Abbas Darini; Mohammad Jafari; Ali Tavili; Hosein Arzani; Seyed Akbar Javadi
Volume 30, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 318-334
Abstract
Background and objectives Although man-made biochars positively affect soil properties and plant performance, their preparation and use, especially on a large scale, are costly. On the other hand, mineral biochar can be considered an alternative method. However, there is no information about the ...
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Background and objectives Although man-made biochars positively affect soil properties and plant performance, their preparation and use, especially on a large scale, are costly. On the other hand, mineral biochar can be considered an alternative method. However, there is no information about the effect of this type of biochar and its method of use on soil characteristics and plant performance. Materials and methods Effect of levels of 0 (control), 5, 12, and 25% of mineral biochar (obtained from the mine of Koohbanan city, Kerman province) in three forms of use (including mixed with surface soil, mixed with deep bottom soil, and mixed with total volume soil) on the vegetative performance of bush Fortuynia bungei, shrub Calligonum comosum and tree Ziziphus spina-christi were evaluated in a completely randomized factorial design in the nursery during four months. Cultivation operations in two stages included the germination section (without biochar) and studying the treatments' effects on the species' vegetative characteristics. The seeds were planted in pots containing 100 grams of sand. After sprouting the seedlings and their three to five leaves, one seedling was selected from each pot and transferred to larger pots containing biochar. The amount of water required was determined based on the measurement of soil field capacity. Seedling characteristics were measured at 20-day intervals for four months, and biomass production was measured at the end of the experimental period. At the end of the test period, some soil properties were examined, including organic carbon, total nitrogen, absorbable phosphorus, absorbable potassium, acidity, and electrical conductivity. Results The application of different levels and the manner of using biochar to the evaluated characteristics showed that the most noticeable effect was related to the level of biochar. In other words, although using biochar or the cultivated species resulted in varying results, the amount of biochar had the greatest effect on the evaluated characteristics. The findings showed the effect of higher levels of biochar and the mixture of biochar with the total soil volume on plant species performance (Sig.0.005). Also, the species performed differently, so C. comosum had the highest growth height (65 cm), and F. bungei had the lowest growth height (19 cm). The method of using biochar also had a significant effect on plant biomass, so the highest biomass was related to F. bungei (9.2 grams) under the influence of 25% biochar mixed with the entire soil profile. The levels of biochar or plant species alone affected soil properties. However, the combined effect of the species and the level of biochar used on soil properties was not noticeable. With the application of 25% of biochar, nitrogen (from 0.14 to 0.25%), organic matter (0.88 to 4.1%), and electrical conductivity (0.76 to 1.33 dS/m) showed the most changes (Sig.<0.001). Conclusion By increasing biochar levels, improved soil properties and plant performance were observed. On the other hand, biochar application affects plant performance depending on species. The method of using biochar also significantly changed the performance of cultivated plants so that, considering the economic discussion of using biochar, its mixture with the entire soil profile leads to higher production than mixing biochar with surface or deep soil. However, more studies are needed regarding biochar's effect on soil properties and plant performance.
Shadi Hazhir; Reza Erfanzadeh; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 28, Issue 3 , October 2021, , Pages 410-423
Abstract
Soil and plants in natural ecosystems are always interacting with each other. The different structure and characteristics of plant species in an area in the long term affect environmental variables, especially on the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different plant species, ...
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Soil and plants in natural ecosystems are always interacting with each other. The different structure and characteristics of plant species in an area in the long term affect environmental variables, especially on the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different plant species, Astragalus myriacanthus and Acantholimon spinosum, on some soil chemical properties in the different spatial locations. Soil sampling in early fall 2018 by randomly selecting 20 replicates (10 individuals of each species) from four locations (upward slope edge, downward slope edge, center and outside (as control)) in sycamore rangelands Naz, Yazd province, was done and a total of 80 soil samples were collected. Then, chemical properties of the soil including pH, EC, total organic matter (TOM), particulate organic matter (POM) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured in the laboratory. The effect of plant presence on soil properties showed that the parameters of organic matter (mean 1.66%), total nitrogen (mean 0.22%), electrical conductivity (mean 368.97 Ms / cm) and POM (with an average of 1.28%) in beneath A. myriacanthus significantly more than the soil outside the floor (with averages of 0.92%, 0.13%, Ms / cm 139.5, 58, respectively (P <0.05). TN and POM in upslope edge were significantly higher than other edges. In A. spinosum, there were no significsnt differences of TOM (1.77%), TN (0.23%), EC (215.46 Ms/cm) and pH (7.97) in beneath with outside the canopy. While the POM with an average of 1.49% had the highest amount under the canopy relative to the outside soil as well as other sampling sides. In general, this study expresses the different role of different cushion plants on the chemical and qualitative characteristics of the soil, which by recognizing this role can help to improve, develop and maintain their habitats.
