همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اراک، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

10.22092/ijrdr.2023.129901

چکیده

سابقه و هدف
 امروزه استفاده از مدل‌های پیش‌بینی پراکنش گونه‌های‌گیاهی، نقش برجسته‌ای در ارزیابی، احیا، حفاظت و توسعه اکوسیستم‌های‌مرتعی، ایفا می‌کنند و از ابزارهای مهم جهت کسب اطلاعات درباره علل پراکنش گونه‌ها و تناسب رویشگاه برای گونه‌های‌گیاهی محسوب می‌شوند. در این تحقیق، با استفاده از آنالیزهای چندمتغیره، ضمن تعیین عوامل اکولوژیک مؤثر بر تغییرات ترکیب گیاهی در رویشگاه‌های آن، به بررسی پاسخ گونه گیاهی به تغییرات عوامل‌محیطی و تعیین پتانسیل گونه مورد نظر در شرایط رویشگاه مورد مطالعه، پرداخته شد. تا بدینوسیله ضمن شناخت بهتر آشیان اکولوژیکی این گیاه، بتوان توصیه‌های لازم برای استفاده در برنامه‌های اصلاح مراتع و در رویشگاههای مشابه آن انجام داد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها
 نمونه‌برداری از پوشش‌گیاهی به روش سیستماتیک- تصادفی طی سالهای 1398-1396 انجام شد. مطالعات پوشش گیاهی شامل درصد تاج پوشش گونه‌ها و تراکم گونه‌ها در داخل پلاتها انجام شد. همچنین در هر پلات، درصد لاشبرگ، خاک لخت و سنگ و سنگریزه نیز تعیین گردید. برای این منظورتعداد پنج ترانسکت با فاصله یکسان نسبت به هم بکار برده شد. سپس بر روی هر یک از آنها، شش پلات (به ابعاد 2 در 2 متر) با فواصل یکسان، مستقر گردید. به‌منظور بررسی اثر عوامل‌محیطی بر پراکنش گونه مورد پژوهش، از هر یک از پلات‌ها، یک نمونه خاک با سه از عمق 0 تا 30 سانتی‌متری سطح خاک برداشت گردید و در آزمایشگاه، خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. عوامل اقلیمی مثل میانگین بارندگی و دمای سالانه، با استفاده از داده‌های ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی نزدیک به منطقه مورد مطالعه، جمع‌آوری گردید. جهت بررسی ارتباط متغیرهای محیطی اثرگذار و معنی‌دار با پوشش‌گیاهی و انتخاب روش مناسب خطی و غیرخطی، آنالیز تطبیقی قوس‌گیری شده (DCA) بر روی داده‌های پوشش‌گیاهی، انجام و طول گرادیان مشخص گردید. برای پیش‌بینی پاسخ گونه‌های‌گیاهی به تغییرات عوامل‌محیطی از مدل افزایشی‌تعمیم‌یافته استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در این بخش، از نرم‌افزار Canoco نسخه 4.5، استفاده شد.
 
نتایج
 نتایج حاصل از آنالیز تطبیقی متعارفی نشان داد که عوامل محیطی مثل درصد رس، جهت جغرافیایی، اسیدیته، شن، درصد رطوبت اشباع، درصد ماده آلی، متوسط درجه حرارت سالیانه و درصد آهک خاک در رویشگاههای مورد مطالعه، به‌ترتیب با بیان 3/10، 1/4، 3/3، 3/3، 6/1، 4/1، 4/1 و 3/1 درصد از واریانس موجود در ترکیب گیاهی، نقش مهمی در تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در رویشگاه‌های مورد مطالعه داشتند. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخ گونه A.specigera به میزان فسفر، درصد ماده آلی، هدایت الکتریکی، درصد ازت، درصد رس، درصد کربن آلی و ارتفاع از سطح دریا از مدل کاهشی (Monotonic decrease) پیروی می‌کند. الگوی پاسخ این گونه به درصد سیلت، درصد شن، میانگین درجه حرارت سالانه، میانگین بارندگی سالانه، جهت شیب، اسیدیته، پتاسیم، وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک، درصد اشباع خاک و درصد شیب از مدل زنگوله‌ای (Unimodal) پیروی کرده و حد بهینه رشد آن برای هر یک از این عوامل به ترتیب 21 درصد، 60 درصد، 16 درجه سانتی‌گراد، 400 میلی‌متر، جهت شیبهای شرقی و جنوبی، 8، 650 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، 4/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب، 39 درصد و 50-40 درصد، بوده است.
 
