Hosein Tavakoli Neko; Schahram Banedjschafie; Abbas Pourmeidani
Volume 31, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Background and objectivesThe vast country of Iran, due to its location in the arid region of the earth and the lack of rainfall, has suffered from drought and groundwater depletion. The reduction of precipitation and soil moisture has a great effect on soil vegetation. The use of various types of moisture ...
Read More
Background and objectivesThe vast country of Iran, due to its location in the arid region of the earth and the lack of rainfall, has suffered from drought and groundwater depletion. The reduction of precipitation and soil moisture has a great effect on soil vegetation. The use of various types of moisture absorbent materials that reduce water consumption and increase the time of plant access to water in the soil plays a big role in water conservation. Plantbac panels are made from cellulose waste and can be used to increase the water retention capacity of the soil in dry areas, especially in desert areas. MethodologyIn order to investigate the effect of Plantbac panels on the amount of water consumption and growth of Atriplex plant, the research was carried out in the area of Hesarsokh located ten kilometers north-east of Qom city for three years (2019-2021). The experiment was carried out as split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks including 12 plots in three replications. The main plot included irrigation treatments at intervals of 10 days (control) and 20 days, and the sub-plot included two treatments of using and not using Plantbac panels (control). To investigate the effect of Plantbac panels on seedling growth at the end of each growing season in each year, traits including: survival, height and crown diameter of the seedling were measured and compared with the control of the same treatment. Statistical analyzes including minimum and maximum traits, standard deviation, simple variance analysis of variables, compound analysis, comparison of averages with least significant difference (LSD) method for seedling height growth and crown diameter growth traits were performed. ResultsThere was no difference in seedling survival in the treatments of using Plantbac and control in irrigation with a 10 days interval. While in the treatment of Plantbac panels and the control, 5% of the seedlings were dried, and in the treatment of using the Plantbac panels, 21% and 40% of the seedlings were seen in the control. Combined variance analysis showed that the simple effects of using Plantbac panels, year and the interaction effect of irrigation in the year on the height growth of Atriplex were significant (P≤0.01). Also, the effect of irrigation treatments, the use of Plantbac panels, the mutual effect of irrigation in the year and the effect of the year had a significant difference in the diameter growth trait of the crown of Atriplex seedlings (P≤0.05). The comparison of the average traits showed that the Atriplex seedlings in the "3rd year × 20 days irrigation interval" had the highest height 6.32 cm, and in the "1st year × 20 days irrigation interval" with 9.75 cm, had the lowest height growth. Also, Atriplex seedlings had the highest crown diameter growth in the "3rd year × irrigation interval 10 days " with 22.11 cm growth, and the lowest crown diameter growth had in the "2nd year × 20 day interval irrigation" with 17.33 cm. ConclusionThe results of the research showed that the effect of Plantbac panels on the traits indicating the growth of Atriplex is effective. The use Plantbac panels reduces losses in the survival of Atriplex seedlings. In other words, the use of Plantbac panels can have an effect in reducing the losses of Atriplex seedlings in saline lands. Also, the height growth of Atriplex in the treatment of using Plantbac panels was higher than the control. The general results of the research showed that the use of Plantbac panels can have an effect in reducing the losses of Atriplex in saline lands. Also, the diameter and height growth of Atriplex in the following years of planting was higher than the first year, which can be due to the possibility of establishing and improving the soil conditions for plant growth in the following years after planting as a result of using Plantbac panels.
Shahram Banedj Schafiee; Esmaeel Rahbar
Volume 10, Issue 1 , August 2019, , Pages 111-129
shahram schafiee; mohammad khosroshahi; Hassan Rouhipour; ali ashraf jafari; farhad khaksarian; leila kashi zenouzi
Volume 24, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 224-237
Abstract
Due to the limited water resources and low rainfall, finding proper solutions to reduce the water consumption for vegetation production in natural areas has received attention more than ever before. For this purpose, this research was aimed to investigate the effects of superabsorbent polymer and Plantbac ...
