Reza Siahmansour; Mohammad Fayaz; Saeedeh Nateghi; Rostam Khalifehzadeh; Ali Mohammadian
Volume 26, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 887-903
Abstract
Knowledge of preference value of plant species is one of the essential requirements for determining forage available and consequently, calculation of grazing capacity for rangeland habitats. This project was investigated in 36 species including of 21 perennials and 15 annuals species. For this purpose, ...
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Knowledge of preference value of plant species is one of the essential requirements for determining forage available and consequently, calculation of grazing capacity for rangeland habitats. This project was investigated in 36 species including of 21 perennials and 15 annuals species. For this purpose, during four-years period (2007-2010) in each month of the growing season (spring and summer) film was taken from a non-pregnant and non -lactating unit adult ewes (Lori)for at least 1800 seconds with an average weight of 50 kg inside the flock which were grazing in rangeland. Results indicated that annual grasses such as Boissiera squarrosa, Bromus danthonia, Bromus tectorum, Heteranthelium piliferum had the highest grazing time with a total duration of 3083 seconds compared to other species. Subsequent species including of Agropyron trichophorum with 2594 seconds, Bromus tomentellus with 1232 seconds, Onobrychis melanotricha with 681 seconds, broadleaf herbaceous annual such as Helianthemum ledifolhum, Viciea peregerina, Diplotaxis erucoides, talaspi perfoliatum, Minuartia obtusiloba with 670 second and Hordeum bulbosum with 565 second were ranked in the next. Finally, it was found that annual grasses and shrubs in May, perennial grasses in June, and broadleaf herbaceous annual in July have quite palatable and located in Class I. Also, total grasses and perennial forbs in July, annual forbs and shrubs in May and June have fairly palatable respectively which have located in class (II) and vegetative forms have palatable class III in other months.
Mohsen Kazemi; Reza valizadeh
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 599-612
Abstract
Awareness of the nutritional value of different rangeland plants can help animal husbandries to prepare a suitable diet; hence some experiments were conducted to determine the chemical compositions, minerals, gas production and other fermentation parameters of four range plants that ...
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Awareness of the nutritional value of different rangeland plants can help animal husbandries to prepare a suitable diet; hence some experiments were conducted to determine the chemical compositions, minerals, gas production and other fermentation parameters of four range plants that can be grown in Torbat-e Jam (including Arctium lappa, Verbascum thapsus, Althaea officinalis and Ferula hermonis), Iran. The above plants were randomly collected before flowering. The range of crude protein (15.85- 22.87%), ash (8.27-16.10%), crude fat (0.85-5.75%), neutral detergent fiber (19.27-37.53%), acid detergent fiber (15.53-26.53%), acid detergent lignin (3.83-5.43%), and crude fiber (12.49-21.74%) was different among four plant species. The highest amount of calcium (12.26 g/kg DM) was related to Althaea officinalis. The parameters of gas production and other fermentation parameters were also different among the plants, so that the maximum amount of gas production after 12, 24, and 48 h incubation (47.32, 61.64, 71.21 ml, respectively), potential gas production (75.70 ml), dry matter and organic matter digestibility (82.99 and 84.60 %, respectively), metabolizable energy (10.66 MJ/kg DM), net energy for lactation (6.51 MJ/kg DM), and total volatile fatty acids (36.62 mmol/L) were found in Verbascum olympicum. There was a negative correlation coefficient between the gas produced after 24 h incubation with ether extract, crude protein, and ammonia nitrogen. Comparison of the gas production, fermentation and degradability parameters among studied plants indicated that Verbascum thapsus had higher potential nutritive value.
mohammad Amin Soltanipour; Saeedeh Nateghi; Ali Ehsani
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 271-281
Abstract
To determine the phenological stages and plant height of three important range species Aeluropus lagopoides, Desmostachya bipinnata and Halocnemum strobilaceum, this investigation was carried out for four years starting in 2007 in Zaminsang Rangelands of Hormozgan province. In this study, the information ...
