Mohammad ali Alizadeh; Aliashraf Jafari; Farid Normand Moaied; Saeed Davzdahemami; Karam Sepahvand; Behrooz Mohammadi
Volume 31, Issue 3 , September 2024, , Pages 205-215
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: Sainfoin is one of the important fodder plants that have a high value for feeding for livestock. This plant is cultivated for both irrigation and dry land farming systems. Many of local populations are sensitive to powdery mildew disease that decrease forage yields ...
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Abstract
Background and objectives: Sainfoin is one of the important fodder plants that have a high value for feeding for livestock. This plant is cultivated for both irrigation and dry land farming systems. Many of local populations are sensitive to powdery mildew disease that decrease forage yields and quality. Feeding of infected plants with powdery mildew by livestock might cause livestock abortion. Sainfoin powdery mildew disease is caused by Leveillula taurica fungus, which appears as necrosis of the leaf tissue and symptom spots on the plants. Contamination of the plant with this disease, especially in its severe condition, leads to a slowdown in the growth of the plant, the small size of the inflorescence, and decrease in the forage yield. The main stage of its damage is in the second and third cuts. This project aimed to evaluate the forage yield and tolerance to powdery mildew of two populations of 15353 and 3001 compared to the native variety in 10 trail locations in the country.
Methodology: The seeds of two populations of 3001 and 15353 were sown along with the native population (susceptible to powdery mildew) as a control in 10 farms including Karaj and Taleghan (Alborz province), BostanAbad, Heris, Sarab, and Varzaghan (East Azerbaijan province), Nikpay and Saramsaghlo (Zanjan province), Dehpir (Lorestan province), and Faridan (Esfahan province) over two years (2018-2020). Data was collected for plant height and forage yield three cuts over two years, and the disease severity index of sainfoin to powdery mildew in the third cut. Since infection of sainfoin to powdery mildews happens in the third cut, so, the Disease Severity Index (DSI) of the two populations of 3001 and 15353 and (control) was evaluated in the third harvest in both years.
Result: According to the evaluation of the DSI of two populations of 3001 and 15353 compared to the native population across ten locations. It was confirmed that both populations of 15353 and 3001 had a DSI below 10%, and therefore they were considered to be tolerant to powdery mildew disease. The native populations in all 10 locations had a DSI with a level of 50%, and they were considered susceptible to powdery mildew. Both 3001 and 15353 populations were tolerant to powdery mildew coupled with higher yield of 1.2 and 1 ton/ha than the control in 10 regions.
Conclusion: According to the results, the two populations of 3001 and 15353 with DSI values lower than 10 % and higher yield were considered as tolerant to powdery mildew disease than to the native population (with a DSI of higher than 50%), in all locations. Then, the farms were visited by experts of the research Institute Seed and Plant Certification and Registration, Karaj, Iran. The two varieties were introduced as new cultivars known Bordbar 1 and Bordbar 2, by the authorities of the Institute. Finally, the two released varieties were suggested for cultivation in both irrigation and dryland farming systems.
Bayzid Yousefi; Sedigheh Zarekia
Volume 29, Issue 4 , January 2023, , Pages 562-578
Abstract
To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among traits of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes belong to five species including Astragalus vegetus. A. brevidens, A. brachyodontus, A. effusus and A. cyclophyllus in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. ...
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To evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships among traits of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes belong to five species including Astragalus vegetus. A. brevidens, A. brachyodontus, A. effusus and A. cyclophyllus in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications were studied. Seed sowing was done in November 2018 and morphological traits of plant in spring 2020 were measured. Analysis of variance released significnant (p≤0.01 and 0.05) difference for milkvetch populations (G) for all studied traits. In 2020 (two years old plants), the mean of plant establishment was about 26%, the number of primary branches was 3.2, plant height, the tallest stem length and crown diameter were 16.9, 19.2 and 15.4 cm respectively, the length and width of the root were 17.4 and 6.2 cm, respectively, the average of fresh weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were 2.3, 1.9 and 0.4 g and the average of dry weights of the whole plant, arial and root parts were were 0.9, 0.7 and 0.2 g respectively, average dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.38. Average of leaflet per leaf was 7.7, so mean of length and width of leaf and leaflet were 7.5, 3.7, 2.3 and 0.5 cm respectively. Up to this stage, the accession of A. effusus Darreh Shohada (West Azerbaijan) and three accession of A. vegetus (Zereshk of Qazvin, Saral of Kurdistan and Qarehbagh of West Azerbaijan) were superior ones in terms of forage production and other studied traits. The weight of the plant was positively correlated with plant vigor, length and width of leaf (p≤0.05) and with plant height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, length and width of root, arial and root weight at 1% probality level. The results of stepwise regression of forage yield on other traits showed that plant weight, establishment percentage, plant height and crown diameter at 1% and the length of leaf and root at 5% probality level (R2adj = 91.1%) were forage yield components. Therefore, in order to achieve higher forage, the genotypes with larger aerial parts and deeper roots should be selected.
