همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده مراتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت منابع خاک، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

در مطالعات بهره‌وری آب مقادیر رواناب، تبخیر و تعرق گیاهان و تولید مرتع مهم‌تربن متغیرها هستند. مراتع استان گلستان به علت موقعیت جغرافیایی، اقلیمی و تخریب بالای این منابع همچنین تغییر شدید کاربری اراضی و کاهش پوشش گیاهی شرایط لازم برای تشکیل رواناب را دارد. به منظور تعیین چگونگی مدیریت بهینه مراتع در این تحقیق سناریوهای اصلاح مرتع با استفاده از مدل SWAT در حوزه آبخیز گرگانرود مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل توسط برنامه SWAT-CUP و الگوریتم SUFI-2 در مدل اکوهیدرولوژیکی SWAT انجام گرفت. بدین منظور ابتدا مدل  SWAT برای دوره 31 ساله دبی(ماهانه) سپس برای مدت 5 سال تولید مرتع(سالانه)، واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی شد و سپس سناریوهای مختلف مرتعی اعمال و مدل مجددا اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد مدل جهت پیش‌بینی دبی کاملا رضابت بخش بوده است. مقادیر ضرایب نش-ساتکلیف به ترتیب در ایستگاه‌های بصیرآباد، تیل آباد و حاجی قوشان در دوره واسنجی 72/0، 71/0 و 64/0 و در دوره اعتبارسنجی 59/0، 48/0 و 53/0 بدست آمد. همچنین چهار سناریوی اصلاحی مرتع (بیومکانیکی، بیولوژی، مکانیکی و مدیریت چرای دام) در این تحقیق تعریف شد. بر این اساس با کاربرد سناریوهای مکانیکی، بیولوژیکی، بیومکانیکی و مدیریت چرا، مقدار تبخیر و تعرق گیاهان به ترتیب 3/2%، 8/12%، 5/15% و 8/2% در هر سناریو نسبت به میزان تبخیر و تعرق شاهد افزایش پیدا کرده است. نتایج نشان داد که سناریوی بیومکانیکی مناسب‌ترین سناریو در افزایش میزان تبخیر و تعرق گیاهان در مراتع ضعیف و متوسط می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Simulation of the effects different rangeland improvements scenarios on evapotranspiration of Gorganrud Watershed-Golestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojgansadat Azimi 1
  • samaneh Mahzari 2

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 PhD student of Soil Resource management, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

    In water efficiency studies, the values of runoff, evapotranspiration and range production are the main variables. Rangelands of Golestan province, Iran, have a high potential of run-off due to the geographical location, climate, and destruction of these resources as well as drastic land use change from forests and rangelands to agricultural lands. Therefore, in the present study, in order to determine the best management of rangelands, we developed a rangeland improvement model using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Gorganrud Watershed, Golestan Iran. Calibration and validation of model was performed using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Program (SUFI-2) in the eco-hydrological model SWAT. For this purpose, the SWAT was calibrated and validated for a 31-year period of discharge and 5-year period of range production and then the model was executed for different scenarios of rangeland management. The results showed that the model performance was satisfactory for predicting discharge. The values of Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient were calculated to be 0.72, 0.71 and 0.64 in calibration period and 0.59, 0.48 and 0.53 in validation period for Basirabad, Tilabad and Haji Ghoshan stations, respectively. As well, four range improvement scenarios (mechanical, biological, biomechanical and livestock grazing management) were defined in this study. On average, by applying mechanical, biological, biomechanical, and grazing management scenarios evapotranspiration was increased to 2.3%, 12.8%, 15.5% and 2.8%, respectively, in comparison with actual evapotranspiration. According to the obtained results, the biomechanical scenario was identified as the best one in increasing evapotranspiration in poor and moderate rangelands.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rangeland management
  • SWAT model
  • SUFI-2
  • GorganRud watershed
  • Golestan Province
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