Eshagh Omidvar; Hossein Arzani; Saeed Mohtashamnia; Seyed Akbar Javadi; Mohammad Jafary
Volume 28, Issue 1 , April 2021, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Regardless of rangeland plant production, it is not possible to plan and manage livestock and rangeland. Attention to rangeland forage production is essential for efficient and effective rangeland management. This importance is determined by identifying the relationship between forage ...
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Regardless of rangeland plant production, it is not possible to plan and manage livestock and rangeland. Attention to rangeland forage production is essential for efficient and effective rangeland management. This importance is determined by identifying the relationship between forage production of plants and climatic variables which affect them in the field. For this purpose, the annual forage production values of rangeland index species were measured in Omidabad Eastern site during the years of 1998-2008 for 10 years in the national plan for rangeland assessment of different climatic zones and their re-measurement during the years of 2017-2018 for two years by cutting and weighing in 60 random plots of two square meters along four 300-meter tracts. The amount of rainfall and monthly temperature in this time interval were also calculated using the data of Abadeh meteorological station in all months separately each year. The amount of annual dry forage production of each species as a dependent variable and the amount of rainfall and temperature calculated as independent variables and relationships between them were investigated using a linear multivariate regression program in SPSS software. The results showed that rainfall, winter, and fall temperatures had a significant effect on species production and spring rains as well as the temperature of the growing season, in April and May, alone did not affect the forage production of the species and based on the results research, with the availability of rainfall and temperature data, the annual forage production of the studied species and the annual production of the coming years can be estimated with high accuracy.
Ali Yazdanpanahi; Khaled Ahmadaali; Mohammad Jafari; Salman Zare
Volume 27, Issue 3 , October 2020, , Pages 421-432
Abstract
Nowadays, the addition of bio-charcoal to soils, as a way for carbon sequestration in the soil, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, improving soil fertility, and reducing wind erosion, has attracted much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate ...
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Nowadays, the addition of bio-charcoal to soils, as a way for carbon sequestration in the soil, reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, improving soil fertility, and reducing wind erosion, has attracted much attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar application on yield and components of Haloxylon species in a randomized complete block design with soil additive factors including mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (consumption of 50 g of mycorrhiza and non-consumption of mycorrhiza), natural charcoal, and biochar produced from municipal waste compost at four levels (0, 50, 150 and 250 g / kg soil of dry soil), in the greenhouse of the Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran for nine months. The results showed that the addition of biochar had no significant effect on any of the morphological characteristics of Haloxylon persicum except root surface. The results also indicated that the average collar diameter, height, root area, fresh and dry weight of Haloxylon aerial parts in mycorrhiza-free treatments increased 31.9%, 35.7%, 15.5%, 56.9%, and 32.6%, respectively, and in mycorrhiza treatments, these characteristics increased by 4.7, 16.1, 11.1, 33.4, and 6.7%, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. Among the treatments studied, treatment nine (soil + 150 g natural charcoal + 250 g municipal waste compost) had the most positive effect on the morphological characteristics of Haloxylon.
Shima Javadi; Gholam Reza Zehtabian; Mohammad Jafari; Hassan Khosravi; Azam Abolhasani
Volume 27, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 248-261
Abstract
Regarding population growth, increasing agricultural land is necessary to provide food and meet existing needs. This issue has led to land degradation because of mismanagement and excessive exploitation. Therefore, much research must be done to determine whether agriculture leads to land degradation ...