Read More
Due to the limited water resources and low rainfall, finding proper solutions to reduce the water consumption for vegetation production in natural areas has received attention more than ever before. For this purpose, this research was aimed to investigate the effects of superabsorbent polymer and Plantbac panels on the efficient use of water on Saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) growth. The study was conducted in the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station in Semnan province, Iran. Irrigation in this study was performed according to the soil water suction, reaching to pressures of 1.0, 5.0, and 15.0 bars. The water consumption in each of the aforementioned suctions was to reach the field capacity of the same soil. In addition to the above treatments, rainfed treatment was also considered. Before planting the seedlings, the superabsorbent polymer was mixed with the soil of seedling pits at a weight ratio of 0.6%. The Plantbac panels were placed in the bottom of the pits at dimensions of 60×60×50 cm. Therefore, treatments consisted of superabsorbent polymer and Plantbac panels. The experiment was conducted as a split plot design based on randomized complete block, in which soil water suctions levels were considered as main plot and superabsorbent polymers as sub-plot. The results of the combined effect of both water suctions and superabsorbent polymer showed that the water consumption at these suctions was reduced by prolonging the irrigation intervals to reach higher suctions (more negative). At a soil water suction of 5.0 bars, the water consumption for each seedling was 157 liter, showing 33% decline as compared to the soil containing polymer at the same suction. However, at a suction of 15.0 bars, water consumption in the Plantback declined to 34%. Our results clearly showed that the Plantbac panels could significantly increase the Saxaul growth in different irrigation levels more than that recorded for the control and polymer treatments.
leila kashi zenouzi; Shahram Banedj Schafiee; Hosein Saadat
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 150-160
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between the distribution of range species including: Astragaluss microcephalus, Bromus tomentellus, Onobrichis cornuta and some soil physicochemical properties. After overlaying the maps of land-use, slope percentage, and geology, and forming the ...
Read More
This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between the distribution of range species including: Astragaluss microcephalus, Bromus tomentellus, Onobrichis cornuta and some soil physicochemical properties. After overlaying the maps of land-use, slope percentage, and geology, and forming the homogenous land units in the Zilber Chay Watershed, 35 soil samples were taken by stratified random sampling method. Soil physicochemical properties including texture, pH, EC, lime, and organic matter were measured. The soil factors related to each of these range species were obtained by overlaying the maps of range species distribution with land unit maps. First, the relationship between the presence of these range species with soil factors was investigated using logistic regression method. Then, the vegetation density map was prepared using Landsat satellite images and NDVI index for the land units in which the range vegetation type As.mi-Br.to-On.co was found. The values of area density percentage for the vegetation cover related to the range type As.mi-Br.to-On.co were calculated using area density model. According to the results of paired samples test, there was no significance difference among the measured values at 0-15 and 15-45 cm soil depths, except for soil acidity and electrical conductivity. The statistical analysis of the relationship between soil physiochemical properties at 0-15 and 15-45 cm soil depths was performed using multiple linear regression method. The determination coefficient of multiple linear regression model was calculated to be 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.42 and 0.69, respectively, for the vegetation densities of 30, 50, 65, 85 and 100% at 0-15 cm soil depth. In addition, the regression coefficients of soil acidity and electrical conductivity were calculated to be 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.42, and 0.69, respectively, for the vegetation densities of 30, 50, 65, 85, and 100% at 15-45 cm soil depth. This result indicated that the vegetation density of As.mi-Br.to-On.co was affected by the amount of organic matter, pH, and soil texture at 0-15 cm soil depth in the study area.
shahram banedj schafiee
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 595-605
Shahram Banedjschafie; Esmaeil Rahbar; Farhad Khaksarian
Volume 16, Issue 3 , December 2009, , Pages 305-316
Abstract
The effect of different level of polymer water absorbent (supper A200) mixed with desert sand were studied in comparing to pure sand and clay soil on survival and growth of Panicum antidotale in pot condition in Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Tehran, Iran for three years. The polymer ...
