Zahra Zamani; Reza Tamartash; Qodratolah Heidari; Zeynab Jafarian Jelodar
Volume 30, Issue 4 , February 2024, , Pages 489-504
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives According to the studies, environmental factors can affect the secondary metabolites in plants, including the essential oil and its chemical composition. therefore, it is essential to understand the effect of these factors and which of the environmental factors ...
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Abstract Background and objectives According to the studies, environmental factors can affect the secondary metabolites in plants, including the essential oil and its chemical composition. therefore, it is essential to understand the effect of these factors and which of the environmental factors have a more effective role on the quantity and quality of secondary compounds extracted from plants. the purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the effect of physical and chemical properties of soil and climate factors including temperature and rainfall on the chemical composition of the essential oil of the medicinal species of Stachys lavandulifolia in the northern and southern aspects of Bagh tilak rangeland of Sari. MethodologyThe present research was conducted in Baghtilak rangeland, which is one of the summer pastures of Mazandaran province. in order to take samples, plant samples were taken according to the patchy distribution of the plant in the region, the aerial branches of the plant were randomly collected in three selected spots with three repetitions from the northern and southern aspects in late June.then the soil samples were also collected at the base of the plant from a depth of 0-30 cm. after the samples were transferred to the laboratory, the essential oils of the plants were extracted by clevenger and their composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Soil samples were also measured and evaluated based on existing guidelines. also, the required meteorological information was obtained from the Kiyasar meteorological station. in order to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data of soil and essential oil, the normality of the data was first checked using the Kolmograph-Smirnov test. after confirming the normality of the data, using the independent T-student test, the comparison of plant chemical compositions and soil quality indicators in the two northern and southern spects was performed by SPSS version 22 software, and the relationship between the plant chemical composition data was analyzed. It was done with soil quality indicators and climatic data by PCA principal component analysis method in PC ord5 space. Results The results showed that the yield of essential oil in the southern aspect is significantly higher (P≤0.05) than the northern aspect. Also, among the compounds obtained from the essential oil, the compounds α-Pinene, α-Fenchene, p-cymene, Sabinene, Thymol, α-Thujene, Limonene, GermacreneD, bicyclogermacrene, cis-sabinene hydrate with the highest amount have a significant difference from they showed themselves in two aspects. the data obtained from principal component analysis into main components in relation to soil and climatic factors with essential oil compounds indicate that soil chemical factors including EC, OM, Mg, MWD, bulk density, sand and silt have a stronger relationship compared to other factors. also, in this analysis, soil factors such as apparent specific gravity, pH, Ca, sand, and the climatic factor of temperature have a positive and direct relationship with Sabinene, β-Pinene, Myrcene, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, Limonene, cis-sabinene hydrate compounds, thymol, Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and Phytol. also, soil factors such as EC, OM, bulk density, silt, Cao, P, Na, SAR and precipitation climatic factor have a negative and inverse relationship with Cyclofenchene, 1-8-Cineole, cis-ocimene, α- Terpineol, Terpinene-4-acetate, Bicyclo, Caryophyllene and Hexadecanoic acid were established. Conclusion The result of this research shows that the quantitative and qualitative performance of medicinal plants is affected by factors such as the type of species, climatic characteristics, soil characteristics and topographical conditions, and the effect of environmental factors on the components of secondary metabolites can be due to the different effects of these factors on The biosynthetic pathways of these compounds in the plant. also, the present study showed that the yield of essential oil obtained from the Stachys lavandulifolia plant in the southern aspect of Baghtilak rangeland is significantly higher than the northern aspect, so it is recommended to consider more for the exploitation of this aspect.
mashaallah mohammadpour; Mohammadreza Tatian; Reza Tamartash; Jafar Hoseinzadeh
Volume 28, Issue 1 , April 2021, , Pages 34-54
Abstract
Rangelands beneath the forests of Dalab in the northwest of Ilam are grazed from May to November. To investigate the grazing behavior and determine the dependence of livestock on forage resources, three goats and three Kurdish sheep were randomly selected from three herds in the ...