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Regarding population growth, increasing agricultural land is necessary to provide food and meet existing needs. This issue has led to land degradation because of mismanagement and excessive exploitation. Therefore, much research must be done to determine whether agriculture leads to land degradation or not. Regarding the importance of this issue in arid and semi-arid regions, the Eshtehard region was selected as the study area in this research. Different maps of the area including soil map, altitudes, and land-use were prepared using ArcGIS 9.3 and ENVI software. After visiting the area and determining the main land-uses including rangeland (as control sample), fallow lands, monoculture lands, multicultural lands, and garden lands, soil sampling was carried out in two depths of 0-30 and 30-60 centimeters with three replications for each treatment. Finally, 35 soil samples were transferred to the laboratory, and soil degradation factors such as salinity, sodium, sodium adsorption ratio, and acidity were measured in each soil sample. After determining the normality of the data using the Shapiro test, the study of factors with non-parametric Tukey test showed that there was a significant difference between treatments in the region. Then, a comparison of surface and subsurface layers for each factor was done using a t-test in SPSS software. The results showed that multicultural treatment with the highest score was the most desirable treatment and fallow treatment with the lowest score was the most undesirable treatment, leading to soil degradation in the region.
Farhad Fakhri; Mohammad jafari; Mohammadhosein Mahdian; Hosein Azarnivand
Volume 12, Issue 3 , August 2019, , Pages 235-248
Mohammadreza Rahdari; Hasan Ahmadi; Ali Tavili; Mohammad Jafari; Aliakbar Nazari Samani; mohammad khosroshahi; Shahrooz Sharifi
Volume 26, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 226-240
Abstract
Due to vast desert area in Iran, wind regime studies are important for the railway safe design as well as aeolian sediment transport. In this study wind regime and sand drift potential (DP) were calculated with Fryberger method in nine meteorological stations located near to the Qom –Tehran railway ...
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Due to vast desert area in Iran, wind regime studies are important for the railway safe design as well as aeolian sediment transport. In this study wind regime and sand drift potential (DP) were calculated with Fryberger method in nine meteorological stations located near to the Qom –Tehran railway (178 km). For this reason, hourly wind speed and direction data were analyzed. Annual wind roses showed that West and Northwest winds were predominantly about 40%, 50%, 42% and 57% at the stations of Tehran, Shahriyar, Qom, and Imam Khomeini airport, respectively. The highest amount of sand drift potential was at the Imam Airport station (DP= 574, UDI=0.8) in the west and its lowest value was at Qom station (DP= 109, UDI= 0.47) in the south of the region. The drift potential (DP) for aeolian deposits was generally high (DP >400) in the Garmsar (DP= 481), Salafchegan (DP= 485), Saveh (DP= 552) and Imam Khomini airport (DP=574) climatological stations. DP was relatively moderate (200>DP>400) at the Shariyar and Kahak stations in the northwest and south of study area, respectively; and weak (DP<200) in the Tehran and Qom climatological stations. There was an increasing trend in the transport of sand when moving from Namakzar railway station to the Imam Khomeini railway station. Also field evaluations indicated the sensitivity of the Separ Rostam-Namakzar block to entry of sand, which was 21.3 kilometers long. Finally, it is suggested to railway directors of the Islamic Republic of Iran to proceed with the assessment of sand drift potential near railways station for control of sand deposition.
Javad Moetamedi; Hosein Arzani; Mohammad Jafari; Mehdi Farahpour; Mohammad Ali Zarechahouki
Volume 26, Issue 1 , June 2019, , Pages 241-259
Abstract
The calculation of the grazing capacity requires the consideration of factors affecting it. Due to the effective factors, the long-term grazing capacity model was designed, and then the capacity of the rangelands was calculated. Grazing capacity was calculated by the proposed ...
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The calculation of the grazing capacity requires the consideration of factors affecting it. Due to the effective factors, the long-term grazing capacity model was designed, and then the capacity of the rangelands was calculated. Grazing capacity was calculated by the proposed model in four steps including estimating the average good production, calculation of available metabolic energy, the daily requirement of the animal unit and grazing capacity. Due to the drought condition of habitats and fluctuation of forage production in different years, one cannot calculate grazing capacity with once production measurement for the long-term. Hence, the average good production of habitats was determined and based on that, long-term grazing capacity was calculated. The average good production of Golestan Kouh, Vardast, and Pashmakan habitats in the statistical period of 6-7 years was estimated to be 425, 233.8 and 343.3 kg/ha, which are related to normal years in terms of rainfall. The grazing capacity of habitats in a quarterly period of four months was calculated to be 0.8, 0.3 and 0.5 animal unit per hectare so that if there is a drought for 12 consecutive months, there will be no damage to vegetation. Meanwhile, there is not much damage to the beneficiary and he will not have to sell too much of his livestock. The area needed for grazing of an animal unit in the rangelands was suggested to be 1.3, 3.3 and 2 hectare. This amount is recommended to be one hectare for a 30-year period based on a common method in range management plans. This indicates the need to pay attention to the factors affecting the grazing capacity and emphasizes the application of the proposed model in order to calculate the rangeland capacity.
