همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور تعیین رابطه بین زیست توده اندام هوایی و اندام زیرزمینی و ارزیابی تأثیر شدت‌های چرای دام بر کمیت زیست توده دو گونه Festuca  ovinaوAgropyron  libanoticumدر مراتع ییلاقی دامنه جنوبی سبلان در استان اردبیل انجام شد. دو گونه مورد مطالعه  که از گونه‌های شاخص و خوشخوراک منطقه می‌باشند، در هر سه منطقه چرای سبک، متوسط و سنگین انتخاب شد. پس از تعیین سه منطقه نمونه‌برداری به عنوان تیمارهای مختلف چرای دام، نمونه‌برداری از پوشش گیاهی در هر سه منطقه به روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک در قالب 25 پلات در طول ترانسکت 600 متری (در هر منطقه) انجام شد. به منظور تعیین رابطه احتمالی بین وزن زیست توده اندام هوایی و اندام زیرزمینی در هر یک از تیمار‌ها از رگرسیون خطی ساده استفاده شد. مقایسه داده‌ها در سه تیمار از طریق تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون توکی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که رابطه رگرسیونی معنی‌داری بین زیست توده اندام هوایی و اندام زیرزمینی این دوگونه در تیمارهای مختلف برقرار است. افزایش شدت چرای دام منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار زیست توده اندام هوایی و اندام زیرزمینی و زیست توده کل دو گونه مورد ارزیابی شد. افزایش شدت چرا منجر به کاهش محسوس زیست توده اندام هوایی در هر دو تیمار چرای متوسط و چرای سنگین به‌ترتیب 31/26 و 24/42 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار چرای سبک برای گونه Festuca  ovina و 04/22 و 76/48 درصد برای گونه Agropyron  libanoticum  شده است. همچنین افزایش شدت چرا منجر به کاهش محسوس زیست توده اندام زیرزمینی در تیمارچرای متوسط و چرای سنگین نسبت به چرای سبک به‌ترتیب معادل 14/25 و 75/42 درصد برای گونه Festuca  ovina  و معادل 39/9 و 30/35 درصد برای گونه Agropyron  libanoticum شد. به‌طور کلی شدت چرا باعث کاهش زیست توده اندام هوایی و زیرزمینی گونه‌های مورد ارزیابی شد. بنابراین توجه مدیران اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی را در جهت حفاظت خاک و جلوگیری از قهقرای این گونه مهم مرتعی ضروری می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of different grazing intensities on aerial and underground biomass of Agropyron libanoticum and Festuca ovina in southern rangelands of Sabalan

نویسندگان [English]

  • zhila ghorbani 1
  • Kiomars Sefidi 2
  • farshad Keivan Behjou 3
  • Mehdi Moameri 2

1 Former M.Sc. in Range Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

     This study was conducted to assess the effects of different grazing intensities on the biomass amount of Agropyron libanoticum and Festuca ovina in summer rangelands of southern Sabalan, Ardabil province. After determining three sampling areas as different livestock grazing treatments (light, moderate, and heavy grazing), plant sampling was performed by a random-systematic method in 25 plots along 600-m transects. A linear regression was used to determine the relationship between aerial and underground biomass. To assess the effects of different grazing intensities on biomass of these species a one-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between aerial and underground biomass of two species in different treatments. Moreover, increasing the livestock grazing intensity resulted in a significant decrease in the aerial and underground biomass and total biomass of both species. In addition, increasing grazing intensity leads to decreasing aerial biomass in moderate and heavy grazing treatments compared to the light grazing intensity (26.31% and 42.24, , for Festuca ovina, respectively, and 22.04% and 48.76% for Agropyron libanoticum, respectively. Increasing grazing intensity leads to decreasing underground biomass in moderate and heavy grazing treatments compared to the light grazing intensity (25.14% and 42.75 for Festuca ovina, respectively, and 9.39% and 35.30% for Agropyron libanoticum, respectively. Generally, grazing intensity reduced the aerial and underground biomass of Agropyron libanoticum and Festuca ovina.Therefore, grazing control in rangeland management is necessary to prevent the destruction of these species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aerial biomass
  • underground biomass
  • grazing intensity
  • Sabalan rangelands
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