نتیجه‌گیری
مدل افزایشی تعمیم‌یافته، اطلاعات ارزشمندی برای تعیین نیازهای اکولوژیکی گونه ارائه می‌دهد که می‌توان با استفاده از داده‌های این تحقیق، در مدیریت پوشش‌گیاهی و عملیات اصلاح مراتع (مرتعکاری) در مناطق مشابه از آن بهره گرفت. گونه مورد مطالعه از لحاظ تولید بالای علوفه، قابل توجه بوده و به عنوان یکی از گونه‌های مناسب برای افزایش پوشش گیاهی مراتع منطقه، پیشنهاد می‌گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of habitat properties and response pattern of (Artemisia specigera C.Koch.) to environmental factors in rangelands of Mazandaran province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasan Ghelichnia 1
  • Hamidreza Mirdavoodi 2
  • Ali Cherati Araie 3

1 Associate Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department. Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Forest and Rangeland Research Department. Markazi Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran

3 The study of habitat properties and response pattern of (Artemisia specigera C.Koch.) to environmental factors in rangelands of Mazandaran province

چکیده [English]

Background and objective
 Today, predictive models of plant species distribution play a crucial role in assessing, restoring, protecting, and developing rangeland ecosystems. It is one of the most important tools to learn about species distribution and habitat suitability. This research determined ecological factors affecting plant composition, species response to environmental factors changes, and the potential of the target species in the study area using multivariate analysis. Based on this, with a better understanding of the ecological niche of this plant, the necessary recommendations can be made for using the species in rangeland improvement programs in similar habitats.
 
Methodology
 Vegetation sampling was done by a systematic-random method during 2016-2018.
Vegetation studies were carried out, including the percentage of canopy cover of species and the density of species inside the plots. Also, the percentage of litter, bare soil, stones, and pebbles was determined in each plot. For this purpose, five transects with the same distance were used. Then, six plots (with 2 x 2 meters dimensions) were established on each with the same distance. To investigate the effect of environmental factors on the distribution of the studied species, three soil samples were taken from each plot at a depth of 0 to 30 cm, and their physical and chemical properties were measured in the laboratory. Climatic factors such as average rainfall and annual temperature were collected using data from weather stations near the study area. To investigate the relationship between effective and significant environmental variables and vegetation and to choose the appropriate linear and non-linear method, DCA was performed on the vegetation data, and the gradient length was determined. A generalized additive model predicted plant species' response to environmental changes. Canoco software version 4.5 was used to analyze the data in this section.
 
Results
 The results of conventional comparative analysis showed that environmental factors such as clay percentage, geographical direction, acidity, sand, saturated moisture percentage, organic matter percentage, average annual temperature and soil lime percentage in the studied habitats, respectively 10.3, 4.4, 3.3, 3.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.3 percent of the variance in plant composition, play an important role in changes in vegetation in the habitats.
It showed that A.specigera species respond to the amount of phosphorus, percentage of organic matter, electrical conductivity, percentage of nitrogen, percentage of clay, percentage of organic carbon, and altitude. This is following the monotonic decrease model. The response pattern of this species to the percentage of silt, percentage of sand, average annual temperature, average annual rainfall, the direction of slope, acidity, potassium, the apparent specific gravity of soil, percentage of soil saturation and percentage of slope follows the bell model (Unimodal) and limit its growth optimum for each of these factors is 21%, 60%, 16°C, 400mm, for eastern and southern slopes, 8, 650mg/liter, 1.4g/cm3, 39% and 40-50%.
 
Conclusion
 The generalized incremental model provides valuable information to determine species' ecological needs. This information can be used in vegetation management and rangeland improvement operations in similar areas using the data from this research. Forage production is high in the studied species, suggesting its potential for increasing rangeland vegetation cover.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Artemisia specigera
  • classification
  • ecological factors
  • generalized collective model
  • species response curve
  • ecological properties
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