Bayzid Yousefi; Sedigheh Zarekia
Volume 29, Issue 4 , January 2023, , Pages 562-578
Abstract
To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among traits of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes belong to five species including Astragalus vegetus. A. brevidens, A. brachyodontus, A. effusus and A. cyclophyllus in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. ...
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To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among traits of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes belong to five species including Astragalus vegetus. A. brevidens, A. brachyodontus, A. effusus and A. cyclophyllus in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. Seed sowing was done in November 2018 and morphological traits of plant in spring 2020 were measured. Analysis of variance released significnant (p≤0.01 and 0.05) difference for milkvetch populations (G) for all studied traits. In 2020 (two years old plants), the mean of plant establishment was about 26%, the number of primary branches was 3.2, plant height, the tallest stem length and crown diameter were 16.9, 19.2 and 15.4 cm respectively, the length and width of the root were 17.4 and 6.2 cm, respectively, the average of fresh weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were 2.3, 1.9 and 0.4 g and the average of dry weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were were 0.9, 0.7 and 0.2 g respectively, average dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.38. Average of leaflet per leaf was 7.7, so mean of length and width of leaf and leaflet were 7.5, 3.7, 2.3 and 0.5 cm respectively. Up to this stage, the accession of A. effusus Darreh Shohada (West Azerbaijan) and three accession of A. vegetus (Zereshk of Qazvin, Saral of Kurdistan and Qarehbagh of West Azerbaijan) were superior ones in terms of forage production and other studied traits. The weight of the plant was positively correlated with plant vigor, length and width of leaf (p≤0.05) and with plant height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, length and width of root, arial and root weight at 1% probality level. The results of stepwise regression of forage yield on other traits showed that plant weight, establishment percentage, plant height and crown diameter at 1% and the length of leaf and root at 5% probality level (R2adj = 91.1%) were forage yield components. Therefore, in order to achieve higher forage, the genotypes with larger aerial parts and deeper roots should be selected.
Bayzid Yousefi; Sedighe Zarekia
Volume 28, Issue 4 , November 2021, , Pages 759-771
Abstract
Astragalus spp. are valuable in forage production, soil protection, etc. To evaluate the establishment and growth of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes, belonging to five species, including Astragalus vegetus. As.brevidens, As. brachyodontus, As. effusus and As. Cyclophyllus, were ...
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Astragalus spp. are valuable in forage production, soil protection, etc. To evaluate the establishment and growth of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes, belonging to five species, including Astragalus vegetus. As.brevidens, As. brachyodontus, As. effusus and As. Cyclophyllus, were studied in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed sowing was done in November 2018, and traits of plant establishment percentage, vigor, height and diameter of plant crown, number of branches per plant, average fresh and dry weight of the plant, and the ratio of dry to wet weight of the plant in 2019 and 2020 years was measured. According to the combined analysis of variance, the effects of genotype and year for all studied traits and the interaction of year × genotype were significant (p≤0.01) except for the percentage of establishment and the plant vigor for other traits. Results showed that seed germination, probably caused by seed dormancy or a stress tolerance mechanism, was gradual. In 2020, the mean of plant establishment was about 37%, the number of primary branches was 7.3, plant height and crown diameters were 35.2 and 35.9 cm, respectively, plant fresh and dry weight were 68.2 and 39.1g, and the dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.58. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two main components (PC1 and PC2) determined 80% of total variance and genotypes with high forage yield located in the third zone of bi-plot with a negative value of PC1 and mainly positive for PC2. In addition, the accession of As. effusus (West Azerbaijan) and three accessions of As. vegetus (Qazvin, Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan) in terms of adaptation and forage production are introduced as high forage yield and adaptable ones for rehabilitation of rangelands in Kurdistan and similar areas in the country.
Bayazid Yousefi; Jamal Hassani; Mohammad Fayaz
Volume 27, Issue 3 , October 2020, , Pages 410-420
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of planting time and method on the establishment and production of Onobrychis subnitens (sainfoin) in rainfed conditions of Saral research station (365 mm annual rainfall) in Sanandaj (Kurdistan-Iran) during 2013 -2016. ...