Ali Farahani; alireza eftekhari; Hamidreza Mirdavoudi; Gholamreza Goudarzi
Volume 29, Issue 3 , October 2022, , Pages 201-210
Bayzid Yousefi; Sedighe Zarekia
Volume 28, Issue 4 , November 2021, , Pages 759-771
Abstract
Astragalus spp. are valuable in forage production, soil protection, etc. To evaluate the establishment and growth of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes, belonging to five species, including Astragalus vegetus. As.brevidens, As. brachyodontus, As. effusus and As. Cyclophyllus, were ...
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Astragalus spp. are valuable in forage production, soil protection, etc. To evaluate the establishment and growth of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes, belonging to five species, including Astragalus vegetus. As.brevidens, As. brachyodontus, As. effusus and As. Cyclophyllus, were studied in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed sowing was done in November 2018, and traits of plant establishment percentage, vigor, height and diameter of plant crown, number of branches per plant, average fresh and dry weight of the plant, and the ratio of dry to wet weight of the plant in 2019 and 2020 years was measured. According to the combined analysis of variance, the effects of genotype and year for all studied traits and the interaction of year × genotype were significant (p≤0.01) except for the percentage of establishment and the plant vigor for other traits. Results showed that seed germination, probably caused by seed dormancy or a stress tolerance mechanism, was gradual. In 2020, the mean of plant establishment was about 37%, the number of primary branches was 7.3, plant height and crown diameters were 35.2 and 35.9 cm, respectively, plant fresh and dry weight were 68.2 and 39.1g, and the dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.58. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two main components (PC1 and PC2) determined 80% of total variance and genotypes with high forage yield located in the third zone of bi-plot with a negative value of PC1 and mainly positive for PC2. In addition, the accession of As. effusus (West Azerbaijan) and three accessions of As. vegetus (Qazvin, Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan) in terms of adaptation and forage production are introduced as high forage yield and adaptable ones for rehabilitation of rangelands in Kurdistan and similar areas in the country.
Taghi Mirhaji; Morteza Akbarzadeh
Volume 10, Issue 2 , September 2019, , Pages 193-214
Abasali Sanadgol
Volume 12, Issue 1 , August 2019, , Pages 73-80
Mohammad Zamanian
Volume 11, Issue 2 , August 2019, , Pages 213-228
Ali Akbar Ameri; Ali Ashraf Jafari
Volume 23, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 689-703
Abstract
Production of forage protein is limited in arid and semi-arid environments. Grass-legume intercropping could be a viable option to obtain forage with higher protein content. To study the best composition of mixed cropping of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and three grass species (Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron ...
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Production of forage protein is limited in arid and semi-arid environments. Grass-legume intercropping could be a viable option to obtain forage with higher protein content. To study the best composition of mixed cropping of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and three grass species (Agropyron elongatum, Agropyron desertrum and Festuca arundinacea) on vegetative characteristics and forage yield, a two-year experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 in Sisab station of the Natural Resources Research Station of North Khorasan province. The experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors were mix-cropping ratios and sub-factors were two methods of mixed cropping (including mixed and intercropping). Vegetative traits, forage yield, and land equivalency ratio(LER) were determined during the experiment. Data were analyzed by SAS software and means comparisons were made by Duncan's test. Results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of mixed cropping on growth characteristics of alfalfa and grass species was significant. The higher values of the leaf to stem ratio (81.66%) was obtained from mixed cropping of alfalfa 25% + Festuca 75% treatment. The effects of sowing pattern (mixed and row intercropping) on vegetative traits were not significant. The effects of mixed cropping on the yield and LER of both alfalfa and grass forage were significant. The highest amount of dry matter production with average values of 2317 kgh-1 was obtained in mixed cropping of alfalfa 25% + Agropyron elongatum 75%. The highest LER (1.53) was related to the treatment of Festuca 25% + 75% alfalfa in intercropping patterns, representing 53% improvement in land use compared with monocultures of each of species.