Mohammad Ali Zare Chahooki; Narges Naseri Hesar; Mohammad Jafary
Volume 25, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 298-309
Abstract
The study was performed with the aim of modeling the distribution habitats of Eshtehard rangelands using Maximum Entropy Method and determining the factors affecting each habitat. Vegetation and environmental data including soil characteristics and topography were collected. ...
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The study was performed with the aim of modeling the distribution habitats of Eshtehard rangelands using Maximum Entropy Method and determining the factors affecting each habitat. Vegetation and environmental data including soil characteristics and topography were collected. The initial map was prepared based on slope, elevation and direction maps and satellite images. At each site, three transects with a length of 750 m were established, two transects along the most important environmental gradients and one transect perpendicular to them. A number of 45 plots along each transect was placed at a distance of 50 meters. The size of plot sampling was determined to be two square meters according to the type and distribution of plant species with minimal area method. Soil profiles were dug at the beginning and end of each transect. Sampling was done from the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-80 cm. The list of species and the percentage of vegetation in each plot were determined. For each sampling unit, the latitude and longitude data, slope, direction, and elevation were also determined. Then the desired characteristics were measured in the laboratory. GIS and Geostatistics methods were used to map the environmental variables. The species distribution models were produced using the species presence data and Maximum Entropy Method (Maxent). The Kappa coefficient index and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the distribution maps. The agreements of actual and predicted maps for Pteropyrum olivieri was well (K=0/7) and it was acceptable for Halocnemum strobilaceum, Salsola richteri-Artemisia sieberi, Artemisia sieberi, Artemisia sieberi–Stipa barbata (K=0/66, 0/64, 0/57, 0/66).
saeid shojaei; Mohammad Jafary
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 441-454
Abstract
Limitations of water resources in the country and allocating a large share of water to agriculture section and natural resources is considered as an essential and vital matter to increase the efficiency of consumption and saving water. In this context, using modern technology with the use of some additive ...
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Limitations of water resources in the country and allocating a large share of water to agriculture section and natural resources is considered as an essential and vital matter to increase the efficiency of consumption and saving water. In this context, using modern technology with the use of some additive materials like supplements to the soil can play a major role in reducing drought stress in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, the effect of ABSAR supplement was investigated on physiological features of “Panicum eruciferum” species. Greenhouses were used to increase the accuracy of the culture medium. Treatments used in this study were included normal irrigation, ABSAR supplement at two concentrations (1/10000, 1/6000) and three times of irrigation (one-day, three- day and six-day). The results showed that ABSAR supplement at a concentration of 1/10000 increased root length, stem length, root and stem dry weight as well as root specific weight. Using ABSAR also increased the irrigation intervals. However, the supplement at a concentration of “1/6000” caused a significant difference in increasing the ratio of root to stem length. Irrigation with ABSAR supplement at a concentration of “1/10000” and “1/6000” had no significant effect on the ratio of root-to-shoot dry weight. The ratio of root- to-shoot length and the ratio of root-to-shoot dry weight increased with increasing of stress from daily irrigation to every six-day irrigation.
saeed shojaee; Mohammad Jafari; Mina Arast
Volume 23, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 719-728
Abstract
Developing countries are looking for modern technology with the use of supplements to increase the production efficiency by reducing drought stress and water saving. In this study, the effects of Abyar supplement on the shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry weight was measured. The Abyar supplement ...
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Developing countries are looking for modern technology with the use of supplements to increase the production efficiency by reducing drought stress and water saving. In this study, the effects of Abyar supplement on the shoot and root length, and shoot and root dry weight was measured. The Abyar supplement was performed for Atriplex canesence at three concentrations (1/10000, 1/6000, 1/2000) and three irrigation periods (every day, every three days, every six days). The results showed that Abyar supplement at a concentration of 1/10000 was the best treatment in increasing the shoot and root length. The Abyar supplement at concentrations of 1/10000, 1/6000 and 1/2000 with a daily irrigation period had the highest effect on increased root length. There was just a significant difference between the treatments of 1/10000 and 1/2000 at 5% probability level. According to the results of Tukey test, the highest rate of growth was recorded for the Abyar supplement at a concentration of 1/10000 with an irrigation period of every day and every six days and Abyar supplement at a concentration of 1/6000 in three periods (every day, every three and six days). In all treatments, the root weight decreased by increasing plant irrigation period. This supplement leads to the better growth of Atriplex canesence by increasing plant resistance to drought stress and more moisture retention in the plant organs.
