Seyed Taghi Mirhaji; Abbas Ali Sanadgol; Hasan Yeganeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 522-534
Abstract
This research was conducted at Homand Absard research station, 70km east of Tehran, to study the establishment and survival of 10 accessions of Elytrigia libanoticus L. The experiment began in 2003 and continued until 2006. Of each accession, 25 individuals were cultivated on 13-meter lines at 50cm intervals. ...
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This research was conducted at Homand Absard research station, 70km east of Tehran, to study the establishment and survival of 10 accessions of Elytrigia libanoticus L. The experiment began in 2003 and continued until 2006. Of each accession, 25 individuals were cultivated on 13-meter lines at 50cm intervals. Cultivation lines were 75cm apart. Vigor, survival, forage and seed yield as well as growth parameters were recorded annually. The aim of the study was to determine the best accessions in view of survival and establishment. Obtained data in different years were entered in Excel and were analyzed with IRRISTAT software. Afterward, interaction effects of accessions and environment and additive main effects of the collected data were calculated using AMMI method in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Mean comparisons were performed using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5% level. According to the results, there were significant differences among studied accessions at 1% level of probability during the study. Accession no. 10627 was identified as the best one while accessions 10624, 10628 and 10633 showed the lowest survival respectively
Mojgan Azimi; Maryam Bakhshandeh; Abass Ali Sanadgol; Mortezah Akbarzadeh; Farhang Ghasriani; Farhang Jafari
Volume 19, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 321-332
Abstract
In range management, appropriate time for utilization is set based upon plant life stages. Accordingly, phenology of Stipa hohenackeriana was studied in three research sites of Roudshor, Hasaan Abad and Khojir. This study was performed during three growth stages in 3 years. Twenty ...
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In range management, appropriate time for utilization is set based upon plant life stages. Accordingly, phenology of Stipa hohenackeriana was studied in three research sites of Roudshor, Hasaan Abad and Khojir. This study was performed during three growth stages in 3 years. Twenty species were selected and was regularly visited from mid-March 2005. Vegetative, flowering, seeding and winter dormancy were considered as phonological stages. Collected data were interpreted using climatic data (temperature and precipitation) and for each stage, growth degree days were calculated. Results showed that start and end of growth differed in different years and these changes were affected by climatic conditions especially temperature and soil moisture. St.ho had a longer growth period in cool and humid years compared to warm and dry years. But required cumulative temperatures were almost the same in different years. Results indicated that plant growth was affected by growth degree days (GDD) and cumulative rainfall during growth season. Also, the analysis of variance showed that differences in plant height at different sites and also in different years were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Taghi Mir haji; Abbas ali Sanadgol; Mohammad hasan Ghasemi; Soheila Nori
Volume 17, Issue 3 , October 2010, , Pages 362-376
Abstract
Phenology of four range species including Elymus transhircanus, Elytrigia libanotica Stipa bromoides and Stipa capillata were studied in Homand Absard Research Station, 70 km far from east Tehran, for five years (2003-2007). 20 plants were selected for each species and four important phenological stages ...
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Phenology of four range species including Elymus transhircanus, Elytrigia libanotica Stipa bromoides and Stipa capillata were studied in Homand Absard Research Station, 70 km far from east Tehran, for five years (2003-2007). 20 plants were selected for each species and four important phenological stages including early and vegetative growth, flowering, seed milk stage, seed maturity and autumn regrowth were recorded. Data recording was done once each week and once 15 days in growing and inactive seasons respectively. Phenological data were recorded during five years and interpreted using climatic data (temperature and precipitation) to calculate Growth Degree Days in each stage. The purpose of this study was to identify and introduce important phenological stages with a view to livestock grazing and farm management based upon phenology and Growth Degree Days. The results showed that onset and end of growth varied in different years and these changes occurred based upon temperature. Phenological period of all studied species in cool years was longer than that of warm years. But required Growth Degree Days for all mentioned species were almost similar. For example, Elytrigia libanotica required 833.3, 830.8, 834, 832 and 846.3 GDD for vegetative stage in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. For flowering stage, 1342.1, 1342.8, 1355, 1344.8 and 1346.3 GDD were calculated from 2003 to 2007. In other words, Elytrigia libanotica species needs the mentioned GDD so that it can start seed milk stage. Start of growth varied in different years according to plant type and climatic condition and it was usually from mid to early March. Active growth continued to early July and then stopped. All studied species had an autumn regrowth in wet season.
Hamid reza Mirdavudi; Abassali Sanadgol
Volume 16, Issue 2 , December 2009, , Pages 190-199
Abstract
In this research, first of all the key and important species as well as associated species of rangelands were recognized, then morphological and seasonal changes and preference value were determined on the selected species such as Artemisia aucheri, Kochia prostrata, Bromus tomentellus, Asperula glomerata ...