Mehrnaz riasat; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Abolreza Nasir zade
Volume 23, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 704-718
Abstract
In order to study of forage yield and quality traits, 19 populations of Elymus hispidus were sown under irrigation condition using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during 2006-2009 in Hosein Abad, Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected and analyzed for spike emergence date, dry matter (DM) yield, ...
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In order to study of forage yield and quality traits, 19 populations of Elymus hispidus were sown under irrigation condition using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during 2006-2009 in Hosein Abad, Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected and analyzed for spike emergence date, dry matter (DM) yield, plant height, stem number, leaf to stem ratio (LSR), and five quality traits as: dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total ash for three years. The results showed significant difference among populations for all traits except total ash. The populations T24, Feriden, Saghez-Ghameshloo, Asadabad and Pashelki-Eghlid with average values of 5458, 5307, 5114, 4696 and 4565 kg/ha had higher annual DM yield. Results of correlation showed positive correlation between stem number with both DM yield and plant height. The correlation between CP/WSC and between DMD /ADF were negatively significant. Using principal component analysis, the first three components determined 67% of the total variation. The spike emergence date, plant height, and DM yield in the first component and CP, WSC and leaf to stem ratio in the second components were the important traits. The 19 genotypes were grouped into three clusters based on Ward cluster analysis method. In terms of forage quantity and quality, Feriden and Ghameshloo (Saghez) populations had higher values as compared with other populations; therefore, these two accessions are recommended for semi-steppe rangelands of Fars province.
Sadeq pourmoradi; Ali Ashraf Jafari
Volume 22, Issue 1 , June 2015, , Pages 121-130
Abstract
In order to study on the variation of forage yield and quality traits among seven accessions of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications in rangelands of Mazandaran province, Iran, in three consecutive years (2003-2005). ...
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In order to study on the variation of forage yield and quality traits among seven accessions of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications in rangelands of Mazandaran province, Iran, in three consecutive years (2003-2005). The data were collected for persistency, growth type and dry matter yield. Seven quality traits including crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total ash were estimated using NIR methods. DMD-yield, WSC-yield and CP-yield were also estimated. Data were analyzed for each year and were combined over years. The means of treatments were comprised using Duncan¢s multiple range test. Results showed that the forage production of accessions 618, 1753 and 324 in each year and the mean of two years were higher as compared to other accessions. As a result, these accessions had higher forage yield, quality and persistency and they were suggested for cultivation in northern Alborz rangelands. Among them, the accession 1753, originated from Urmia, with prostrate growth habit was recognized as the best one for pasture regeneration in northern Alborz rangelands.
Bayazid Yousefi; Ali Ashraf Jafari
Volume 21, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 549-561
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on sainfoin ecotypes using two randomized complete block designs with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The pooled analysis of variance showed significant differences between irrigated and rainfed conditions ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on sainfoin ecotypes using two randomized complete block designs with three replications under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The pooled analysis of variance showed significant differences between irrigated and rainfed conditions for most of the traits, indicating significant impact of drought stress. Higher values were obtained for dry forage yield as well as most of the traits under irrigated condition as compared to the rainfed condition. The average number of plant and main stem per plot, (p≤ 0.01) and dry forage yield (p≤0.05) showed significant differences among the ecotypes of sainfoin. The interaction effect between ecotype x environment was not significant for the studied traits. The highest dry forage was recorded for the ecotypes of 14, 19, 48, 25 and 3, with a production of 299.5, 289.1, 266.9, 266.1 and 249.4 g per plot (2m2), respectively. A positive significant correlation (p≤0.01) was found between dry forage yield and number of plants and stems per plot, plant vitality, plant height, and total ash while dry forage yield showed a negative significant correlation with leaf to stem ratio (p ≤ 0.01) and days to flowering (p ≤ 0.05). Stepwise regression results showed that dry weight, number of plants per plot, vitality, days to flowering, and plant height were the main components of dry forage yield (R2=91). There was no direct associatin between cluster analysis grouping and geographical origin of ecotypes
Mohsen Farshadfar; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Iraj Rezaie; Ezzat allah Farshadfar; Farzad Moradi; Hooshmand Safari
Volume 20, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 182-198
Abstract
Drought resistance of forage yield for 36 accessions of Festuca arundinacea were examined in randomized complete block design with three replications in both irrigated and rainfed environments. Significant variation (P<0.01) for forage dry matter yield was observed between the environments and genotypes. ...
