Ardavan Ghorbani; Lida Andalibi; Farid Enferadi; Farzad Aghche Gheshlagh; Jamal Seyf Davati; Jaber Sharifi Niaragh
Volume 27, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 722-731
Abstract
Forage quality information could help managers of rangelands to select appropriate grazing method to achieve higher animal performance without damage to ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of Thymus kotschyanus, Artemisia melanolepis and A. austriaca in different ...
Read More
Forage quality information could help managers of rangelands to select appropriate grazing method to achieve higher animal performance without damage to ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of Thymus kotschyanus, Artemisia melanolepis and A. austriaca in different altitudes and phenological stages in 2016. According to the presense of the selected species, three rangeland sites in the southeast of Sabalan near Alvares ski resort including 2200-2400, 2600-2800, and 3000-3200 meters above sea level were selected. At each site 50 samples from each species were taken at three phenological stages. The nutritional value of the species was determined by measuring the percentage of dry matter, ash, organic matter, protein, fat, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium) and micro elements (iron, zinc, copper and manganese) and the results were analyzed in a completely randomized design using ANOVA. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the means. Considernig the difference in altitude in the habitat of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis, the effect of altitude factor on the studied traits in these two species was solely evaluated by independent t-test and the results showed that, altitude changes had no effect on the nutritional value and macro and micro elements of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis. The difference between phenological stages in species was significant. The highest and lowest percentage of organic matter were in seedling and growth stages for A. austriaca (94.43%) and A. melanolepis (91.49%), respectively. As phenological stages pass, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of fat, protein and ash in all three species (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein was observed in A. melanolepis at vegetative stage (17%) and the lowest in A. austriaca at seedling stage (7.5%). With the development of growth stages organic and dry matter, NDF and ADF were increased in the species. Phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and sodium in the species were decreased significantly as phenological stages progress (p < 0.05). The highest phosphorus was recorded at vegetative stage in A. austriaca (0.34%) and the lowest (0.12%) in T. kotschyanus at the seedling stage. Overall, A. austriaca, A. melanolepis and T. kotschyanus have high nutritional value and suitable minerals, which can be used as substitute forage when other forage species are reduced in a given rangeland.
Parya Kamali; Reza Erfanzadeh; Seyed Hamzeh Kahnoooj
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 14-22
Abstract
Determining the forage quality of plant species is among the factors necessary for proper range management. Therefore, the crude protein of 14 species was measured in two phenological stages in Kahnuj (Kerman province) using Kjeldahl methodology. The crude protein content of the study species was compared ...
Read More
Determining the forage quality of plant species is among the factors necessary for proper range management. Therefore, the crude protein of 14 species was measured in two phenological stages in Kahnuj (Kerman province) using Kjeldahl methodology. The crude protein content of the study species was compared using ANOVA, and a paired t test was used to compare the crude protein content of each species between the two phenological stages. In addition, one-sample t-test was used to compare the average crude protein with critical level. According to the obtained results, the protein content of the study species showed significant differences at each phenological stage, so that in the vegetative stage, the highest and lowest crude protein was recorded for Astragalus triboloides (19.61%) and Ziziphus spina-christ (4.18%), respectively. In seed ripening stage, the highest and lowest crude protein content was recorded for Rhazia stricta (14.85%) and Stipa capensis (5.23%), respectively. The crude protein showed a downward trend for all species except two. The average content of crude protein measured at vegetative stage was higher as compared with the critical level. However, this difference was not significant for the second stage. Overall, preservation and development of species having high percentage of crude protein with low changes in protein during the growing season like Taverniera cuneifolia is recommended.
Kazem Saedi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 131-142
Abstract
In this study, samples were collected in several phenological stages (in two growing seasons of 2010 and 2011) to assess the effects of two grazing systems (continuous and short-term) on forage quality of three key range species of Bromus tomentellus, Cephalaria kotschyi and Ferula haussknechtii ...
Read More
In this study, samples were collected in several phenological stages (in two growing seasons of 2010 and 2011) to assess the effects of two grazing systems (continuous and short-term) on forage quality of three key range species of Bromus tomentellus, Cephalaria kotschyi and Ferula haussknechtii in Zardawan ranch, and two species of Bromus tomentellus and Ferula haussknechtii in Baharestan ranch. The grazing systems are short-term and continuous in Zardawan and Baharestan, respectively. The studied traits were dry matter digestibility (DMD), acid detergent fibers (ADF), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), ash and crude protein (CP). Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure these traits. A combined analysis based on unbalanced completely randomized design was conducted for statistical analysis. Mean comparisons were made by Duncan's multiple range test. Results indicated that for all species, phenological stages affected all studied traits, without any exception, so that the late vegetative growth stage could be recommended as a proper time for livestock entry to the rangeland. In the face of variation sources studied, different species showed different responses. The comparison of species habitats showed that none of forage quality traits of B. tomentellus and F. haussknechtii differed in the two sites studied. The mean of most forage quality traits were similar in the two years. According to the results, short-duration grazing system of the Shagaldari did not affect the measured traits negatively, but continuous heavy grazing caused to decreased forage quality.
Hosein Arzani; Javad Moetamedi; Hasan Yeghaneh; Hamzeh Ali Shirmardi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , August 2014, , Pages 221-233
Abstract
Being informed about the sufficiency of forage required for the daily need of the animal unit grazing on the rangeland is of paramount importance in animal and rangeland management. Therefore, in the current study, 32 important plant species grazed by animals on semi-steppe rangelands of Karsank in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari ...
