Mahin Hanifapour; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hasan Ahmadi; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Hassan Khosravi
Volume 29, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 186-195
Abstract
Wind erosion and dust storms are one of the natural disasters that are increasingly facing the arid and desert areas of central Iran. Improper management in natural resources has also had a high impact on this phenomenon. One of the basic principles of controlling and combating ...
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Wind erosion and dust storms are one of the natural disasters that are increasingly facing the arid and desert areas of central Iran. Improper management in natural resources has also had a high impact on this phenomenon. One of the basic principles of controlling and combating wind erosion is to know the areas of sediment harvesting. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas of wind sediment harvesting in the facies of the Mallard region in the west of Tehran province. Based on topographic maps, satellite imagery, geological map, and field surveys, the geomorphologic facies map was prepared and then the sampling was done and analyzed in a GIS environment. The interpretation of the anemometer data using Windrose & Stormrose showed the wind direction of the dominant and eroding from the northwest. The results obtained from the study's Sandrose indicated that variation in wind direction is low to high, and Qazvin station (the station closest to the critical centers) had high variability and included multi-directional winds with sharp angles. The 83 samples of different facies of the study area are graded by the ASTM (Dry Sieve) method. The granulation results indicate the local origin of the harvest. The prioritization map of the critical centers of the region showed that 16.4% of the area is low intensity, 3.4% medium intensity, and 3% high intensity. Finally, it was found that saline clay with no vegetation cover or with little vegetation covered with saline in the plain had the highest percentage of particles sensitive to wind erosion.
MAHSA abdolshahnejad; Hassan Khosravi; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; Amir Alambeigi
Volume 29, Issue 1 , February 2022, , Pages 36-52
Abstract
The importance of paying attention to sustainable development and biosafety in areas that effected by an environmental disaster such as dust storms has increased the need for new methods to find coping strategies. For this purpose, cross-structural analysis is an effective tool for studying system behavior. ...
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The importance of paying attention to sustainable development and biosafety in areas that effected by an environmental disaster such as dust storms has increased the need for new methods to find coping strategies. For this purpose, cross-structural analysis is an effective tool for studying system behavior. Based on the results of structural analysis and future study approaches, stability strategies can be proposed in the affected area by high-risk dust. The method of the research is according to the applied and future study approach. The sample population of this research was composed of 22 experts and managers in the field of agriculture and dust. Based on collecting data through expert interview and brainstorming method, the effective drivers were identified. According to the opinion of experts, the final drivers were extracted as a 26 × 26 matrix. Then, the cross-impact matrix was scored by experts. To determine the key drivers affecting the resilience of farming communities affected by dust in Ahvaz County, the future research approach was performed using MICMAC software in three groups of economic, social, and natural-physical components and 26 indicators. Research variables were divided into three categories »key, Independent and Regulative« based on the degree of relationship between influence and dependence. Key drivers include »Change of Quality and Quantity of Agricultural Products, Income Risk, Unemployment and Poverty Rise, Access to Financial Credits, Alternative livelihood and Immigration«. The results showed that the system of this study is unstable and in order to make management decisions and increase sustainability, it is necessary to develop strategies based on key drivers affecting farmer’s resilience.
Hamed Eskandari Damaneh; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hassan Khosravi; Hosein Azarnivand; Aliakbar Barati
Volume 28, Issue 3 , October 2021, , Pages 520-536
Abstract
In the present study, the existing land uses in the Minab plain were simulated using the CA-Markov combined method. For this purpose, land use maps for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 were generated using Landsat satellite images using the maximum probability classification method and after evaluating ...
