Hossein Arzani; Hossein Pouzesh; Javad Motamedi (torkan); Rasoul Mirakhorli; Seyed Ali Niknejad
Volume 19, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 384-394
Abstract
In this study, five rangeland species including Festuca rubra, Astragalus glocucantus, Astragalus flocoffus, Acantolimon erinaceum and Acantophyllum sordidum were selected at three phenological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding. These species are almost palatable and important in rangelands ...
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In this study, five rangeland species including Festuca rubra, Astragalus glocucantus, Astragalus flocoffus, Acantolimon erinaceum and Acantophyllum sordidum were selected at three phenological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding. These species are almost palatable and important in rangelands of Jashlobar, Semnan. For each phenological stage, three replications and for each replication, five species were collected. Plant samples were analyzed to determine N percentage as well as acid detergent fiber (ADF). Crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and metabolizable energy (ME), were estimated based upon N percentage and acid detergent fiber (ADF)., Split-plot design was applied for data analysis in a randomized complete design with 3 replication sand 15 treatments for each location. After collecting the data, combined analysis of variance was used in order to investigate the changes of forage quality index. According to the results, chemical composition of plants showed significant changes and phenological stages had a significant effect on forage quality. With the advance of growth, CP, DMD and ME decreased while ADF content increased. Obtained results are applicable for estimating daily required forage for grazing livestock and determining appropriate time for livestock entry to the rangeland.
Gholamreza Goudarzi; Ali Farmahini Farahani; Hamidreza Mirdavoudi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 395-405
Abstract
Determination of allowable use of the key species of rangelands is necessary to calculate the rangeland capacity. Actual rangeland capacity could be determined through having the exact values of this factor for rangeland species and the destruction of vegetation, soil and water loss on rangelands can ...
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Determination of allowable use of the key species of rangelands is necessary to calculate the rangeland capacity. Actual rangeland capacity could be determined through having the exact values of this factor for rangeland species and the destruction of vegetation, soil and water loss on rangelands can be avoided. In this research, Artemisia aucheri, Bromus tomentellus, Kochia prostrata, Asperula glomerata and Buffonia koelzii were investigated as the key species of Arak Enjedan rangelands. A key area of one hectare was selected in Arak Enjedan rangelands and was fenced in the first year of the study. Then, 40 individuals were selected from each species and harvesting intensities of 25, 50, 75% and control treatment were implemented. Harvesting was done by a clipper monthly during grazing season for 4 years. The influence of harvesting was investigated in the second to fifth years through the study of changes in phenological characteristics, forage and seed production, vitality, and mortality and other characteristics of plant species. Results showed that increasing the harvesting intensity caused problems and decline of vital abilities of all species especially, As. glomerata and Br. tomentellus that are more palatable species. According to the results, an allowable use of 25% is recommended for Br. tomentellus and As. Glomerata while for Ar. aucheri, Ko. prostrata and Bu. Koelzii an allowable use of 50% was obtained with the least negative effects on plant characteristics. Results of the analysis of variance for forage production data were significant for all of the studied species in %1 level of probability.
Ghasemali Dianati Tilaki; Maryam Haidarian Aghakhani; Esmaeil Filehkesh; Ali asghar Naghipour Borj
Volume 18, Issue 4 , September 2012, , Pages 652-661
Abstract
Determination of forage quality of range plants is one of the fundamental factors for evaluating grazing capacity. There are spatial and temporal variations in forage quality of range species. In this study, samples from two halophyte species including Salsola arbuscula and Salsola richteri were collected ...
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Determination of forage quality of range plants is one of the fundamental factors for evaluating grazing capacity. There are spatial and temporal variations in forage quality of range species. In this study, samples from two halophyte species including Salsola arbuscula and Salsola richteri were collected at three phenological stages of vegetative growth, full flowering and seed dissemination with three replications at research station of Poshteh Abbas Sabzevar. The quality indices of acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude fiber (CF), crud protein (CP), metabolic energy (ME), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and soluble carbohydrate (WSC) were measured or estimated. Analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that forage quality of both species in vegetative growth was higher than the other stages. Forage quality indices and water soluble carbohydrates were significantly different at different phenological stages and between the species (P<0.05). Salsola richteri had a better forage quality than Salsola arbuscula in all phenological stages. Considering the result of this research, the second stage (flowering) was determined as the most suitable period for livestock grazing. Because at this time, forage quality and soluble carbohydrate of plant are desirable for grazing and grazing will cause less damage to plants.
