Reza Siahmansour; Mohammad Fayaz; Saeedeh Nateghi; Rostam Khalifehzadeh; Ali Mohammadian
Volume 26, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 887-903
Abstract
Knowledge of preference value of plant species is one of the essential requirements for determining forage available and consequently, calculation of grazing capacity for rangeland habitats. This project was investigated in 36 species including of 21 perennials and 15 annuals species. For this purpose, ...
Read More
Knowledge of preference value of plant species is one of the essential requirements for determining forage available and consequently, calculation of grazing capacity for rangeland habitats. This project was investigated in 36 species including of 21 perennials and 15 annuals species. For this purpose, during four-years period (2007-2010) in each month of the growing season (spring and summer) film was taken from a non-pregnant and non -lactating unit adult ewes (Lori)for at least 1800 seconds with an average weight of 50 kg inside the flock which were grazing in rangeland. Results indicated that annual grasses such as Boissiera squarrosa, Bromus danthonia, Bromus tectorum, Heteranthelium piliferum had the highest grazing time with a total duration of 3083 seconds compared to other species. Subsequent species including of Agropyron trichophorum with 2594 seconds, Bromus tomentellus with 1232 seconds, Onobrychis melanotricha with 681 seconds, broadleaf herbaceous annual such as Helianthemum ledifolhum, Viciea peregerina, Diplotaxis erucoides, talaspi perfoliatum, Minuartia obtusiloba with 670 second and Hordeum bulbosum with 565 second were ranked in the next. Finally, it was found that annual grasses and shrubs in May, perennial grasses in June, and broadleaf herbaceous annual in July have quite palatable and located in Class I. Also, total grasses and perennial forbs in July, annual forbs and shrubs in May and June have fairly palatable respectively which have located in class (II) and vegetative forms have palatable class III in other months.
Samira Hajipour; Hosein Barani; Hasan Yeganeh; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 531-542
Abstract
Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors effective on soil and vegetation structure and function. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the grazing frequency and intensity in the rangeland in autumn 2015. The statistical population was the heads ...
Read More
Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors effective on soil and vegetation structure and function. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the grazing frequency and intensity in the rangeland in autumn 2015. The statistical population was the heads of tribal families in Kuhdasht city (1038 families), among which 310 heads of households were selected by the Cochran formula in stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires and direct interview containing seven open questions and 17 closed questions. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were approved by a panel of experts and calculating the Cronbach alpha coefficient (above 0.85), respectively. Kendal correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the grazing frequency with the annual mean income and cost of beneficiaries, annual calving of 10 livestock and distance between summer and winter rangelands. There was also a significant relationship between grazing intensity and the annual calving of 10 livestock. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between the index of grazing frequency and intensity in winter rangeland. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also showed that there was no significant difference between index of grazing frequency and intensity with utilization type of rangeland.
Hosein Ahmadi Gotab; Shafagh Rastegar; ghodratollah heydari; Seyed Mojtaba Mojaverian
Volume 25, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 839-852
Abstract
Traditional animal husbandry has the highest share in the exploitation of the country rangelands. Although more than half of the forage required for livestock is supplied from sources other than grazing in rangelands, most pastoralists believe that traditional livestock husbandry is ...
Read More
Traditional animal husbandry has the highest share in the exploitation of the country rangelands. Although more than half of the forage required for livestock is supplied from sources other than grazing in rangelands, most pastoralists believe that traditional livestock husbandry is not economically justified in Iran. Therefore, the current study is a step towards economic analysis of animal husbandry activity, which is dependent on the forage of summer rangelands of Sajjadroodwatershed in Babol during a season of the year. Data related to economic analysis was completed based on a survey method and a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of three allotments with range management plans and three allotments without any range plans. Using the Cochran formula, 82 ranchers were selected as needed samples for this research. In this study, the net profits of ranchers from livestock activities and other socio-economic factors affecting ranchers' income were investigated. The results showed that the profit/cost ratio of traditional husbandry activity was 1.41 and had economic justification. However, there were no significant differences between the profitability of the rangelands with and without plans and between the ranchers with small, medium and large numbers of livestock. In 2016, average net profits per head of each livestock in rangelands with and without plans were 29477.63 and 22130 Rials, respectively that were not statistically significant. According to the results, it was suggested that the best way to improve pastoralists' economic power was providing subsidized forage, low-interest banking facilities, changing in livestock breeding, and establishing pastoral cooperative companies.
seyed Habibian; Hossein barani; Ahmad Abedi; Adel Sepehri
Volume 25, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 475-488
Abstract
Considering the role and importance of rangelands for supplying animal feeds of the nomads, a study was conducted on the Qashqaee-Tribe (Clan Sesh-Boloki) ecosystem during 2014 and 2015 to determine the dependence of their livestock to the feeding sources including rangelands, crop residues and manual ...