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In the present study, the existing land uses in the Minab plain were simulated using the CA-Markov combined method. For this purpose, land use maps for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 were generated using Landsat satellite images using the maximum probability classification method and after evaluating the model, the land use map for 2030 and 2040 was predicted using the combined CA-Markov method. Analysis of land use change patterns in Minab plain showed that during the statistical period 2000-2020 in the level of land uses in this area has changed significantly so that during this 20-year period the area of agricultural land use, urban and man-made areas, saline lands and rangelands and barren lands respectively from 38.91, 25.99, 20.09 and 15 % in 2000 to 40.75, 40.02, 12.44 and 6.80 percent in 2020. Evaluation of the model using kappa index above 90% indicates the high accuracy of the model for predicting land uses. Prediction of changes in 2030 and 2040 show that the use of agricultural lands and urban areas and man-made are increasing at a rate of 0.05 and 0.39 %, respectively, which are advancing from the east of the plain to the west; Meanwhile, the uses of saline areas, rangelands and barren lands are decreasing at a rate of 0.44%, which is more evident in the west and northwest of this plain. Finally, one of the most important executive strategies of planners and officials to prevent land use change and ultimately land degradation in this area, can be to improve the cultivation pattern, new irrigation methods, nourish the bed of this plain and maintain and restore native vegetation.
Leila Biabani; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Hasan Khosravi; Mahin Hanifepour
Volume 26, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 158-17
Abstract
Managing the optimal use of water resources is one of the most important issues in sustainable development. Considering the importance of studying groundwater in the field of drinking, industry and agriculture, the study of water qualitative changes can be important for humankind. ...
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Managing the optimal use of water resources is one of the most important issues in sustainable development. Considering the importance of studying groundwater in the field of drinking, industry and agriculture, the study of water qualitative changes can be important for humankind. In this study, groundwater level depletion and electrical conductivity (EC) were used to investigate the quantitative and qualitative changes of groundwater in Karaj plain. The water level hydrographs were drown using Thiessen method based on the piezometric wells data and the groundwater depletion, the elevation contour line, and iso- electrical conductivity maps were provided using GIS. Quantitative changes were studied with reading of each well in different months in a 15-year period (2001-2016). The obtained results showed that the vast range of Karaj plain was depleted due to the lack of proper recharge as well as the over-exploration of groundwater. In addition, the relation between EC and anions and cations (such as Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, Na+, SO42-, HCO3-) were determined. The calculated Standard Index of Annual Precipitation (SIAP) in five meteorological stations showed groundwater depletion due to rainfall reducing and drought. Electrical conductivity had direct relation with concentration of ions in all cases. According to the hydrographs, the average level of groundwater decreased to 1.02 m over 15 years and the groundwater level depletion consequently decreased the water quality.
Sara Nakhaie Nejad; Gholamreza zehtabian; Arash Malekian; Hassan Khosravi
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 268-279
Abstract
Nowadays, due to water scarcity in the country, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, optimal management of groundwater resources is necessary. This study investigates the quality and quantity of underground water of the Sarayan plain in the northwest of South Khorasan Province in a 14-year period ...
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Nowadays, due to water scarcity in the country, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, optimal management of groundwater resources is necessary. This study investigates the quality and quantity of underground water of the Sarayan plain in the northwest of South Khorasan Province in a 14-year period (1998-2012) using statistical methods. The number of samples studied included 20 wells, six qanats and three springs. Then, using GS + software, appropriate statistical methods were selected. Results showed that Kriging method was suitable for zoning of the factors. Using interpolation methods, appropriate spatial maps for each of the groundwater quality parameters (EC, TDS, and SAR) were obtained in three years (beginning, middle and end of the fourteen-year period). The results of the spatial variations of the TDS and SAR showed that the reduction of these two parameters was more severe in the middle and southern parts of the study area. To evaluate changes in groundwater depth in the plains, the depth maps of the ground water resources were prepared during the study period by the use of the results of measuring the depth of water in each of the observation wells. Results showed that in 1998, in the eastern and southern plains, the water was at a closer distance to the ground and with the advance toward the West and especially to the north, water was available in deeper parts of the ground. In the study area, the average amount of rainfall is less than the average amount of the whole of Iran and groundwater resources in agricultural water supply plays a fundamental role. Therefore, the sustainability of water resources is affected by sustainable management of underground water resources in the agricultural sector.