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This study was aimed at investigating the effects of planting time and method on the establishment and production of Onobrychis subnitens (sainfoin) in rainfed conditions of Saral research station (365 mm annual rainfall) in Sanandaj (Kurdistan-Iran) during 2013 -2016. Two planting times (spring and fall) and methods (line sowing and seeding) were studied in a split-plot design based on the randomized complete block design in three replications. The results showed that in the third year of cultivation, the average percentage of plant establishment in the plot was 53%, the average canopy cover of the plot was 45.4%, and the average fresh and dry forage yield of the plot (8 m2) were 5268.5 (6585.6 kg ha-1) and 2831.5 g (3539.4 kg ha-1), respectively. Traits of plant establishment percentage, plant density, average canopy cover, dry and fresh forage yield showed a significant difference (p < /em>≤0.05) between fall and spring sowing; however, the difference between line sowing and seeding methods and the interaction effects of time and planting method was not significant for the traits studied. The forage yield showed a significant positive correlation with plant height, plant weight, main stem number per plant, plot green cover percentage, plant vigor rate, and dry to fresh weight ratio of forage (p≤0.01), and also a significant positive correlation with plant density in plot and average plant canopy diameter (p≤0.05). Based on the results of the regression of forage yield as an independent variable on other traits, the plant fresh weight, plant height, and established plants percentage in the plot showed the highest contributions in the forage yield. This result indicates the high and direct impact of these traits as the main components of forage yield. In general, considering the relative superiority of plant establishment percentage and average forage yield in fall planting and line sowing method compared to spring sowing and seeding method, as the final result, fall seeding of this species in Sanandaj and similar areas is recommended.
Bayazid Yousefi; Ali Ashraf Jafari
Volume 21, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 549-561
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on sainfoin ecotypes using two randomized complete block designs with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The pooled analysis of variance showed significant differences between irrigated and rainfed conditions ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on sainfoin ecotypes using two randomized complete block designs with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The pooled analysis of variance showed significant differences between irrigated and rainfed conditions for most of the traits, indicating significant impact of drought stress. Higher values were obtained for dry forage yield as well as most of the traits under irrigated condition as compared to the rainfed condition. The average number of plant and main stem per plot, (p≤ 0.01) and dry forage yield (p≤0.05) showed significant differences among the ecotypes of sainfoin. The interaction effect between ecotype x environment was not significant for the studied traits. The highest dry forage was recorded for the ecotypes of 14, 19, 48, 25 and 3, with a production of 299.5, 289.1, 266.9, 266.1 and 249.4 g per plot (2m2), respectively. A positive significant correlation (p≤0.01) was found between dry forage yield and number of plants and stems per plot, plant vitality, plant height, and total ash while dry forage yield showed a negative significant correlation with leaf to stem ratio (p ≤ 0.01) and days to flowering (p ≤ 0.05). Stepwise regression results showed that dry weight, number of plants per plot, vitality, days to flowering, and plant height were the main components of dry forage yield (R2=91). There was no direct associatin between cluster analysis grouping and geographical origin of ecotypes
Farhang Ghasriani; Bayazid Yusefi
Volume 13, Issue 4 , February 2007, , Pages 394-401
Abstract
Annual medics which have rapid growth rate, high forage yielding, various growing habits, form a tick growing cover which reduces run-off, soil erosion and increase soil moisture and soil fertility, therefore it may replace the wheat-fallow system. This study was conducted to achieve this purpose in ...
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Annual medics which have rapid growth rate, high forage yielding, various growing habits, form a tick growing cover which reduces run-off, soil erosion and increase soil moisture and soil fertility, therefore it may replace the wheat-fallow system. This study was conducted to achieve this purpose in Sanandaj Research Station of Kurdestan province at the altitude of 1340 m with average precipitation of 462 mm. A randomized complete block design with four replications and five different seed rates of 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 kg/ha for Medicago rigidula were applied in two years. The data were collected and analyzed for forage yield of different rates. The results of combined analyses showed that increasing one kilogram seeds resulted in 67.5 kg/ha increase of forage production, we suggested that using 14 kg/ha seeds of Medicago rigidula is preferable.