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Drought resistance of forage yield for 36 accessions of Festuca arundinacea were examined in randomized complete block design with three replications in both irrigated and rainfed environments. Significant variation (P<0.01) for forage dry matter yield was observed between the environments and genotypes. The results of mean comparisons showed that accessions 6 (Isfehan), 7 (Isfehan), 15 (Tavankesh), 25 (Australia), 26 (America) and 31 (Australia) had higher values for forage dry matter yield, in both environment conditions. Drought resistance indices of genotypes were measured for forage dry matter yield of two environment conditions including sensitivity to stress index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), drought tolerant index (DTI), harmonic mean (MH) and geometrical mean of productivity (GMP). Variance analysis of drought resistance indices showed that accessions had significant variation (P<0.01). The first and second components from principal component analysis were accounted for 61.5 and 37.7 percent of variation among accessions for drought resistance indices, respectively. The indices of MP, DTI, MH and GMP as well as forage dry matter yield of stress and non-stress environments had the greatest share in first component. Also, these indices showed significant and positive correlation with forage dry matter yield of stress and non-stress environments, and based on these indices, the accession 6 (Esfahan), 7 (Esfahan), 31 (Australia) and 26 (America), showed the most resistance to drought stress. Our results were confirmed by cluster analysis.
Hooshmand Safari; Ali Ashraf Jafari
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 640-654
Abstract
Drought resistance of 24 accessions of Agropyron trichophorum was examined based on forage yield in a complete block design with three replications under normal and dry land farming system. Drought resistance indices of genotypes were measured for forage dry matter yield of two environment conditions ...
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Drought resistance of 24 accessions of Agropyron trichophorum was examined based on forage yield in a complete block design with three replications under normal and dry land farming system. Drought resistance indices of genotypes were measured for forage dry matter yield of two environment conditions including sensitivity to stress index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), drought tolerant index (DTI), mean harmonic (MH) and geometrical mean of productivity (GMP). According to the results of variance analysis of drought resistance indices, significant variation was observed among accessions. Results of mean comparisons showed that genotypes 10 (Semirom), 23 (Mazandaran), 24 (Gorgan), 5 (Chaharmahal), 17 (Yasuj) and 9 (Eghlid) had higher values for forage dry matter yield in both environment conditions. With regard to the drought resistance indices, genotypes 10 (Semirom), 23 (Mazandaran) and 24 (Gorgan), showed the most resistance to drought stress. Obtained results were confirmed by results of cluster analysis and principle component analysis.
Sadegh pourmoradi; Aliashraf Jafari
Volume 17, Issue 4 , November 2011, , Pages 615-623
Abstract
7 accessions of white clover (Trifolium repense L.) were evaluated in view of forage yield and quality traits in rangelands of Mazandaran province. A randomized complete blocks design with three replications was applied in three consecutive years (2003-2005). The data were collected for persistency (based ...
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7 accessions of white clover (Trifolium repense L.) were evaluated in view of forage yield and quality traits in rangelands of Mazandaran province. A randomized complete blocks design with three replications was applied in three consecutive years (2003-2005). The data were collected for persistency (based on gerund cover) and dry matter yield. Six quality Traits as: crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total ash were measured using Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) technology. DMD-yield, WSC-yield and CP- yield were also calculated based on the equations. In the first year (establishment), no harvest was made, but in the second year the forage yield was harvested. In the third year, the varieties had not enough growth and therefore no harvest was made. Data were analyzed and the means of treatments were compared using Duncan¢s multiple range test. According to the results the most vegetation cover persistency was recorded for Chiftan and Tahora, Aran, Avoca, and Tara were placed in next orders respectively. The highest CP-Yield, DMD-Yield and WSC-yield, were also recorded for the varieties of Aran, Grassland, Tara and Chiftan respectively. Mean comparison of dry matter yield also showed that the varieties of Aran, Grassland, and Tara with an average of 2324, 2005 and 1909 kg ha-1 were classified in similar group and had the highest forage yield. Considering all studied factors together (persistency and forage dry matter, CP, DMD and WSC yield), Aran and Tara were identified as the superior accessions for forage production in summer rangelands of Mazandaran province.
Mohammad Hasan vand; Ali ashraf Jafari; Ali Sepahvand; Shahram Nakhjavan
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January 2010, , Pages 517-535
Abstract
In order to compare yield and forage quality, six local genotypes of common vetch (Vicia sativa) were sown in two separate experiments under irrigated and dry land farming system using randomize complete block design with three replications in khorramabad agricultural research station during 2005 and ...