Mina Arast; Gholamreza zehtabian; Mohammad Jafari; hasan khosravi; saeed shojaee
Volume 23, Issue 3 , January 2017, , Pages 543-554
Abstract
The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and ...
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The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and electrical conductivity. Therefore, five study sites were selected. The treatments consisted of control, irrigation with saline water, brackish water, and wastewater as well as mixed irrigation of wastewater and saline water. Five profiles were dug in the study sites. In each profile, two samples were taken from two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The results showed that irrigating with wastewater led to improved soil properties in terms of organic matter and bulk density, as compared with other treatments. There was no significant difference in pH among all treatments. However, the amount of Electrical Conductivity of saline water in surface and deep layers of soil was 17.57 ds/m and 5.5 ds/m, respectively. This large difference between the two depths in saline water treatment represents the EC downward trend from surface to depth. This trend was constant for the brackish water and wastewater treatments.
Jalal Barkhordari; arahel vartanian; hasan khosravi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 466-480
Mehdi Ganji; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Mohammad Jafary; Hasan Khosravi; Reyhaneh Masoudi
Volume 22, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 12-20
Abstract
In many parts of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, agricultural activities such as mismanagement of land as well as inappropriate irrigation systems have seriously led to land degradation and desertification. Therefore, it is necessary to do some researches in order to determine which region is suitable ...
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In many parts of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, agricultural activities such as mismanagement of land as well as inappropriate irrigation systems have seriously led to land degradation and desertification. Therefore, it is necessary to do some researches in order to determine which region is suitable for agriculture or not and if the region is suitable, what type of agriculture management should be applied prevalently. To achieve this goal, a region in Arak Mighan playa (Savarabad watershed) was chosen. At first, different maps of region including soil map, elevation and land use maps were prepared by ArcGIS 10.1. Five land uses were recognized as treatments including garden lands, dry farming systems, irrigation lands, dry lands and rangelands. Soil samples were taken and soil factors including N, Ca, Mg, and Humus as well as degradation factors such as EC, SAR, pH, Na and Hco3 were measured at two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The analysis of factors was done by SPSS software and results showed that there were significant differences among treatments based on Duncan test. In addition, rangeland was identified as a favorable treatment in terms of EC, pH, SAR in the surface layer. According to the results, it was found that rangelands had ideal conditions and dry farming and dry lands were identified as the most unfavorable treatments.
hasan khosravi; Esamaeel Heydari; Gholamreza Zehtabian; Javad Bazrafshan
Volume 22, Issue 4 , March 2015, , Pages 711-720
Abstract
Yazd-Ardakan plain has been faced with significant reduction of groundwater level in recent years. Therefore, it is expected that studying hydro-geological drought can help the right management of this aquifer. Groundwater Resources Index was used to study hydro-geological drought in Yazd-Ardakan plain. ...
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Yazd-Ardakan plain has been faced with significant reduction of groundwater level in recent years. Therefore, it is expected that studying hydro-geological drought can help the right management of this aquifer. Groundwater Resources Index was used to study hydro-geological drought in Yazd-Ardakan plain. At first, 30 piezometric wells with the same 10-year period (2002-2012) were selected. Then, the zonation maps of annual groundwater level, average groundwater level, and standard deviation were provided by ArcGIS9.3. Finally, GRI map was provided using these maps and GRI relation. According to the obtained results, the most serious annual hydro-geological drought occurred in 2011 with an average GRI of 0.79. According to the GRI zonation map, hydro-geological drought severity is high in northern and southern parts of the study area. It can be due to concentration of population, industrial centers, and excessive harvesting of groundwater in these areas. In addition, the GRI temporal changes indicate the deterioration of Yazd-Ardakan aquifer.