects on the environment and reduction of wind erosion should be investigated. In this paper, the effect of Imen Asia polymer in stabilizing quicksands and reducing wind erosion in both laboratory and field sections in the Lower Jargooiyeh region was investigated. For this purpose, first, an emulsion of polymer in water with a ratio of one to three (one-part polymer in two parts water) was prepared and to investigate its effect on reducing erosion, a volume of emulsion containing 80, 100, and 120 kg of polymer in 25 m2 plots Sprayed with three repetitions. The results showed that the wind erosion threshold speed after mulching increased from 3.5 to more than 11 m / s in all treatments. The study of the environmental effects of the polymer showed that the concentration of mulch did not affect the germination of native plants and the lifestyle of insects and rodents in the area. The effect of polymer on the physical and chemical properties of soil, including changes in the number of toxic elements and heavy metals on the soil before and after mulching, also confirms that it does not have a negative effect on these properties. Economically, the cost of using this polymer per hectare was evaluated. Based on the net present value (NVP) of this material and its internal rate of return (IRR), the economics of using it and investing in the use of this polymer as mulch are justified. Due to the lack of harmful effects on the environment and the ability to reduce wind erosion and economical to oil mulch, the use of this polymer as mulch is recommended
Ali Yazdanpanahi; Khaled Ahmadaali; Mohammad Jafari; Salman Zare
Volume 27, Issue 3 , October 2020, , Pages 421-432
Abstract
Nowadays, the addition of bio-charcoal to soils, as a way for carbon sequestration in the soil, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, improving soil fertility, and reducing wind erosion, has attracted much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate ...
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Nowadays, the addition of bio-charcoal to soils, as a way for carbon sequestration in the soil, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, improving soil fertility, and reducing wind erosion, has attracted much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar application on yield and components of Haloxylon species in a randomized complete block design with soil additive factors including mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (consumption of 50 g of mycorrhiza and non-consumption of mycorrhiza), natural charcoal, and biochar produced from municipal waste compost at four levels (0, 50, 150 and 250 g / kg soil of dry soil), in the greenhouse of the Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran for nine months. The results showed that the addition of biochar had no significant effect on any of the morphological characteristics of Haloxylon persicum except root surface. The results also indicated that the average collar diameter, height, root area, fresh and dry weight of Haloxylon aerial parts in mycorrhiza-free treatments increased 31.9%, 35.7%, 15.5%, 56.9%, and 32.6%, respectively, and in mycorrhiza treatments, these characteristics increased by 4.7, 16.1, 11.1, 33.4, and 6.7%, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. Among the treatments studied, treatment nine (soil + 150 g natural charcoal + 250 g municipal waste compost) had the most positive effect on the morphological characteristics of Haloxylon.
Hajar Ranjbar; Masoud Bazgir; Davod Namdar Khojasteh; Mahmoud Rostaminia
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 675-688
Abstract
Dust storm phenomenon is one of the most damaging natural disasters in arid and semi-arid regions of the world especially in Iran caused problem on human health and environment. The main reason of dust storm event can be climate change, destruction of natural ecosystems, ...
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Dust storm phenomenon is one of the most damaging natural disasters in arid and semi-arid regions of the world especially in Iran caused problem on human health and environment. The main reason of dust storm event can be climate change, destruction of natural ecosystems, deforestation, and destruction of rangelands in Iran and neighbor countries like Iraq. Ilam province due to adjacent to vast deserts such as the Iraq Sahara is exposed to severe dust storm continuously. The aim of this study was to identify the critical points of dust sources in Ilam province. At first step, long-term climate data (8 synoptic weather stations), vegetation cover, and physiography of study area were collected. In the second step, soil sampling was carried out at 0-30 cm soil depths in some places in Ilam province and then these soil samples were transferred to the soil laboratory for chemical and physical analyses. In the third step, by using USEPA model, soil and the maps of climatic parameters were prepared and finally critical and high critical dust source points were mapped through integration of different maps in Ilam province. The results showed that the Bahram Abad area in the central Mehran and Abu-Ghoraib and Abu-Ghovayr areas in Musian part, Dehloran city were selected as high critical sources of dust storm in Ilam province due to the highest corresponding with dust storm identification criteria. This project could be useful for prevention and control of dust storm via identification and dust storm maps.