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In this research, first of all the key and important species as well as associated species of rangelands were recognized, then morphological and seasonal changes and preference value were determined on the selected species such as Artemisia aucheri, Kochia prostrata, Bromus tomentellus, Asperula glomerata and Buffonia cf.koelzii. In this research phonological stages of plants divided into 3 main stages including vegetative, flowering and seed maturity. Species preference values were studied with the method of time measurement. Effective factors on species palatability such as morphological characteristics, phonology, and chemical factors (Carbohydrates, Hemi cellulose, Protein…) of the species also were investigated. In the final step, data obtained in measurement time method were compared with environmental and morphological characteristics of the species as well as forage quality. The palatable species such as Bromus tomentellus, Asperula glomerata, Buffonia cf.koelzii and annual grasses were severally grazed in early time of the season. Rate of the grazing of, the species As. glomerata, Bu. cf.koelzii, Br. tomentellus and Ar.aucheri were 56, 59, 74 and 43 percent respectively. The laboratory analysis of forage quality also showed that there are positive correlation between moisture, protein and soluble sugar percentage with rate of forage use percentage. The regression equation showed that the amount of humidity, protein and soluble sugar with 56, 21 and 10 percent respectively shared in this model and high correlation of these factors showed their important role.
Mirtaher Ghaiemi; Abassali Sandgol
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 13-25
Abstract
The major objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the 5-year exclosure at Goladam station of Salmas rangelands.Vegetation type and dominant species of this area was Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina. Changes in total forage production, plus canopy cover percentage, range condition ...
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The major objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the 5-year exclosure at Goladam station of Salmas rangelands.Vegetation type and dominant species of this area was Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina. Changes in total forage production, plus canopy cover percentage, range condition and trend of this rangeland were measured, evaluated and then analysed statistically. Results of this study indicated that range condition and trend of this rangeland improved considerably. Total plant cover and forage production of the protected area increased.Vegetation cover and density of the plant species class I and IIincreased whilespeciesclass IIIdecreasedconsiderably throughout the study period. It seems that the 5-year exclosure is an appropriate exclusionperiod for this area. Further investigations are recommended for find decisions.
Mohammad Ggeitury; Naser Ansari; Abbas ali Sanadgool; Mosayeb Heshmati
Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 314-323
Abstract
There are various factors that cause cantinous changes in the quality and quantity of natural resources which result in poor ranching, destructive flood, migration of villagers and nomads to large nearby cities and poverty of rural people. Identification of factors which are ...
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There are various factors that cause cantinous changes in the quality and quantity of natural resources which result in poor ranching, destructive flood, migration of villagers and nomads to large nearby cities and poverty of rural people. Identification of factors which are destructive to rangelands in Kermanshah Province was carried out to prevent destruction, to achieve optimal management and recognize priorities in planning. First of all, information and statistics concerning vegetation map and base map ( from past to present ) were obtained and analyzed. On the basis of Pabo Map and GIS, four different climatic regions of dry forest, warm semie-steppe. Cold semi-steppe and high mountainous were distinguished for Kermanshah Province. According to the survey conducted to explore the ecology of Kermanshah, index regions were identified using Pabo climatic Map. In any region, the vegetation of the range along with index of destruction of vegetation was studied. next step, questionnaires related to destructive factors to vegetation were filled by both experts and rural families and nomads and, then were assessed using the statistic method of regression and finally the frequency of different destructive factors to rangelands was calculated. The results indicated that in Kermanshah rangelands, changing the land use, the increase in the number of animals, and early grazing are the common factors of destruction respectively
Hamid Habibian; Abbasali Sanadgol
Volume 14, Issue 1 , January 2007, , Pages 53-67
Abstract
Nowadays; planting of Atri;lex species are used, in range rehabilitation. Soil erosion control and wildlife programs. Optimum density, and periods of prunning of Atriplex lentiformis on quantity of forage production are important. The Atriplex lentiformis was planted in a split-split plot design with ...
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Nowadays; planting of Atri;lex species are used, in range rehabilitation. Soil erosion control and wildlife programs. Optimum density, and periods of prunning of Atriplex lentiformis on quantity of forage production are important. The Atriplex lentiformis was planted in a split-split plot design with 3 replications and 45 treatments in Dadin of Kazeroon in 1993 and investigated for 10 years. The main treatment was planting distance at levels. Sub-treatment was prunning period and the sub-sub-treatment was cutting height. Canopy coverage diameter, height, forage production, and percentage of survival of the plant were measured in different years throughout of the study. The nutritional value of the forage was measured in the last year. The data were analysized by EXCEL, SPSS, and SAS softwares. The results showed that the highest production attained from treatments of 2*2 m planting space, 40 cm height, and once per year cutting, and the least one, resulted of the treatment of 4*4m planting space, zero cm and once per three years cutting. Control and zero height cuttings showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with the other treatments in forage production. The 20, 40, and 60 cm cutting heights showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Zero and 20 cm cutting height showed a significant differece (P>0.05). Zero and 20 cm cutting height showed a significant difference with other treatments in percentage of survival (P<0.05).
Ahmad Ahmadian; Abbasali Sanadgol
Volume 14, Issue 1 , January 2007, , Pages 80-87
Abstract
Mountain areas are important sources of livestock forage production, water, energy, and biological diversity. Furthermore, they are sources of such key resources as minerals, forest products and agricultural products and of recreation. Mountain environments are susceptible to accelerated soil erosion, ...