Read More
Considering the role and importance of rangelands for supplying animal feeds of the nomads, a study was conducted on the Qashqaee-Tribe (Clan Sesh-Boloki) ecosystem during 2014 and 2015 to determine the dependence of their livestock to the feeding sources including rangelands, crop residues and manual feeding separately in winter and summer seasons/rangelands, and in the wet and dry years. The method for collecting the data was the field survey based on the library review via questionnaires and interviews, respectively. Cochrane’s criterion/methodology was used to determine the sample size. The validity-reliability of the questionnaires was controlled by the conventional methods. The data were collected through filling in questionnaires and interviews with 405 samples from nomadic households. Then, using statistical software, the data were statistically analyzed. According to the results, the animal dependence of families of nomadic clans of Shesh-blouki tribe on various feeding sources (the rangeland, the crop residues, and manual feeding) in the wet and dry years showed a significant difference (P<0.01). The animal of nomadic families studied was 53.36 percent dependent on the rangelands in the wet years, and 34.8 percent in dry years; the dependence on crop residues in the summer rangeland in the wet years was 25.6 percent and in the dry years was 30.5 percent; the livestock dependence on manual feeding in the winter area in the wet years was 20.9 percent and in the dry years was 34.6 percent. Additionally, in this study, it was found that despite the severe degradation of rangelands, the percentage of livestock dependence of nomadic families to the rangelands is still significant and it seems that this issue has led nomads to continue traditional migrations.
seyed Habibian; Hosein Barani; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani; Adel Sepehri
Volume 25, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 399-416
Abstract
Data gathering was done using 405 respondents from nomads and also 45 respondents from well-skilled and knowledgeable experts regarding migration and livestock grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces with the aim of identification and analyzing the most important factors affecting early and ...
Read More
Data gathering was done using 405 respondents from nomads and also 45 respondents from well-skilled and knowledgeable experts regarding migration and livestock grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces with the aim of identification and analyzing the most important factors affecting early and well-timed migration toward summer rangelands in Qashqai nomad (Shesh-Bolooki tribe) ecosystem in 2015. Descriptive and analytic methodology was applied using questionnaire and interview methods. In this study, the views of two respondent groups were assessed using Likert scale (five ordered response levels). Then, they were compared through parametric and non-parametric tests including analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The results showed that there was a significant difference between experts and beneficiaries views with regard to the priority of factors (P<0.01). Based on experts’ views, the lack of enough forage in winter rangelands, early warm weather in winter rangelands, decreasing of precipitation and consecutive droughts, not having grazing license in winter rangelands and degradation of migration route were the most important factors affecting early migration. However, according to the beneficiaries’ views, reduced precipitation and consecutive droughts, not-having grazing license for winter rangelands, lack of enough forage in winter rangelands, lack of health facilities and services on the way from winter rangelands to summer rangelands and competing to reach summer rangelands among the beneficiaries, were introduced as the most important factors affecting early migration. Based upon the experts views, determining migration time by the government in coordination with beneficiaries, establishment of temporary settlements on the way between summer and winter rangelands, controlling the Stipa capensis species in winter rangelands through rangeland improvement plans, assigning rangers for summer rangelands and government support through providing supplementary forage were among the most important factors affecting well timed migration. According to the beneficiaries’ views, existing of suitable forage in winter rangelands, government support through supplementary forage provision, lack of competition between beneficiaries on reaching and exploiting summer rangelands, existing of enough forage in winter rangelands and having enough drinking water in winter rangelands rangelands In this research, it was found that there is a significant correlation between experts views (P <0.01); however, no significant correlation was found between the beneficiaries views.