Mina Arast; Gholamreza zehtabian; Mohammad Jafari; hasan khosravi; saeed shojaee
Volume 23, Issue 3 , January 2017, , Pages 543-554
Abstract
The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and ...
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The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and electrical conductivity. Therefore, five study sites were selected. The treatments consisted of control, irrigation with saline water, brackish water, and wastewater as well as mixed irrigation of wastewater and saline water. Five profiles were dug in the study sites. In each profile, two samples were taken from two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The results showed that irrigating with wastewater led to improved soil properties in terms of organic matter and bulk density, as compared with other treatments. There was no significant difference in pH among all treatments. However, the amount of Electrical Conductivity of saline water in surface and deep layers of soil was 17.57 ds/m and 5.5 ds/m, respectively. This large difference between the two depths in saline water treatment represents the EC downward trend from surface to depth. This trend was constant for the brackish water and wastewater treatments.
Narges Naseri Hesar; Mohammad ali Zare chahouki; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 310-299
Abstract
Spatial correlation is the first step in the interpolation of field data and mapping of soil properties.The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of two spatial statistics methods i.e., Kriging and inverse distance weighting for mapping of soil properties. Five sampling units were selected ...
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Spatial correlation is the first step in the interpolation of field data and mapping of soil properties.The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of two spatial statistics methods i.e., Kriging and inverse distance weighting for mapping of soil properties. Five sampling units were selected in the region, and the location of soil profiles was so determined to cover the whole area. In each unit, six profiles and totally 30 soil profiles were dug in the whole area. Soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-20 cm and 20-80cm. Soil variables including gravel, clay, silt, lime, organic matter, pH and EC were measured in both soil depths. In the GS+ software, the accuracy of two spatial statistics methods was tested using cross validation with the help of two statistical parameters: MAE and MBE. According to the results, MAE and MBE, related to the Kriging method, for the majority of soil parameters, are less than that of inverse distance weighting method; therefore, Kriging is a more accurate method to interpolate soil properties.
Maedeh Nasri; Mehdi Ghorbani; mohammad jafari; Hosein Azarnivand; Hamed Rafiee
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 403-396
Abstract
One of the major factors driving ecosystem destruction and various environmental problems such as carbon cycle distortion, which in its turn leads to higher greenhouse gas emission, is ignoring and not specifying different ecosystem services and functions such as carbon sequestration in environmental ...
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One of the major factors driving ecosystem destruction and various environmental problems such as carbon cycle distortion, which in its turn leads to higher greenhouse gas emission, is ignoring and not specifying different ecosystem services and functions such as carbon sequestration in environmental planning and investments and the consequent damages of these neglected functions. Thus, quantification of these functions and services and attempting to determine their economic values financially is more important than ever. The present study seeks to estimate the amount of stocked carbon and produced oxygen by biomass of Mallard County rangelands. Economic valuation of stocked carbon function was carried out by carbon tax method and economic valuation of produced oxygen was done through replacement cost method. It was found out that total carbon storage in the pilot area was 2.43 tons/hectare and the amount of supplied oxygen was 2 tons/ hectare. Overall, carbon stock function was estimated to be equal to 255658701 billion$ and oxygen supply was estimated to be 13290338850 billion $.
Ahmadreza Panahian; Hamidreza Naseri; Majid Karimpour Reyhan; Mohamad Jafari; Seyed Alireza Hoseini
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 128-137
Abstract
Carbon absorption by plant tissues and sequestration in soil is one of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cultivation of plants and proper management lead to increased biomass of native plants, increased photosynthesis level and carbon adsorption as well as increasing the amount ...