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To determine the phenological stages and plant height of three important range species Aeluropus lagopoides, Desmostachya bipinnata and Halocnemum strobilaceum, this investigation was carried out for four years starting in 2007 in Zaminsang Rangelands of Hormozgan province. In this study, the information about the phenology and plant height for 10 individuals of each species in 10-day intervals was measured and recorded. The results showed that phenological stages of three species were different in the study years, so that plant growth started 2-3 weeks earlier in wet years and later in dry years, while the duration of vegetative and reproductive activity of plants was different. The results showed that vegetative growth started with cooling of air and the onset of rainfall. The growth period of A. lagopoides, D. bipinnata and H. strobilaceum was 6, 6.5, and 10 months, respectively. The vegetative growth of A. lagopoides started from 22 December, whereas the vegetative growth of D. bipinnata and H. strobilaceum started from 20 February. The flowering stage started from April, June, and September, and the seeding stage from 22 April, 22 July, and 15 October, respectively. The dormancy period of plants started in 22 May, 1 September, and 22 December, respectively. Since Aeluropus lagopoides is a palatable and dominant species in the Zaminsang region, the time of arrival and departure of livestock is recommended to be late November to late May.
Behrouz Kord; Fazlollah Safikhani; Amin Khademi; Sara Pourabbasi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 78-88
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental problem in the world. In polluted environments, especial plant species can grow, adapt, absorb, and uptake heavy metals. This study was carried out to investigate the phytoremediation potential of plant species including Acantholimon ...
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Soil contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental problem in the world. In polluted environments, especial plant species can grow, adapt, absorb, and uptake heavy metals. This study was carried out to investigate the phytoremediation potential of plant species including Acantholimon olivieri (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Astragalus glaucacanthus Fisch., Ebenus stellata Boiss., Scariola orientalis (Boiss) Sojak subsp Orientalis. and Stipa barbata Desf in Ahangaran lead and zinc mine, Malayer Province. For this purpose, in polluted and controlled sites, the sampling of aerial and underground tissue was performed in a completely randomized block design with three replicates in summer 2015. The results indicated that in polluted sites, lead and zinc concentrations in aerial and underground tissues were higher as compared with control site. Among the study species, Astragalus glaucacanthus Fisch., had the highest value of lead and zinc absorption in aerial tissue (118.6 and 190.69 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) and Scariola orientalis (Boiss) Sojak subsp Orientalis., had the highest value of lead and zinc absorption in underground tissue (41.07 and 67.76 mg/kg dry matter, respectively). Also, Astragalus glaucacanthus Fisch., Acantholimon olivieri (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., and Ebenus stellata Boiss., had the highest translocation factor of lead (3.39, 3.19, 3.16) and zinc (3.24, 3.06, 2.92), respectively. Our results clearly showed that these three mentioned species could be used to refine the soils polluted to lead and zinc in similar conditions.
Seyyed Ali Hosseini; Ali Ehsani
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2017, , Pages 635-645
Alireza Hedayati Firoozabadi; Seyed Abolreza Kazemeini; Hadi Pirasteh Anooshe
Volume 24, Issue 3 , October 2017, , Pages 685-698
Seyed Ali Hosseini; Morteza Akbarzadeh
Volume 22, Issue 2 , August 2015, , Pages 205-215
Abstract
In order to study thechanges of seasonal production and consumption of range species during the growing period and grazing season, SarAliAbad rangelands were selected, representing a semi-steppe area. Production was measured inside an exclosure and consumption was estimated outside the exclosure under ...
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In order to study thechanges of seasonal production and consumption of range species during the growing period and grazing season, SarAliAbad rangelands were selected, representing a semi-steppe area. Production was measured inside an exclosure and consumption was estimated outside the exclosure under livestock grazing during 2007-2011. Collected data were analyzed by SAS software and mean comparisons were done by Duncan's multiple range test. Results indicated that there were significant differences between production and consumption at P Festuca ovina with an average production of 161 kg/ha and an average consumption of 172 kg/ha, and Agropyron intermedium with an average production of 57 kg/ha and an average consumption of 64 kg/ha, respectively.