Morteza Mofidi chelan; hosein Barani; Ahmad Abedi sarvestani; javad Moetamedi; Alireza darban Astane
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2017, , Pages 309-324
Abstract
Evaluation of environmental-ecological sustainability is considered as one of the most important tools in sustainable development planning process. Therefore, attention to this issue is inevitable in policy-making and planning. There are no definite indices in relation to assessing environmental-ecological ...
Read More
Evaluation of environmental-ecological sustainability is considered as one of the most important tools in sustainable development planning process. Therefore, attention to this issue is inevitable in policy-making and planning. There are no definite indices in relation to assessing environmental-ecological sustainability in rangelands and range allotments. Consequently, developing and validating of environmental sustainability evaluation indices in order to assessing sustainability in range allotments seem to be necessary. In the present study, 40 assessing indices of environmental-ecological sustainability were studied through exploratory interviews and literature review and then were subjected to the judgment of university professionals, experts and local elites using questionnaires. For validation and consensus, in addition to descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used. Indices like animal diversity, visual quality, sonic pollution level and air pollution level received low scores due to lack of suitability with rangeland allotments in regional scale. Among the indices, the highest and lowest scores were related to rangeland area and air pollution level, respectively. In the present study, 16 indices, as six components, were introduces, which could be a start point for developing a national model of evaluating sustainability indices, creating database of sustainability indices and quantifying them for obtaining sustainable development in natural resources, especially rangelands. Also, executive organizations could apply these indices for improving rangelands and beneficiaries’ condition as well as moving toward sustainability.
shokoofeh Shokrollahi; Hamidreza Moradi; Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki; Zahra Jabeolansar
Volume 21, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 541-548
Abstract
This study is focused on investigation of plant species distribution in relation to edaphic and physiographic factors. For this purpose, after the initial visit and selection of the study area, 23 land units were selected from overlaying the maps of slope, aspect and height using geographic information ...
Read More
This study is focused on investigation of plant species distribution in relation to edaphic and physiographic factors. For this purpose, after the initial visit and selection of the study area, 23 land units were selected from overlaying the maps of slope, aspect and height using geographic information system (GIS). Within each unit, vegetation sampling was performed with randomized-systematic method along three transects of 100 m length. Ten plots (1m2) were established along each transect at 10 meter intervals. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 centimeter in starting, mean and ending points of each transect. Soil factors such as N, P, organic matter, pH, EC and texture were measured. CANOCO software and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to examine the relationship between species and environmental factors. The first axis of RDA showed a significant correlation with slope, aspect, sand, silt, P, pH and litter, while the second axis had just a significant correlation with EC.
Hamid reza Moradi; Khalag Mirnia; Shadi Lahur poor
Volume 15, Issue 3 , January 2008, , Pages 369-378
Abstract
Rangelands have covered the majority of the continents and 43 percent of the all lands round the world cattle; so, they are very important in production and protection of water resource, soil and plant cover. The vast areas of rangelands of Kurdistan province are grazed by cattle. The main objective ...
Read More
Rangelands have covered the majority of the continents and 43 percent of the all lands round the world cattle; so, they are very important in production and protection of water resource, soil and plant cover. The vast areas of rangelands of Kurdistan province are grazed by cattle. The main objective of this study was to determine the cattle grazing intensities effect on the soil of Charandoo rangelands which is located 23 km north of Sanandaj. Three different grazing site of: reference (light grazing) ere chosen as the study area. Forage production and physical soil factors such as bulk density, percent of porosity, water content and aggregate stability were measured by standard methods. Ten replications were used in this experiment. The statistical results show that cattle grazing have a significant effect on the plant cover and production. The soil bulk density increased significant with intensive grazing. The water content, percent of porosity and the proportion of the aggregate stability decreased as the result of intensive grazing. The final results indicate that cattle grazing may cause rather big changes on the physical properties of surface soil. As the project region enjoys suitable yearly rainfall, if the intensity of grazing is in a moderate level, the region will be ale to recompense and to make better tolerance the damages arisen from cattle trampling.
Shirvan Razaghi Kamroodi; Mohammad Akbarzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2001, , Pages 523-536
Zabihollah Eskandari; Sattar Chavoshi
Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2001, , Pages 943-958
Seyed Mohammad Razavi
Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2001, , Pages 1283-1290