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In order to compare yield and forage quality, six local genotypes of common vetch (Vicia sativa) were sown in two separate experiments under irrigated and dry land farming system using randomize complete block design with three replications in khorramabad agricultural research station during 2005 and 2006. Data were collected for Forage fresh and dry matter (DM) yield, plant height and quality traits as: dry matter digestibility, (DMD), crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total ash. Results of combined analysis showed significant differences between two conditions for all of traits except DMD. The average values of DM (2.76 and 2.35 ton/ha), CP (24.8 and 21.6%), and WSC (10.9 and 12.9%) were obtained for Irrigated and drought condition respectively, indicated higher values of both DM yield and CP and lower values of WSC in Irrigated conditions. Genotype effect was significant for forage yield, plant height, WSC and NDF. Results of correlation coefficients showed that forage yield had positively correlated with plant height, WSC and CF and negatively correlated with CP. Whereas, WSC had positively correlated with DM yield, plant height and DMD and negatively correlated with CP, ADF, NDF and total ash. Using cluster analysis, 6 genotypes were classified into two groups. Using biplot diagram based on 5 droughtresistance indices, six genotypes were scattered. Talarizan (Azna) with average values of 3.1 and 2.7 ton/ha DM yield for optimum and dry condition, respectively had higher values in both conditions and recommended for cultivation in more rainy regions of Lorestan province. Genotypes of Torshabad (Doruod) and Fahre (Aligudarz) with average values 2.55 and 2.72 ton/ha DM yield, respectively for drought condition, were identified as tolerant to dryness and identified for cultivation in dry land farming system. Genotypes of Doruod and Bawki (Azna) with average values of 2.39 and 3.01 ton/ha forage production in irrigated condition recognized as sensitive to dryness and recommended for cultivation in irrigated conditions. Among the productive genotypes, Fahre with average values of 12.74% WSC had good forage quality.
Sadegh Poormoradi; Ali ashraf Jafari
Volume 16, Issue 1 , December 2009, , Pages 22-33
Abstract
In order to study of forage yield, and land equivalent ratio efficiency in pure stands and mix crop of red clover and tall fescue, 7 ecotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 1 ecotype of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were sown in pure stand and 50% clover+50% tall fescue mix cropping using ...
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In order to study of forage yield, and land equivalent ratio efficiency in pure stands and mix crop of red clover and tall fescue, 7 ecotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and 1 ecotype of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were sown in pure stand and 50% clover+50% tall fescue mix cropping using complete block design with 3 replications during 2004 to 2006 in northern Alborz rangelands, Iran. Data were collected and analyzed for each year and combined over two years, using split plot in time design with years as sub plot. Duncan multiple test were used for comparison among treatments. Efficiency of mix cropping was assessed by land equivalent ratio. Results showed significant differences between pure stand and mixture in the fist year, but no significant differences were observed in the second year. The forage production of pure clover, pure fescue and mix crop were 5199, 2078 and 2981 Kg/h in the first year and 3059, 3014 and 3024 in the second year, respectively. Result indicated that tall fescue growth was lower than clover in the first year, but it was dominant to clover in the second year. For pure clover, ecotypes of 1568, 1753, 618 and 2086 with average values of 4300 to 4800 kg/h had higher annual production over two years. The ecotype 1753 originated from Orumieh; with having prostrate growth habit was recognized as the best one for pasture regeneration in northern Alborz rangelands. The mix cropping of clover (2086) and tall fescue, with average values of 4047 and 3987 kg/h forage yield and with average values of 1.09 and 1.18 land equivalent ratios for the first and second year, respectively, introduced for mix cropping with tall fescue.
Abbas ali Sanadgol; Mohammadreza chaichi; Anis Bayani Kalagari
Volume 13, Issue 1 , February 2006, , Pages 62-68
Abstract
For introduction of high forage yielding annual medics in Gorgan plain , three introduced species of Medicago scutellata , Medicago truncatula , Medicago littoralis and two native species of Medicago orbicularis and Medicago polymorpha were investigated for three years in Araghi- mahaleh research station ...
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For introduction of high forage yielding annual medics in Gorgan plain , three introduced species of Medicago scutellata , Medicago truncatula , Medicago littoralis and two native species of Medicago orbicularis and Medicago polymorpha were investigated for three years in Araghi- mahaleh research station of Gorgan region. A randomised complete block design with four replications was applied.The results showed that the forage yields of the investigated species differed during years of trial due to climatic flactuations and genetical properties. The cool and moisture sencetive species could produce more forages in rainy and warm winters. The drought and cool tolerant species such as M.littoralis had more stable forage yield in fluctuated rainfall and temperature conditions. generally,M.scutellata yielded 2083 kg/ha ,while M.polymorpha , M. truncatula , M. orbicularis and M. littoralis produced 1487, 1257.2, 1076 and 979 kg/ha forages respectively.