Ronak Shirzadian Gilan; yahya parvizi; Ebrahim Pazira; Farhad Rejali
Volume 28, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 381-394
Abstract
Soil pollution by petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants is one of the most important environmental problems in different parts of the world. In the oil-rich regions of the west of the country and recent years, the depreciation of the oil extraction and exploitation system has led to leakage and distribution ...
Read More
Soil pollution by petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants is one of the most important environmental problems in different parts of the world. In the oil-rich regions of the west of the country and recent years, the depreciation of the oil extraction and exploitation system has led to leakage and distribution of oil pollutants in the soil and biological resources of the region. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of native rangeland plants and the addition of bacteria, and the amount of appropriate fertilizer to reduce pollution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the soil. The pot experiment was performed in the form of a factorial design with a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Plant treatments included three native or compatible plants of Medicago sativa, Agropyron trichophorum, and Atriplex canescens and bacterial treatments included Bacillus pumilus (B1), Pseudomonas putida (B2), and the combined use of these two bacteria with fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing. Also, control treatment (no plant culture, no bacterial inoculation, and no fertilization) was applied. The results showed that Medicago sativa, with a 55.16% reduction in soil TPHs had better performance than other plants. Inoculation of B1 bacterium in interaction with Medicago sativa and Agropyron trichophorum by decomposing 56.19% of soil TPHs was more successful than B2. However, Atriplex canescens was more successful than B1 in interacting with B2 bacteria and decomposing 54.64% of soil TPHs. With full fertilizer recommendation, Medicago sativa and Atriplex canescens plants were most effective, with a 68.56% reduction in soil TPHs. In soil treatment without plant cultivation, B2 bacterium had the best performance along with fertilizer recommendation. Bacteria improve phytoremediation efficiency by improving metabolic activities and developing the root system, and ultimately increasing plant biomass. The results showed a significant effect of interaction between bacteria and plant type on plant shoot dry weight at the level of α = 0.01.
Salahudin Zahedi; yahya parvizi
Volume 27, Issue 2 , June 2020, , Pages 276-286
Abstract
Global warming due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, has led to drastic climate change in recent decades. This has intensified the process of degradation of natural resources, soil and water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. One of the most important ...
Read More
Global warming due to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, has led to drastic climate change in recent decades. This has intensified the process of degradation of natural resources, soil and water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. One of the most important tools for adapting or modifying the consequences of this crisis is the sequestration and storage of carbon by natural ecosystems with the help of efficient management tools such as rangeland and watershed management. This study was conducted to evaluate and quantify carbon storage in various types of biological remediation and rehabilitation operations, including pit-seeding and exclosure in the Gavdareh watershed of Kurdistan province. Sampling was performed in soil and plant units using a systematic random sampling method of aerial parts, roots, litter, and soil. Samples were analyzed in vitro. The results of the statistical analysis of the data indicated that the amount of vegetation carbon storage in the experimental treatments had a significant difference (p≤ 0.05). The least significant difference in this level of probability is 334.35 kg/ha (p≤ 0.05), and also the results of comparing the mean yield of these treatments showed that the amount of carbon storage in the exclosure was higher than other treatments, and compared to the experimental control in the upper and higher class. The average total carbon stored per unit area was 8809 kg/ha, 67% of which was related to carbon storage in the soil. In general, it is concluded that biological remediation operations, especially exclosure, have a high capacity for carbon storage, and the soil is the most important carbon reservoir in this operation.
Mohammad Gheytouri; Mosayeb Heshmati; Yahya Parvizi
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 772-785
Abstract
Inappropriate exploitation methods, particularly changes in rangeland use, excessive grazing, and fire have led to sever degradation of rangelands with even worse consequences observed in winter rangelands. The present study, conducted in the poor rangelands of Naftkhane Qasreshirin ...
Read More
Inappropriate exploitation methods, particularly changes in rangeland use, excessive grazing, and fire have led to sever degradation of rangelands with even worse consequences observed in winter rangelands. The present study, conducted in the poor rangelands of Naftkhane Qasreshirin Plain, aimed to study the effects of practices carried out to improve the conditions of rangelands on vegetation cover and carbon sequestration. The study included four types of treatment including a) furrow and brush- planting, b) pitting and brush- planting, c) managing grazing system, and d) a control treatment with usual exploitation conditions. Details of vegetation cover of the rangelands including condition, trend, biomass, forage production, and rate of carbon sequestration in the four treatments were assessed using transects and quadrates. The highest production rate for biomass and forage, and carbon sequestration in rangelands was 573, 551, and 266 kgha-1, respectively, which belonged to the pitting treatment, and the lowest rates 298, 196, and 137 kgha-1 were for the control treatment. In addition, rangeland condition and trend in studied rangelands were assessed to be positive under pitting and furrow treatments whereas in the control treatment a poor condition and a negative trend were observed. Results of the study indicated that pitting, furrow, and management of the grazing system were respectively the most effective treatments in improving biomass, vegetation cover, forage production, carbon sequestration, and erosion control.
yahya parvizi; Mohammad Qeytouri; Reza Bayat; Alireza Shadmani; Afshin Partovi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 310-323
Abstract
This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of different rangeland planting practices for carbon sequestration in various climatic and geographical regions of the country. For this purpose, the key sites of rangeland planting practices were selected in the Lorestan, ...