Mehdi jafari; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hasan Ahmadi; Tayebeh mesbahzadeh; Ali Akbar Norouzi
Volume 26, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 29-39
Abstract
Dust pollution is one of the most important environmental challenges in recent years in the Middle East and Iran. It is important to monitor and control the quality of dust particles in a wider range using the methods that are more cost effective and less costly. The present study aims to use numerical ...
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Dust pollution is one of the most important environmental challenges in recent years in the Middle East and Iran. It is important to monitor and control the quality of dust particles in a wider range using the methods that are more cost effective and less costly. The present study aims to use numerical detection and analysis to determine the resources of dusts and the route over Iran and Isfahan province in May 2013. In this research, HYSPLIT, NAAPS, COAMPS models and MODIS images were used. The detection of dust was determined based on the characteristics of the brightness temperature in the infrared thermal range of the Modis sensor and the temperature thresholds for distinguishing this event from desert lands and clouds. The HYSPLIT model was used to track the movement path of dust particles. Based on the results obtained from image processing and model output, North of Saudi Arabia and Southwest – Northeast direction are respectively the origin and main route of dust entry to Isfahan. The results of HYSPLIT model were compared with the results of the COAMPS and NAAPS models for the optical dust depth and surface dust concentration and the mass flow rate. The detection of the MODIS satellite images also acknowledges the creation of dust and moving it towards the center of Iran and the province of Isfahan.
Zahra Abbasnasab; Mehdi Abedi; Seyed Ehsan Sadati
Volume 26, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 214-225
Abstract
In recent years, dust has had a significant impact on some of the morphological and physiological characteristics of plant species. In this study, the effect of simulated dust on morphological traits of Bromus tomentellus and Medicago sativa like plant height, SLA, aboveground ...
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In recent years, dust has had a significant impact on some of the morphological and physiological characteristics of plant species. In this study, the effect of simulated dust on morphological traits of Bromus tomentellus and Medicago sativa like plant height, SLA, aboveground and belowground biomass, root volume and length and physiological traits such as chlorophyll, gas exchange, and electrolyte leakage were studied. In B. tomentellus, dust caused to increased height; however, in M. sativa, dust had no significant effect on plant height. SLA and aboveground biomass were not influenced by dust in the study species. The below-ground biomass increased in M. sativa but no difference was observed between control and dust treatments in B. tomentellus. In M. sativa, the root volume and root length increased. In B. tomentellus, the root volume increased, but no significant difference was observed in root length. Dust had no significant effect on chlorophylls for both species; however, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were reduced. Transpiration decreased in M. sativa but no significant effect was found for B. tomentellus. In general, dust, especially for legume species, limits physiological activity, and the study species become compatible with stress conditions through increasing the below-ground biomass.
zohre ebrahimi; abasali vali; mohammad khosroshahi; reza ghazavi
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 152-164
Abstract
Wetlands in the central Iran lakes are considered as part of desert ecosystems and their destruction leads to adverse consequences. In central part of Iran, climatic and human factors have created significant differences between dry and wet surfaces of Gavkhooni wetland in recent decades, leading to ...
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Wetlands in the central Iran lakes are considered as part of desert ecosystems and their destruction leads to adverse consequences. In central part of Iran, climatic and human factors have created significant differences between dry and wet surfaces of Gavkhooni wetland in recent decades, leading to produce more dust in central part of Iran. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of dried bed of Gavkhooni wetland on the production of the internal dust in Isfahan province by using remote sensing and storm roses in the period of 22 years (1991- 1992 to 2011-2012). For this propose, the landsat imagery and anemometer data were used. After geometric and radiometric corrections, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was calculated and the dry and wet surfaces were separated. To determine wind erosion threshold velocity, undisturbed soil samples were transferred to the wind erosion meter. Then, the number of dusty days in the synoptic station of Isfahan was calculated based on the wind speed greater than wind threshold speed. Relationship between the number of dusty days and dried bed of wetland was evaluated with correlation analysis. Finally, to determine the dusty wind direction from the side of Gavkhuni wetland to Isfahan station, annual and seasonal wind roses and storm roses were plotted and evaluated. The results of this study based on the artificial neural network model showed that the most important factors influencing the bed of the Gavkhuni wetland were input flow rate, evaporation, drop in groundwater level, temperature, and rainfall, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant inverse relationship between the number of dusty days and dried bed of wetland in the seasons of autumn, spring, summer and annual scale in Isfahan station. Also, results of storm roses showed that dusty winds did not blow from wetland toward this station.