Farzad Parsa Doost; Babak Bahreyni Nejad
Volume 21, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Pages 317-328
Abstract
Nowadays, heavy metal contaminated soils is one of the most important concerns of the world and cleaning these soils with minimum environmental damage is necessary especially in urban and agricultural regions through advanced biological methods. Phytoremdiation is one of the modern technologies that ...
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Nowadays, heavy metal contaminated soils is one of the most important concerns of the world and cleaning these soils with minimum environmental damage is necessary especially in urban and agricultural regions through advanced biological methods. Phytoremdiation is one of the modern technologies that could be used in large scale with minimum damage to environment. High concentration of cadmium, as an environmental pollutant, could be harmful for human and animals. Regarding to this reason, a study was carried out on 11 plant species in Irankouh region at three sites including three levels of high, medium and low cadmium contamination. The bioaccumulation of cadmium in shoots and roots of plants, and translocation factor were measured. According to the results, Astragalus glaucanthus, Ebenus estellata and Acantholimon sp. showed the highest values of cadmium concentration (1.40, 1.53 and 1.97 mg/kg dry matter), and also the highest translocation factor (2.09, 1.37 and 12.6), respectively. Because of the high values of biomass and bioaccumulation, these three plants are recommended for phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils under the same conditions.
Jamal Hasani; Mohammad Fayaz
Volume 21, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Pages 357-367
Abstract
This study was performed in the Qorveh rangeland of Kurdistan for five years (2006-2010) to determine the preference value of range species and grazing behavior. The preference value of range species was measured with two methods (time study and preference index). According to the obtained results, significant ...
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This study was performed in the Qorveh rangeland of Kurdistan for five years (2006-2010) to determine the preference value of range species and grazing behavior. The preference value of range species was measured with two methods (time study and preference index). According to the obtained results, significant differences were found for the years and plant species in terms of grazing time percentage, at 1% level of probability. Mean comparison of grazing time percentage showed that Bromus tomentellus with an average of 12.31% together with annuals was classified in one class, and Galium verum, Thymus daenensis, Pterocephalus canus, Poa bulbosa and other species were classified in another class. The lowest grazing time percentage (0.33%) was recorded for Prangos ferulacea. Our results clearly showed that Stipa bromoiedes and Festuca ovina were much less grazed by livestock.
Sepedeh Anvarkhah; Mohammad Khaje hoseini; Mohammad Jangju
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 71-89
Abstract
Seed dispersal distances of mother plant is a basic aspect in plant life history, and have great effects on plant ecology, evolution and conservation. Seed dispersal modes of species can often be recognized by morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds. A laboratory experiment was conducted ...
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Seed dispersal distances of mother plant is a basic aspect in plant life history, and have great effects on plant ecology, evolution and conservation. Seed dispersal modes of species can often be recognized by morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds. A laboratory experiment was conducted on seeds of 24 Northern Khorasan rangeland species during 2008. The size of seeds was measured by digital caliper with a precision of .0.01 mm (operating instruction in resolution 0.01 mm), and the seeds' shape were observed by binocular and drown by hand in scale of 30-80 times. Seeds were categorized in five categories based on their shapes and morphological traits namely, Nutrient Containing Structure (i.e. Artemisia seiber), Balloon Structure (i.e. Agropyron trichophorum),Elongated Appendages (ie. Salsola arbusculaformis), No Appendages (i.e. Stachys inflate and Iris songarica) and other Specializations (i.e. Kochia prostrate). According to the results, balloon structure category was identified as the most common seed dispersal mode in the zone of Northern Khorasan (with 9 species) which let the wind disperses the seeds easily. The elongated appendages category was placed in the next group and other categories owned third place. It can be concluded that balloon structure has provided the most suitable dispersal system for the seeds studied in Northern Khorasan rangeland
Mohammad Jankju-Borzelabad; Mahdeyeh Tavakkoli
Volume 15, Issue 2 , January 2008, , Pages 215-226
Abstract
Due to the increasing attentions on multiple uses from rangelands, methods of improving seed germination rates were investigated on 10 arid rangeland species, which have ornamental and/or pharmacological values. 9 dormancy breaking treatments were applied, in a completely randomized design. Seeds ...
