Zahra Soleymani; Hannaneh Mohmmadi Kangarani; Marzieh Rezai; Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh
Volume 28, Issue 4 , November 2021, , Pages 787-803
Abstract
Participatory management in the protection of desert ecosystems is important due to the high sensitivity and fragility of these ecosystems. However, insufficient attention to the position of stakeholders in the social relations network has led to its failure. Therefore, identifying ...
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Participatory management in the protection of desert ecosystems is important due to the high sensitivity and fragility of these ecosystems. However, insufficient attention to the position of stakeholders in the social relations network has led to its failure. Therefore, identifying key actors is significant in the participatory management of the desert ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the coherence of the cooperation network and determine the key actors of government stakeholders at both levels of government and public institutions considering the participatory management approach. Information and data were collected through surveying, interviews, and participating meetings with representatives of the organizations and local communities. After identifying 45 beneficiary government institutions, a social network analysis questionnaire was developed and completed by 41 members of the local community and 34 members of the governmental institutions. Then, the prepared data were entered into the Microsoft Excel software and were analyzed using the UCINET6.718 software. Two one-dimensional matrices of organization-organization and people-organization were used to delineate the networks; then, different macro and micro indicators of the network such as density, shear points, degree centrality, and betweenness centrality were calculated to interpret the networks. The results showed that density index in both organization-organization (0.672) and people-organization (0.77) cooperation networks were evaluated more than average. So, it is acceptable. Also, the Department of Environmental Protection of Qeshm city has the highest index of betweenness centrality among 45 identified devices in both cooperation networks. Therefore, more cooperation of the organizations involved in participatory management of natural resources is suggested to protect and develop the mangrove forests to reduce each type of environmental pollution.
Mohammad Abolghasemi; Hannaneh Mohammadi Kangarani; Hosein Azarnivand; Mohammadali Emami Meybodi
Volume 28, Issue 1 , April 2021, , Pages 118-128
Abstract
Rangelands are composed of different plant species with different vegetative characteristics that have a certain grazing value. Hence, the grazing livestock also shows a special grazing behavior according to it. Without knowing these behaviors, planning and managing rangelands and livestock ...
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Rangelands are composed of different plant species with different vegetative characteristics that have a certain grazing value. Hence, the grazing livestock also shows a special grazing behavior according to it. Without knowing these behaviors, planning and managing rangelands and livestock is not possible. This research was carried out on camel herds in the rangelands of the Tabas desert from 2015 to 2017. Parameters such as grazing time, rest time, livestock movement time, distance traveled, and livestock movement speed were examined by GPS. The results showed that in spring, summer, fall, and winter, grazing time, livestock movement time, distance traveled, livestock movement speed at (p < /em><0.01), and rest time at (p < /em><0.05) were significantly different. The highest grazing time (342 minutes), rest time (119 minutes), and distance traveled (21.66 km) by camels in the studied rangelands were in summer and the lowest in winter. The highest speed (2.12 km/h) and travel time (359 minutes) were in spring and the lowest in winter. Therefore, knowing the mentioned parameters will help the rangeland management in determining the appropriate time for the camel to move in the rangeland and will increase the livestock performance.
Mohammad Abolghasemi; Hananeh Mohammadi Kangarani; Hosein Azarnivand; Mohammad Ali Emami Meybodi
Volume 27, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 357-370
Abstract
This study was conducted in the central plateau of Iran to examine the income, cost, and profitability of conventional systems, in which camel is common during the years 2015 to 2017. For this purpose, by selecting 28 conventional systems with an average of 126 camels, the amount of income and cost per ...
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This study was conducted in the central plateau of Iran to examine the income, cost, and profitability of conventional systems, in which camel is common during the years 2015 to 2017. For this purpose, by selecting 28 conventional systems with an average of 126 camels, the amount of income and cost per camel during the regular period of each year (spring) was completed and calculated by the operators with a questionnaire. The type of research is practical, and the statistical population included 28 camel herders. Random sampling was performed. Variables included income factors and camel costs. Using the analysis of engineering economics, the current value of income (PV income) and the present value of costs (PV cost) were calculated for the studied years, and then the net present value (NPV) and the benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) was calculated with Excel software. The results showed that in all conventional systems, the net present value was positive, and the benefit-to-cost ratio was greater than one (BCR≥1). The highest gross income in each of the conventional systems was related to the sale of live camels (male camels, 6-month-old camels, elimination camels) and the highest cost was related to camel driver’s wages and the purchase of manual forage. However, by calculating gross income from expenses, the amount of profitability was determined, so it is suggested that due to the appropriate profitability of this profession, the relevant agencies have a plan to expand the cultivation of this industry along with the tourism industry and considering that forage of these habitats will not be able to supply the nutritional needs of camels in traditional areas, and the continuation of this situation will endanger the vegetation; therefore, it should be done with caution.