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Carbon absorption by plant tissues and sequestration in soil is one of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cultivation of plants and proper management lead to increased biomass of native plants, increased photosynthesis level and carbon adsorption as well as increasing the amount of carbon input to soil.Roadside is among the areas having the ability to absorb carbon with a high ecological potential. The aim of this research was to measure the carbon storage in the sagebrush stands of the Eyvanakey-Garmsar roadside. For this purpose, 10 plots of 120 square meters were randomly established along three transects of 1,000 meters. In each plot, soil profiles were dug at the foot of the plants and the space between them, and soil samples were taken at three depths of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-50 cm in five replications. According to the obtained results, the total carbon sequestration in the soil profile was calculated to be 59.518 tons per hectare, and the total organic carbon stored in the aboveground and underground biomass of sagebrush was equal to 340.8 kg per hectare. To increase carbon sequestration in rangelands, the applied ecosystem management options must be based on three criteria including soil, biomass, and litter. Overall, plant cultivation in the roadside will result in reduced erosion and noise pollution as well as creating ecological corridor, landscape, and microclimate.
Morteza Hoseini |Tavasol; Hosein arzani; manoocher farajzadeh asl; Mohamad Jafari; sasan babayee kafaki; asghar kohandel
Volume 22, Issue 4 , March 2015, , Pages 615-624
Abstract
This research was aimed to monitor the vegetation changes in the rangelands of Alborz province during 2000-2011 using satellite images as well as determining its relationship with climatic factors including average rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity. According to the results, the highest NDVI ...
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This research was aimed to monitor the vegetation changes in the rangelands of Alborz province during 2000-2011 using satellite images as well as determining its relationship with climatic factors including average rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity. According to the results, the highest NDVI was recorded for Taleghan followed by Savojbolagh and Karaj, and then Eshtehard and Karaj with less significant difference. Based on the obtained model, the rainfall of November, December, January, February, and average annual rainfall had the most positive impact on the growth of range plants, while other factors including temperature and relative humidity had no significant relationship with the vegetation of the study period. According to the trend of vegetation changes, the amount of vegetation has been reduced after year 2000 and it has increased again in 2011.
Behruz Rasuoli; Bahram Amiri; Mohammad Jafari; Mohammad hasan Assareh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 505-514
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of different NaCl and Na2SO4 concentrations, including (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM), on germination and initial growth of Seidlitzia rosmarinus. Germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, radicle length, and ...
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This study was carried out to determine the effect of different NaCl and Na2SO4 concentrations, including (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM), on germination and initial growth of Seidlitzia rosmarinus. Germination percentage, germination rate, germination index, seed vigor index, radicle length, and plumule length were measured. Our results showed that the most of studied characters were severely inhibited at high concentration of NaCl and Na2SO4. The results revealed that the effects of the same concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 on radicle, plumule and plant length were significantly different, but germination percentage, germination rate, germination index and seed vigor index did not show significant differences. In general, the results indicated that Seidlitzia rosmarinus was more sensitive to Na2SO4 than NaCl and it could be considered asa chlorophyte halophyte.
Bahram Amiri; Mohammad hasan Assareh; Mohammad Jafari; Behruz Rasuli; Ali ashraf Jafari
Volume 19, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 233-243
Abstract
Salinity is one of the main expanding constraints in lands under cultivation. Therefore, the ability of plants to survive under such a condition is important for ecological distribution of the species and agricultural development. Despite extensive research in this area, there are still many issues associated ...
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Salinity is one of the main expanding constraints in lands under cultivation. Therefore, the ability of plants to survive under such a condition is important for ecological distribution of the species and agricultural development. Despite extensive research in this area, there are still many issues associated with salt tolerance of plants. In this research, germination and seedling growth of two native species of Salicornia herbacea and Alhagi persarum were evaluated under different salinity levels. Seeds of these species were treated by different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 in a growth chamber for 45 days. According to the results, germination and seedling growth of both species showed significant differences at in different salinity levels. Up to 200 mM and 150 mM NaCl, no significant differences were recorded for Salicornia herbacea and Alhagi persarum, respectively. In contrast, increment of sodium sulphate up to 100-150 m M, increased seedling growth and germination of Salicornia herbacea. While, a drastic decrease of germination was recorded for Alhagi persarum at 50 mM sodium sulphate. In general, it could be stated that Salicornia herbacea was more resistant to salinity.
Ali Ehsani; Hosein Arzani; Mahdi Farahpur; Hassan Ahmadi; Mohammad Jafari; Mortezah Akbarzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
In this study, potential and actual evapotranspiration were estimated by Penman- Matis using climatic data of Saveh Station, and plant and soil characteristics were estimated by Cropwat 8.0 software. Our results showed that potential evapotranspiration in growing season was 6.16 times greater than the ...