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Due to the increasing attentions on multiple uses from rangelands, methods of improving seed germination rates were investigated on 10 arid rangeland species, which have ornamental and/or pharmacological values. 9 dormancy breaking treatments were applied, in a completely randomized design. Seeds were then located in an incubator and daily germination rates were recorded. Between treatments, gibberlic acid caused the greatest influence, on germination of 5 out of 10 species. Low temperature, potassium nitrate, high temperature, sulphuric acid, and water imbibitions also increased germination rates of 3, 3, 3, 2, and 1 species respectively. Lowest effect was found for polyethylene glycol and wet sand treatments. The applied treatments led to high increases in germination rates of Stachys inflata, Pteropyrum aucheri, Capparis spinosa and Fortynia bungei. However, the results for Atraphaxis spinosa, Calligonum polygonoides, Calligonum bungei, Isatis cappadocica, Glaicium oxylobum, and Iris songarica may not be applicable for field workers, because of low (0-5 %) germination rate of these species, while they are valuable for researchers. Further interesting results of this experiment was a logical relationship between treatment that caused the highest increase in germination rate, and phenology stages, habitat conditions of some species.
Gholam reza Shadnoush
Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 285-295
Abstract
In order to comprehend magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, chloride, copper, iron, manganese and zinc content of dominant range plants (Agropyron intermedium, Bromus tomentellus, Hordeum bulbosum, Cousinia bakhtiarica andScariolla orientalis) speciesin Chaharmahal ...
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In order to comprehend magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, chloride, copper, iron, manganese and zinc content of dominant range plants (Agropyron intermedium, Bromus tomentellus, Hordeum bulbosum, Cousinia bakhtiarica andScariolla orientalis) speciesin Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province was investigated. Samples were taken from five ungrazed areas during three stages of plant growth including growing, blooming, and seedling between 1997-2000 years. Concentrations of all above ions were determined by standard methods. The result showed that maximum concentration of magnesium and calcium in Scariolla orientalis, which amounts of means were 2.8 and 11.6 gr/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of sodium and potassium were found in Bromus tomentellus and Hordeum bulbosum respectively, with amount of 0.4 and 22.4 gr/kg. Maximum of phosphorus and chloride were observed in Hordeum bulbosum with amounts of3.1 and 5.4 gr/kg, respectively. Highest of copper and iron were 9.5 and 368 mg/kg, which belonged to Cousinia bakhtiarica and Scariolla orientalis respectively. Speciesof Agropyron intermedium contained39.3 mg/kg manganese and concentration of zinc in Scariolla orientalis was 18.6 mg/kg, which the amounts were the highest between species. This study showed which phosphorous, sodium, copper and zinc were insufficient for sheep grazing requirement in all species, but magnesium was insufficient only in Agropyron intermediumand Bromus tomentellus, also calcium concentration was lower than sheep requirement in Hordeum bulbosum. Therefore, mineral supplementation required to provide these mineral for grazing sheep and goats in spring and summer in range plants. Hence, potassium, chloride, iron and manganese provide the requirement of grazing sheep and goats, but chloride was over loaded and it was in the level of toxicity and unsafe for sheep and goats. Also different phenological stage showed that assessment factors were significantly different at growing, blooming and seedling stage of species. These factors must be considered when sheep and goats are grazing on natural pasture.
Seyed Ali Hoseini
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2001, , Pages 485-504