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تأثیر معدنکاری بر تغییرات تنوع، غنا و ساختار پوشش گیاهی مراتع (مطالعه موردی: معدن مس دره زرشک، استان یزد، ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی،بخش منابع طبیعی،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری،سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر استخراج از معادن به‌طور چشمگیری افزایش‌یافته و سبب تخریب منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست شده است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر فعالیت­های معدنکاری بر تنوع، غنا، یکنواختی و ساختار پوشش گیاهی در مراتع اطراف معدن مس دره زرشک واقع در استان یزد انجام شد. جهت انجام تحقیق سه سایت نمونه­­برداری بافاصله (200-0)، (500-200) و (1000-500) متر از معدن انتخاب و سپس در هر سایت 3 ترانسکت 200 متری به فاصله 50 متر از هم به‌صورت عمود برجهت شیب مستقر و در هر ترانسکت 15 پلات 2 مترمربعی به فاصله 10 متر از هم قرار گرفت و در هر پلات، درصد تاج پوشش گونه‌های موجود و تراکم هرگونه ثبت شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس برای شاخص­های مختلف تنوع، غنا و یکنواختی گونه­ای نشان داد که تمامی شاخص­ها در سه محدوده موردبررسی تفاوت معنی­داری داشته است (05/0. p <). به‌طوری‌که شاخص‌های غنا و تنوع بافاصله از معدن افزایش می­یابد و در عوض شاخص یکنواختی پوشش گیاهی در نزدیک معدن بیشتر است. همچنین افزایش فاصله از معدن سبب افزایش معنی­دار درصد تاج پوشش تیره‌های Asteraceae، Fabaceae،Poaceae، Chenopodiaceae و Lamiaceae در پوشش گیاهی گردید (05/0 p <). علاوه بر این برخی ساختار پوشش گیاهی نظیر ژئوفیت، کاموفیت، همی کریپتوفیت، بوته‌ای‌ها، علف گندمیان و چندساله‌ها به‌طور معنی­داری در نزدیکی معدن کاهش یافتند. به‌طورکلی نتایج حاکی از آن بود که انجام عملیات معدنکاری تا حد زیادی بر ساختار پوشش گیاهی منطقه تأثیر گذاشته است و سبب کاهش تنوع گیاهی شده است. لذا لازم است در بررسی خسارت‌های وارده به مرتع موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Mining on Variation of Species Diversity, Richness and structure of vegetation cover (Case study Copper Mine in Dareh Zereshk, Yazd province, Iran).

نویسنده [English]

  • ELHAM fakhimi

Assistant professor,Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,areeo,Shahrekord,Iran

چکیده [English]

Mining has increased dramatically in recent years and, destroys natural resources and the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mining activities on diversity, richness, evenness and structure of vegetation cover in rangelands around copper mine of Dareh Zereshk located in Yazd province. Three sampling sites (0-200), (200-500) and (500-1000) meters far from the mine were selected for the study. Then, on each site, 3 transects of 200 m with 50 m apart, Were affected Perpendicular to the slope direction. In each plot, canopy cover percentage and density of plant species of existing species was recorded. The results of variance analysis for different indicators of species diversity, richness and evenness showed that all indicators had significant differences in the three study areas (p <0.05). So that the richness and diversity indices increased with distance from the mine and instead the evenness index was higher near the mine. Also, increasing the distance from the mine significantly increased the percentage of canopy cover of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Lamiaceae(p <0.05). In addition, some structure of vegetation cover such as geophyte, chamophyte, hemicryptophyte, shrubs, grasses and perennials were significantly reduced near the mine. In general, the results showed that mining operations had a significant effect on the structure of vegetation in the area and reduced plant diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the pasture damage in the rangeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • structure of vegetation cover
  • copper mine of Dareh Zereshk
  • Yazd province
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تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران
دوره 27، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 772-781
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هم رسانی
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