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Rangelands beneath the forests of Dalab in the northwest of Ilam are grazed from May to November. To investigate the grazing behavior and determine the dependence of livestock on forage resources, three goats and three Kurdish sheep were randomly selected from three herds in the area, and by installing a GPS device on them, information on the distance and movement time of livestock were recorded every month. Maps of geological formation, slope, altitude, land use, and landform were prepared, and monthly GPS information was combined with the maps. The evaluation of forage production was carried out in 27 plots of forest floor and 25 samples of trees and shrubs. The results showed that the goat had an average daily mobility of 7.7 km and a distance of 2.6 km for grazing; but these figures for sheep are 7.8 and 1.9 km, respectively. It was also found that goats were more present in the altitude of 1400 to 1500 m and sheep in the elevation of 1300 to 1400 m. Livestock were more prone to grazing on the forest floor, and they preferred slopes of less than 30%, hill form, and Pabdeh geological formation. Comparison of grazing, moving, and stopping times showed no difference between the types of grazing in terms of grazing behavior, but there were differences between the types of activity (movement, stopping, and grazing) in different months. Examination of the grazing behavior of the livestock using video recording revealed that the livestock spent about 33 to 36 minutes on grazing, three to five minutes on stopping, and 12 to 14 minutes on grazing without movement. Finally, it was found that about 50% of the relative forage production was from forest floor grasses, 34% forest trees, and 10% sub-forest farms; therefore, livestock ration dependence on forest floor grasses is about 61 %, forest trees 25 %, and forest floor farms 7 %.
Seyed Mahdi Adnani; Mohammad Reza Tatian; Ehsan Zandi Esfahan; Reza Tamartash; Hosein Bagheri
Volume 27, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 215-223
Abstract
Important and influential factors on livestock production in arid areas are limited water resources, increasing salinity and lack of food. Halophytes are especially important in saline habitats as alternative forage sources. Forage quality is one of the main factors determining the nutritional requirements ...
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Important and influential factors on livestock production in arid areas are limited water resources, increasing salinity and lack of food. Halophytes are especially important in saline habitats as alternative forage sources. Forage quality is one of the main factors determining the nutritional requirements of livestock and subsequently the grazing capacity of rangelands. Determination of forage quality of rangeland species is one of the fundamental factors for proper rangeland management. The quality of forage varies in different places and times and different factors affect it. Awareness of forage quality of halophytes at each phenological stage, not only helps beneficiaries in arid and desert areas to select suitable plant species for planting in haloculture programs, but also sets the appropriate time for grazing to achieve greater livestock performance in saline lands. In the present study, the effects of phenological stages on eight forage quality traits were investigated for three halophytes ie., Halocnemum strobilaceum, Nitraria schoberi and Suaeda aegyptiaca. Plant samples were collected in vegetative, flowering, and seeding stages from saline lands in the margin of Houze Sultan, Qom province. Data were analyzed by a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Duncan mean comparison test was performed. The results showed that the effects of species and phenological stages on forage quality were significant (p < /em><0.01). In general, the results of this study indicated the superiority of Ha. strobilaceum in terms of nutritional value compared to Ni. schoberi and Su. aegyptiaca, so that it can be considered as a new source of forage in the lands affected by salinity.
Farhad Borna; Reza Tamartash; Mohammad Reza Tatian; Vahid Gholami
Volume 27, Issue 1 , April 2020, , Pages 98-111
Abstract
The Identification of the affecting factors for establishment of native vegetation in area can help to manage rangelands correctly. Desirable habitat will have a significant impact on the survival and reproduction of species. The development of science of statistics and geographic information systems ...
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The Identification of the affecting factors for establishment of native vegetation in area can help to manage rangelands correctly. Desirable habitat will have a significant impact on the survival and reproduction of species. The development of science of statistics and geographic information systems has been made to determine of the habitat prediction of plant species using modeling approaches. So, this study has been done by the purpose of prediction of habitat Artemisia aucheri map using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis in summer rangelands of Balade, Nour city in the Mazandaran province. For achieving to this purpose, the map of environmental variables (physiographic, soil and climate parameters), was prepared after sampling soil profiles and collecting climate variables information from the meteorological organization of Mazandaran province and physiographic maps, via GIS techniques in cell size of 10 x 10. Also; 30 sites were recorded as the presence of species with sampling classified – random. Ecological niche factor analysis counted as a profile model and it is one of the most frequently used techniques to generate species distribution map which uses species “presence-only” data. According to this results A.m.p, Aspect, Ec, TNV were used as influential environmental variables. Also, the evaluation of the model indicates a high accuracy model of the Ecological Niche Factor Analysis of the Artemisia aucheri by using Boyce index in the study area. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that Artemisia aucheri has sort of limited study area and tends to live in its own special habitat conditions.