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In this study, potential and actual evapotranspiration were estimated by Penman- Matis using climatic data of Saveh Station, and plant and soil characteristics were estimated by Cropwat 8.0 software. Our results showed that potential evapotranspiration in growing season was 6.16 times greater than the average of actual evapotranspiration. Actual evapotranspiration was 1.18 times greater than the average precipitation of growing season. It means that plant species have used the stored moisture for actual evapotranspiration. According to the estimation of actual evapotranspiration in a ten-year period, a model was provided for forage production as Ya= 74.30+ 2.698 (ETact). Accordingly, average forage production of the studied site was estimated as 257 kg/hec. It could be said that actual evapotranspiration as an index for climate yield is one of the fundamental factors in improving water use efficiency. Application of the mentioned climate index in different estimation models of long term forage production could be considered in order to determine the rangeland grazing capacity and developing rangeland insurance as a replacement for the usual methods of production.
Ehssan Zandi Esfahan; Mohammad Jafari; S.Jamal.. Khajedin; Hossein Azarnivand
Volume 18, Issue 2 , September 2011, , Pages 202-218
Abstract
To study soil salinization and its amplitude due to the planting of Haloxylon ammodendron in Segzi plain of Isfahan, ordination method was used. The study was performed through stratified random sampling. Six regions were separated on the basis of different physiognomy and the year of Haloxylon ammodendron ...
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To study soil salinization and its amplitude due to the planting of Haloxylon ammodendron in Segzi plain of Isfahan, ordination method was used. The study was performed through stratified random sampling. Six regions were separated on the basis of different physiognomy and the year of Haloxylon ammodendron planting (successful and unsuccessful regions). In each region, 10 coeval individuals of Haloxylon ammodendron were selected, and plant characteristics including, height, canopy cover area, canopy cover perimeter, canopy cover diameter and basal area were measured. Three profiles were also dug in each region and five chemical soil properties i.e. EC, Na+, Cl-, K+ and SAR were measured in five horizons. Data were analyzed by means of ordination method. The results indicated that soil salinization was extremely high in successful planting regions of Haloxylon ammodendron where there was no limitation for root extension. Consequently, in these regions, the absorption of water and minerals, the growth of plant characteristics and finally the amount of litter fall to the soil surface were significantly higher than that in unsuccessful planting regions of Haloxylon ammodendron. Hence the role of Haloxylon ammodendron in soil salinization of its stratum was proved. On the other hand, the results showed that the range of soil salinization was only restricted to the first and second horizons (0-30 and 30-60 centimeters from the soil surface) and other horizons had not been affected by the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron.
Hosein Azarnivand; Ali Tavili; Ali Sadeghi Sangdehi; Mohammad Jafari; Mohamad ali Zare Chahouki
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 372-383
Abstract
Understanding ecological needs of range species is of utmost importance for range managers in conservation and utilization of rangeland ecosystems. The current research was conducted to find out ecological characteristics of Astragalus squarrosus in Kashan. In each study area, soil sampling was performed ...
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Understanding ecological needs of range species is of utmost importance for range managers in conservation and utilization of rangeland ecosystems. The current research was conducted to find out ecological characteristics of Astragalus squarrosus in Kashan. In each study area, soil sampling was performed at depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm along four transects. Vegetation sampling was done in three phonological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed ripening. Soil studies of the mentioned species showed that it mainly grew in soils with sandy loam to loamy sand textures, EC of 0/4 -4/2 ds/m and pH of 7/49 -8/17. According to the results of the vegetation studies, average of the current yield was 78/3 kg/ha and 1322/9 species per hectare was estimated as average of the density of A. squarrosus. Forage quality analysis at three phonological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed ripening showed that the amount of CP and OC were reduced up to 3.6% and 0/82 respectively. Decrease of DMD and ME and increase of ADF values at seed ripening stage was associated with a considerable decrease in palatability and subsequently forage quality.
Hamid Torang zar; Qavam aldin Zahedi; Mohammad Jafari; Hojat ... Zahedi pur
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 384-394
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was finding spatial relationship model of the plant species composition to physico-chemical soil variability, in north-west of Mighan Desert in Arak. According to the condition of the studied habitats, the study was based on a survey of three identified vegetation ...