Read More
Being informed about the sufficiency of forage required for the daily need of the animal unit grazing on the rangeland is of paramount importance in animal and rangeland management. Therefore, in the current study, 32 important plant species grazed by animals on semi-steppe rangelands of Karsank in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari were sampled during three growth stages (vegetative growth, flowering and seeding). During each stage, three samples were taken and three plant bases were cut for each sample. Having measured the percentage of nitrogen (N) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the studied species, the amount of their crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) were determined to know their critical level for meeting animals’ daily requirements. In order to analyze the data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used and to observe the within-groups differences Duncan's test was employed. Results showed that the maximum crude protein (23.87%), dry matter digestibility (74.35%) and metabolisable energy (6.73 Mj/Kg/DM) belonged to Bellevalia glauca. The minimum crude protein (9.81%) belonged to Thymus daenensis and the minimum dry matter digestibility (51.38%) and metabolisable energy (6.73 Mj/Kg/DM) were recorded for Asperula molluginoides. The average crude protein for vegetative, flowering and seeding stages were 20.92, 13.03 and 8.89%, respectively, that at all three growth stages, it was higher than its critical level (7.0%) to meet the daily maintenance requirement of an animal unit. Average dry matter digestibility values for the three phenological stages were 62.48, 55.02 and 46.18%, respectively, that its amount was higher than the critical level (50%) for vegetative and flowering stages and was lower than the critical amount at the seeding stage for meeting the daily maintenance requirements of an animal unit. Metabolisable energy in vegetative, flowering and seeding stages were 8.62, 7.35 and 5.85%, respectively, which were higher than the critical level (8Mj) during the vegetative growth and flowering stages and lower than the same critical level at the seeding stage for meeting the daily maintenance requirements of an animal unit. This is an indicator of the fact that desirability of range forage at different grazing times is not the same and it is necessary to determine the daily requirement of animal unit on the basis of forage quality. In general, the studied rangelands are considered to be desirable in terms of supplying required daily crude protein and metabolisable energy for an animal unit. Results presented in this paper are important for livestock and range management in the studied area.
Ghasemali Dianati Tilaki; Maryam Haidarian Aghakhani; Esmaeil Filehkesh; Ali asghar Naghipour Borj
Volume 18, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 652-661
Abstract
Determination of forage quality of range plants is one of the fundamental factors for evaluating grazing capacity. There are spatial and temporal variations in forage quality of range species. In this study, samples from two halophyte species including Salsola arbuscula and Salsola richteri were collected ...
Read More
Determination of forage quality of range plants is one of the fundamental factors for evaluating grazing capacity. There are spatial and temporal variations in forage quality of range species. In this study, samples from two halophyte species including Salsola arbuscula and Salsola richteri were collected at three phenological stages of vegetative growth, full flowering and seed dissemination with three replications at research station of Poshteh Abbas Sabzevar. The quality indices of acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude fiber (CF), crud protein (CP), metabolic energy (ME), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and soluble carbohydrate (WSC) were measured or estimated. Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that forage quality of both species in vegetative growth was higher than the other stages. Forage quality indices and water soluble carbohydrates were significantly different at different phenological stages and between the species (P<0.05). Salsola richteri had a better forage quality than Salsola arbuscula in all phenological stages. Considering the result of this research, the second stage (flowering) was determined as the most suitable period for livestock grazing. Because at this time, forage quality and soluble carbohydrate of plant are desirable for grazing and grazing will cause less damage to plants.
Behruz Rasouli; Bahram Amiri; Mohammad Hasaan Assareh; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 32-41
Abstract
This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized ...
Read More
This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized and crude protein, ether extract, water percentage, acid detergent fiber, ash, dry matter digestibility and metabolism energy were measured by standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS software in a factorial design. According to the results, interaction effects of growth stages and different ecological sites showed a significant difference for most of the measured factors and they did not follow a regular trend. The results indicated that H. caspica had the highest forage quality in flowering (second stage) while with increase of plant age, crude fiber and ash increased in all the three studied sites. Growing in sever ecological conditions and having high forage quality, H. caspica may be considered for sustainable development plan in saline regions.
Kurosh Behnamfar; Ata... Siadat; Mohammad hassan Salehe Shoshtari
Volume 16, Issue 1 , December 2009, , Pages 86-95
Abstract
Awareness about forage nutritional values of range species in different stages is necessary for range forage management. In order to evaluate nutritional values of six important range plant species: Astragalus gypsicolus,Astragalus sieberi,Medicago polymorpha, Medicago laciniata, Onobrychis gypsicola, ...
Read More
Awareness about forage nutritional values of range species in different stages is necessary for range forage management. In order to evaluate nutritional values of six important range plant species: Astragalus gypsicolus,Astragalus sieberi,Medicago polymorpha, Medicago laciniata, Onobrychis gypsicola, Hyparrhenia hirta at two phenological stages (Vegetative growth and full flowering) the study carried out in semi warm steppe rangeland of Khouzestan. The samples were dried and then the important nutritional parameters: crude protein, crude fiber, ADF, digestible dry matter, metabolisable energy, ash, phosphorus and calcium were measured. The split plot experiment at random complete block design was used for data analysis and the mean values were compared using Dunkan Test. The results showed that the forage quality in all of species were higher in vegetative growth than full flowering stage. Amount of crude protein, digestible dry matter, metabolisable energy, ash, calcium and phosphorus were decreased with development of growth but amont of crude fieber and ADF were increased. The highest percentage of crude protein and the lowest percentage of ADF obtained in Astragalus gypsicolus but the lowest percentage of crude protein and the highest percentage of ADF were in Hyparrhina hirta. The DMD in range legumes were %63.4 to %75.8 but in the only range grass under study was %42.
Javad Torkan; Hosein Arzani
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2001, , Pages 605-618