Behruz Rasouli; Bahram Amiri; Mohammad Hasaan Assareh; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 32-41
Abstract
This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized ...
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This research was performed to determine the nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phonological stages including primary growth, flowering and seed ripening in three different sites i.e, Qom, Yazd and Urmia provinces Plant sampling was completely randomized and crude protein, ether extract, water percentage, acid detergent fiber, ash, dry matter digestibility and metabolism energy were measured by standard methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS software in a factorial design. According to the results, interaction effects of growth stages and different ecological sites showed a significant difference for most of the measured factors and they did not follow a regular trend. The results indicated that H. caspica had the highest forage quality in flowering (second stage) while with increase of plant age, crude fiber and ash increased in all the three studied sites. Growing in sever ecological conditions and having high forage quality, H. caspica may be considered for sustainable development plan in saline regions.
Farhad Azhir; Ali-ashraf Jafari; Mohammad Fayaz
Volume 18, Issue 1 , May 2011, , Pages 139-150
Abstract
In order to determine the best genotype for range improvement in Tehran province, Iran, 19 ecotypes of Agropyron cristatum were sown using randomized complete block design with three replications under irrigation and dry land farming system during 2006- 2007. Data were collected and analyzed for ...
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In order to determine the best genotype for range improvement in Tehran province, Iran, 19 ecotypes of Agropyron cristatum were sown using randomized complete block design with three replications under irrigation and dry land farming system during 2006- 2007. Data were collected and analyzed for dry matter (DM) yield, flowering and pollinating date, plant height and 5 quality traits as: dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protean (CP), total ash, and acid detergent fiber (ADF).The results showed significant difference at 1% level of confidence for yield and morphological traits while no significant differences were observed for forage quality under two different cultivation conditions. The difference between ecotypes and environment-ecotype interaction effecets were significant for all traits of the species.Ecotypes 208P8 and 4056P4 with average values of 1240 and 1336 Kg/ha had higher forage yield in irrigation condition while in dry land condition, forage yield of ecotypes 619M and 4056P4 with average values of 791 and 901 Kg/ha were maximum.According to the results, ecotypes 1722M (Gorgan), 208P8 (Esfahan)and 4056P4 (Gorgan) with average yield value were identified as the best ones for both yield and quality traits in studied cultivation conditions to be introduced for cultivation in dry land faming in Tehran province.DM yield had positive correlation with plant establishment.WSC had positive and negative correlation with DMD and CP, respectively. The relationship between DMD and ADF was negatively significant.
Ghasemali Dianatitilaki; Manijeh Tavan; Ali Hosseini; Mansur Mesdaghi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , September 2010, , Pages 180-190
Abstract
Determination of forage quality is one of the fundamental factors for sound management of rangelands. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of rangelands causes increasing forage quality. In this study, forage quality of Eruca sativa in three years (2004, 2005 and 2006) were measured in flat and northern ...
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Determination of forage quality is one of the fundamental factors for sound management of rangelands. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization of rangelands causes increasing forage quality. In this study, forage quality of Eruca sativa in three years (2004, 2005 and 2006) were measured in flat and northern sloppy rangelands in Maravehtapeh.In this study, 0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha and 0 and 25 kg P/ha fertilizer rates were applied. Forage quality index such as crude energy, crude protein, crude fiber, crude nitrogen and ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) were measured in this study. Results showed that, nitrogen fertilizer increased the crude nitrogen, crude protein and crude energy and decreased the crude fiber and ADF. Phosphorus fertilization had few effects on forage quality. Nitrogen fertilization with 100 kg/ha increased forage quality. Forage quality rates increased in 2006 owing to optimum weather condition in this year. Forage quality rate is same in each flat and northern sloppy rangeland was the same. Interaction effects between two fertilizers in northern sloppy rangeland was significant.
Hosein Arzani; Somayeh Alikhani; Akbar Javadi; Bardia Nourian
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January 2010, , Pages 431-444
Abstract
Information about animal requirement, available forage and its quality is fundamental for successful range forage and livestock management. Since sheep is dominant grazing animal on rangelands in Iran and there are about 27 sheep breeds and each breed has special body size and physiological condition, ...