Read More
This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of different rangeland planting practices for carbon sequestration in various climatic and geographical regions of the country. For this purpose, the key sites of rangeland planting practices were selected in the Lorestan, Fars, Kermanshah, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran, Kordestan, Kerman, Markazi, and Esfahan. Then, the characteristics of the sites selected were recorded and sampling of soil, aerial biomass, and root was performed in a random-systematic manner. The results showed that rangeland planting practices in the semi-arid forests of central Zagros slopes had the highest carbon sequestration capacity. The seeding and pit-seeding of perennial legumes and grasses such as festuca, alfalfa, sainfoin and onobrichis could sequester up to 17.4 to 80 tons of carbon per hectare. The contribution of soil in carbon sequestration was at least 93 percent of the total carbon stock of the study area. Rangeland planting practices together with exclosure caused to increased carbon sequestration up to two times. In these areas, pit-seeding was more successful than the other practices. In the Hyrcanian regions, the seeding of perennial legumes and grasses could sequester 18 tons carbon, ranked second after range planting practices in the central Zagros slopes. Rangeland planting practices in arid and semi-arid areas of the central and the eastern part of the country showed little effect on increasing the carbon sequestration capacity compared to other areas mentioned above. The highest carbon sequestration was recorded to be 5.63 and 6.51 tons carbon per hectare for the exclosure rangelands in Kardeh and Shamsabad watershed, respectively. Land use change from dry farming to rangeland in Kardeh watershed resulted in carbon sequestration of 4.7 tons per hectare.
Mohammad Ghaitori; Yahya Parvizi; Mosayeb Heshmati; Mohammad Ahmadi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 44-53
Abstract
Due to the vast area and biodiversity, rangelands contribute to carbon sequestration, depending on grazing management and utilization. This research was conducted on six rangeland sites including Paveh, Ravansar, Javanrood, Einelcosh, Siahkamar, Varmenjeh, and Koohsefid in Kermanshah Province. There ...
Read More
Due to the vast area and biodiversity, rangelands contribute to carbon sequestration, depending on grazing management and utilization. This research was conducted on six rangeland sites including Paveh, Ravansar, Javanrood, Einelcosh, Siahkamar, Varmenjeh, and Koohsefid in Kermanshah Province. There utilization types were included as exclosure, heavy grazing, and land use change from rangeland to rainfed orchard. The objective was to evaluate carbon sequestration capacity through different rangeland utilization. The plant biomass sampling including canopy cover and plant root as well as plant litter were carried out in the field along three transects of 50 m using plots. Soil sampling was also done in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. Plant organic carbon was determined by flame method and SOC was measured by the Walkley and Black method. The results explored that plant biomass variation through different land-use practices and utilization is significantly attributed to carbon sequestration, so that the highest level of carbon stock for plant biomass (4.7 tha-1) and soil (114.5 tha-1) was obtained in the exclosure site, while heavy grazing caused the lowest value of organic carbon in both plant biomass (1.3 tha-1) and soil (53.4 tha-1). In addition, the land use change from rangeland to rain-fed orchard led to 86.8 tha-1 organic carbon storage in both soil and plant biomass.
Mehran Lashani Zand; Yahya Parvizi; leila Ebrahimi; Bita Masoudi; Bahman Rafiee
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 230-219
Abstract
The Earth's climate change, caused by greenhouse gases due to the expanding the use of fossil fuels, destruction of vegetation and soil degradation , is the most serious threat to sustainable development and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world such as Iran.Carbon sequestration ...
Read More
The Earth's climate change, caused by greenhouse gases due to the expanding the use of fossil fuels, destruction of vegetation and soil degradation , is the most serious threat to sustainable development and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world such as Iran.Carbon sequestration in vegetation ecosystems through management methods like biological operations is an important strategy to deal with this problem.This research was aimed to compare the amount of carbon sequestration resulting from biological operations in two catchments: Rimele and Abkhandari, Khoram Abad province. Sampling was carried out along the transects and within the plots. Then, samples were dried and weighted in plots and hectare. The amount of carbon sequestration was determined per unit area. According to the obtained results, the highest and lowest carbon sequestration were recorded for the Rimele catchment (1604 kg/ ha) and Abkhandari catchment (122 kg/ ha), respectively. In addition, significant differences were found for carbon sequestration between the study sites.
Lashanizand Mehran; Yahya Parvizi; Seyed Mansour Shahrokhvandi; Bahman Rafiee
Volume 20, Issue 2 , June 2013, , Pages 397-406