Read More
The effect of different level of polymer water absorbent (supper A200) mixed with desert sand were studied in comparing to pure sand and clay soil on survival and growth of Panicum antidotale in pot condition in Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Tehran, Iran for three years. The polymer treatments were 0.2%, 0.6% and 1.0% W/W. The irrigation period was determined based on field capacity of pure sand for all treatments. The results showed no significant differences among treatments for plant growth in the first year. However, the treatment of sand with 0.6% polymer had the most survival plants with average values of 100%. The pots were not irrigated in the 2nd year because there were enough precipitations. All survived plants from 1st year were dead at the end of 2nd year. So, the experiment was repeated at the 3rd year. The results showed significant differences among treatments. The survived plant for clay treatment with average values of 6.17 g dry matter per plant had higher production and followed by 0.6% and 1.0% W/W polymer treatments mixed with desert sand. Those treatments had significant differences with pure sand controls. The lower amount of dry matter was obtained by control pure desert sand with average values of 2.91 g dry matter per plant.
Esmaeil Rahbar; Shahram Banedjschafie
Volume 16, Issue 2 , December 2009, , Pages 209-223
Abstract
The superabsorbent polymers absorb and retain large quantities of water when applied into the soil. This capability is due to its physical and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil salts on polymer and manure water uptake ability under repeated wetting ...
Read More
The superabsorbent polymers absorb and retain large quantities of water when applied into the soil. This capability is due to its physical and chemical properties. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of soil salts on polymer and manure water uptake ability under repeated wetting and drying cycles. The results showed that 1.0 g polyacrylamide made of Iran, had ability to uptake 184.4g distilled water for the first time absorption. It was much less than the same material that had reported in foreign publications. The ability of water retaining for the same polymers was dramatically decreased to 31, 79 and 83 percent than control treatment(distilled water) for waters with 160, 1000 and 2000 mg/l salt concentration, respectively. By 9 times repeated wetting and drying cycles, the ability of polymer had decreased to 22 percent of the first times absorption. As consequently, the amounts of water uptake had also decrease to 72, 81 and 88 percent of distilled water in the same salts after 9 times repeated wetting and drying cycles. At the hottest times of the summer, drying of poly acryl amide super absorbent had take 6 and 2.3 days for distilled and salty water, respectively. The results showed that the negative effects of Na+ were less than those for Ca2+ and Mg2+ on polymer water absorption. For completely decayed animal manure, the retaining of distilled water was 2.3g for 1g dry manure. For water having 4000 mg/l salts concentrations, the uptake ability of manure was not significantly different than distilled water. The drying period of manure had taken the 17 and 18 days for distilled and salty water, respectively.
shahram Banedjschafie; Esmaeil Rahbar; Farhad Khaksarian
Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2006, , Pages 139-144
Abstract
Commercial producers of polymers claim that their polymer materials hold plentiful of water using low suction so that plants are able to have access to it. If this is true, then polymers could be used to increase desired physical characteristics of sandy soils in areas with dry climatic conditions. Based ...
Read More
Commercial producers of polymers claim that their polymer materials hold plentiful of water using low suction so that plants are able to have access to it. If this is true, then polymers could be used to increase desired physical characteristics of sandy soils in areas with dry climatic conditions. Based on this view and using a pressure apparatus, water retention curves were evaluated for a sample of agricultural silty clay soil, a sample of blown sand, and samples of the same blown sand mixed with three different amounts of polymer. The results showed that when a mixture of sand and a kind of polymer named " Super ab 200A" was provided in a way that 0.2 to 1.0 percent (% w/w) of the mixture is polymer, the condition of water in the mixture would be similar to a clay soil. When the amount of polymer reaches to 1%, the condition would be tougher than the previous one. In other words, although polymers cause more absorption of water in sand blown sand, the stored water is kept in the soil by a suction that is higher the suction in clay. Therefore, to increase the capacity of Plant-available water in blown sands to elongate irrigation interval of planted seedlings for afforestation in dry areas, adding polymer to blown sands would result in undesirable conditions. Furthermore, using polymers increase the cost of operation. They are unsustainable materials and they may have some other disadvantages. Results of this experiment suggests that usage of clay, instead of polymer, to blown sands would create a better conditions.