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Information about animal requirement, available forage and its quality is fundamental for successful range forage and livestock management. Since sheep is dominant grazing animal on rangelands in Iran and there are about 27 sheep breeds and each breed has special body size and physiological condition, different daily nutrition requirements need to be considered. It is necessary daily requirement of each breed based on quality of available forage be determined which was the main objective of this research for Moghani sheep breed in Kalibar rangelands in eastern Azerbaijan province of Iran. Vegetation composition was formed by 11 species including Hordeum glavum, Aegilops sylindrica, Artemisia fragrans, Agropyron trichophorum, Festuca ovina, Dactylis glomerata, Stipa barbata, Sinapis arvensis, Bromus tectorum, Bromus tomentellus and Kochia prostrata. Among them Hordeum glavum, Aegilops sylindrica, Artemisia fragrans, Stipa barbata, Sinapis arvensis, Bromus tomentellus, and Kochia prostrata were existed in lowland, and other species were observed in highlands. Samples were collected from an exclosure about 25-31 of May in flowering stage and 4-6 of July in maturity stage. Forage quality was evaluated based on chemical combination including crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and metabolizable energy (ME). For comparison of results One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Duncan test was used to determine inside changing sources and comparing species and location with pFestuca ovina and lowest forage quality was obtained in Hordeum glavum. Among two Phenological stages of (flowering & maturity) the higher percent of CP, DMD and rate of ME were obtained in flowering stage and the lowest percent were belonged to maturity stage. The higher percent of ADF was measured for maturity stage and the lowest Percent of ADF was obtained in flowering stage. Thus there were significant differences (p<0.01) between ADF, CP & ME of species. There were also significant differences between chemical components of species in different phenological stages and areas. Moghani sheep daily requirement based on MAFF equation considering forage quality and physical condition of the areas in two phonological stages and maintenance condition with 40% additional requirement were 1.39 kg DM and 2.14 kg DM in flowering and maturity plant growth stages respectively. Generally considering average metabolizable energy of species daily animal requirement in highland and lowland were 1.53 and 1.95 kg DM respectively.
Aman Rahbar; Ali Mir jalili; Naser Baghestani Meybodi
Volume 14, Issue 4 , February 2008, , Pages 579-588
Abstract
Knowing forage quality is necessary for assigning grazing capacity in range management program. For this aim, forage quality of two dominant range plants, Artemisia aucheri, and Peteropyron aucheri were studied in water spreading area of Heart station in Yazd province. Plant samples taken for two subsequent ...
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Knowing forage quality is necessary for assigning grazing capacity in range management program. For this aim, forage quality of two dominant range plants, Artemisia aucheri, and Peteropyron aucheri were studied in water spreading area of Heart station in Yazd province. Plant samples taken for two subsequent years from water spreading and control plots. Plant samples analyzed in laboratory and elements such as P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fiber, Fat and Proteins were measured. Statistical analysis indicated that in two years of study period, some elements has increased in water spreading plots (p<0.05), but, acceptable changes in forage quality of the two specie can not be reported.
Hosein Arzani; Mohammad reza Sadeghi manesh; Hosein Azarnivand; Ghasem Asadian; Ehsan Shahriari
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 42-50
Abstract
Determination of grazing capacity depends on information about various factors such as forage quality and species nutrient values, and for achieve to ideal animal production information about nutrient value are very important. In this trial, nutrient values of twelve species were to evaluate, that were ...
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Determination of grazing capacity depends on information about various factors such as forage quality and species nutrient values, and for achieve to ideal animal production information about nutrient value are very important. In this trial, nutrient values of twelve species were to evaluate, that were grazed by Mehraban sheep in two phenological stages (vegetative and maturity) in two sites of AghDagh & Galebor at Hamadan province. Forage quality indices as Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (minus Hemicelluloses) (ADF),dry matter digestibility (DMD) and metabolisable energy (ME) were measured respectively. According to the results, significant differences were observed among the species and phonological stages for all measured and calculated forage quality factors (p<0.05). Generally, Information about forage quality factors is essential for animal nutrition management in rangeland and it should be considered in range and animal management designs.
Javad Torkan; Hosein Arzani
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2001, , Pages 605-618
Reza Erfanzadeh
Volume 9, Issue 2 , September 2001, , Pages 684-694