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Mountain areas are important sources of livestock forage production, water, energy, and biological diversity. Furthermore, they are sources of such key resources as minerals, forest products and agricultural products and of recreation. Mountain environments are susceptible to accelerated soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. They are essential to the survival of the global ecosystem. In the West Azarbaijan province of Iran the existed livestock are about two times more than range capacity. Nowadays considering genetic erosion and plant cover retrogression, the study of balanced grazing as an approached strategy for proper management of natural resources is necessary and inevitable. For the study of livestock productions the weights of sheep under balance grazing and traditional grazing were compared with each other. In this study the vegetation type of Festuca ovina -Bromus tomentellus with fair condition, negative trend and grazing capacity of 0.7 animal units in three month was selected. This vegetation type with considering grazing capacity and range readiness was studied under balanced grazing from 1999 to 2003. The results indicated that the range condition promoted from fair condition to good condition, and the grazing capacity reached to 2.7 animal units per month. The average of plant cover and soil protection values reached from 24 and 54 percent to 33 and 64 percent respectively (significant difference at 5 % level of probability)
Mahmood khosravi fard; Abbas ali sandgol; Ahmad Akbarinia
Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2006, , Pages 94-101
Abstract
About 15% of Iranian lands are affected by salinity. Species of chenopodiacea family, such as Atriplex canescens is special for planting in these area. This study was conducted from 1993 to 2003 in Nowdehak rangeland station of Qazvin province. objectives of this research were planting density of Atriplex ...
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About 15% of Iranian lands are affected by salinity. Species of chenopodiacea family, such as Atriplex canescens is special for planting in these area. This study was conducted from 1993 to 2003 in Nowdehak rangeland station of Qazvin province. objectives of this research were planting density of Atriplex canescens. The statistic design was split split plot (using on CRBC) with three replication. Main plot were density (2´2, 4´4, 6´6 meter), sub plots were pruning period (annual, binnial, triennial) and sub sub-plot were hight pruning (control, complete pruning, 20, 40, 60 heights). Result showed that planting density and pruning had significant effect on forage yield (P<0.01). Planting density 2´2 m had higher yield than others treatments. Complete pruning and pruning 20 cm height had no differet yield but produced forage were higher than other treatments. Triennial pruning preiod was better than anuual and binnial praning priod in respect of forage yield. Generally result showed that in this area and similar zone planting, distance (2´2m) with triennial pruning and complete pruning had maximum forage yield.
Taghi Mirhaji; Abbas ali Sanadgol
Volume 13, Issue 3 , February 2006, , Pages 212-221
Abstract
The phenological stages of five species Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Koeleria phleoides, Melica cupani and Melica jacquemntii were studied for three years(2003-2005) in Homand-e-abesard rangeland research station, in 70 km east of Tehran. Annual life cycle of plants were divided into two ...
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The phenological stages of five species Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Koeleria phleoides, Melica cupani and Melica jacquemntii were studied for three years(2003-2005) in Homand-e-abesard rangeland research station, in 70 km east of Tehran. Annual life cycle of plants were divided into two large periods, more active and less active phases. data were recorded in the first phase every 7 days and in the second phase every 15 days. The Growth degree-days(GDD) were calculated for each phenological stages. 20 stands of each species were studied. The phenological stages include: growth initiation(gi), vegetative growth(vg), heading out(ho), full flowering(ff), seed ripening(sr), seed maturity(sm), temporary dormancy(td) and regrowth. The result showed that the five species started their growth from early March and dried in late July. There was dormancy for late August to early October and a regrowth stage from late November to late December. The Growth degree days were calculated for each phenological stage of 5 species in the different years. The result showed no GDD variation for the same phenological stages between years.
Abbas ali Sanadgol; Mohammadreza chaichi; Anis Bayani Kalagari
Volume 13, Issue 1 , February 2006, , Pages 62-68
Abstract
For introduction of high forage yielding annual medics in Gorgan plain , three introduced species of Medicago scutellata , Medicago truncatula , Medicago littoralis and two native species of Medicago orbicularis and Medicago polymorpha were investigated for three years in Araghi- mahaleh research station ...
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For introduction of high forage yielding annual medics in Gorgan plain , three introduced species of Medicago scutellata , Medicago truncatula , Medicago littoralis and two native species of Medicago orbicularis and Medicago polymorpha were investigated for three years in Araghi- mahaleh research station of Gorgan region. A randomised complete block design with four replications was applied.The results showed that the forage yields of the investigated species differed during years of trial due to climatic flactuations and genetical properties. The cool and moisture sencetive species could produce more forages in rainy and warm winters. The drought and cool tolerant species such as M.littoralis had more stable forage yield in fluctuated rainfall and temperature conditions. generally,M.scutellata yielded 2083 kg/ha ,while M.polymorpha , M. truncatula , M. orbicularis and M. littoralis produced 1487, 1257.2, 1076 and 979 kg/ha forages respectively.