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The main objective of the present study was finding spatial relationship model of the plant species composition to physico-chemical soil variability, in north-west of Mighan Desert in Arak. According to the condition of the studied habitats, the study was based on a survey of three identified vegetation types. Sampling method for vegetation study was randomized systematic. Quadrate size was determined for each vegetation type using minimal area method. Soils sample were taken from 0-20 and 20-100 cm depths. The measured soil factors included, EC, organic matter, texture, lime, gypsum, available moisture, pH, and soluble ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Co32- , H-Co3, Cl-, So42). The classification of vegetation was analyzed by TWINSPAN and DCA methods. To determine the most edaphically effective factors in distribution of vegetation, PCA and CCA were applied. Three main vegetation groups were identified by TWINSPAN analysisand DCA. The result indicated that soil salinity, soil texture, lime, and soluble ions (Mg2+, So42) played the main role in the distribution of plant species.
fahimeh Arab; Ali- Ashraf Jafari; Mohammad- Hassan Assareh; Mohammad Jafari; Ali Tavili
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 17-31
Abstract
Agropyron deserterum andAg. elongatum species have a high value for both fresh and dry forage and because of high production and top acceptance by livestock they have specific value in the beginning of the growth season for livestock grazing. This research was conducted to study the effects of ...
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Agropyron deserterum andAg. elongatum species have a high value for both fresh and dry forage and because of high production and top acceptance by livestock they have specific value in the beginning of the growth season for livestock grazing. This research was conducted to study the effects of salinity stress on the mentioned species in germination and vegetative growth stages. A completely randomized design including five levels of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl and CaCl2 with 4 replications was used. Seeds were sown in laboratory and germination percentage, germination velocity, vigor index, plumule and radicle length and seedling dry weight were calculated. In greenhouse condition, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, dry weight to fresh weight ratio, leaf area and specific leaf area were measured. According to the results, in both studied species germination percentage, plumule and radicle length, seedling dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf area were reduced with increase of salinity. The results showed significant differences between two species for germination percentage and germination velocity (P≤0.01). In both germination and vegetative growth stages, Ag.elongatum was more salt tolerant than Ag.desertorum. The results indicated that Ag.elongatum was more salt tolerant species than Ag.desertorum and it can be recommended for cultivation in moderate saline rangelands.
Behruz Rasouli; Bahram Amiri; Mohammad Hasaan Assareh; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 32-41
Abstract
This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized ...
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This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized and crude protein, ether extract, water percentage, acid detergent fiber, ash, dry matter digestibility and metabolism energy were measured by standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS software in a factorial design. According to the results, interaction effects of growth stages and different ecological sites showed a significant difference for most of the measured factors and they did not follow a regular trend. The results indicated that H. caspica had the highest forage quality in flowering (second stage) while with increase of plant age, crude fiber and ash increased in all the three studied sites. Growing in sever ecological conditions and having high forage quality, H. caspica may be considered for sustainable development plan in saline regions.
Ali Teimouri; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 17, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 21-34
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Based on Food and Agriculture Organization report, more than 40% of Iran’s under Irrigation lands, are against secondary salinity. Nowadays biological methods are widely used to confront, soil salinity ...
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Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Based on Food and Agriculture Organization report, more than 40% of Iran’s under Irrigation lands, are against secondary salinity. Nowadays biological methods are widely used to confront, soil salinity problems. However, significant achievement will take place when plant reserve resources having desired genetically changes, be available. Various resistances against salinity are due to plant genetically variations and selection for just one factor will not be a suitable criteria in measurement of this experimental property. To choose resistant varieties, it is necessary to notice to a set of indexes to create changes in physiology, anatomy, and morphology of plant species. The study of salinity stress on three range plant species of Chenopodiaceae family was the main objective of this experiment. The study conducted in completely random design with factorial experiment and four replications. Experimental treatments were three Salsola species and seven levels of salty water solution containing pure sodium chloride with concentration of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mM. Results of the experiment showed that salinity affected the plants morphological and anatomical characteristics. With increasing salinity rates, some morphological changes such as; leaves falling, chlorosis and succulence were observed. Anatomical changes such as accumulation of crystal salt in mesophyll cells and increasing of trichomes for evapotranspiration decrease and salt exclusion were also observed in the species under study.