Farhad Veysei; Davod Akhzari
Volume 28, Issue 3 , October 2021, , Pages 424-434
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sufivand-manganese mine (located in Harsin city of Kermanshah province), on some soil characteristics, plant growth and some physiological traits of yellow milk-vetch (Astragalus parrowianus). Soil and plant samples of natural rangeland were taken ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sufivand-manganese mine (located in Harsin city of Kermanshah province), on some soil characteristics, plant growth and some physiological traits of yellow milk-vetch (Astragalus parrowianus). Soil and plant samples of natural rangeland were taken in May around Sufivand mine at different distances namely in the 100,500.1000,1500 and 2000 meters far from the mine respectively The statistical design of this project was performed based on a systematic random methodology in the five concentric circles around the Manganese mine. Six samples of soil and Astaragalus plant outside of manganese mine boundary (was not affected by mine) with the same edaphic and topographic conditions were sampled as a control treatment. The results of this project indicated that measured some physiological properties and plant growth were significantly affected by the distance from the Manganese mine. Hence, the maximum rate of root weight to canopy weight (0.85), transfer factor (1.9), root density factor (4) and proline content (0.8 μmol / g) were significantly observed at (p 0.05) compared to the control treatment at a distance of 100 meters from the mine. The minimum stem length (12 cm), total nitrogen content (3%), essential oil content (0.2%), catalase activity (0.45 Units/mg) and peroxidase activity (0.2 Units/mg) at 100 meters distance from the mine were significantly different from the control at (p 0.05). It is concluded that the closer distance to the mine the more hazard of manganese to the Rangeland plants.
Fatemeh Karami; Masoud Bazgir
Volume 26, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 953-970
Abstract
Climate and land use are two important factors which are greatly influence on soil physical and chemical properties. This research was conducted to study the effects of climate and land use on physical and chemical properties of soil in Ilam province in 2016. After initial studies, Ivan area with semi-humid ...
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Climate and land use are two important factors which are greatly influence on soil physical and chemical properties. This research was conducted to study the effects of climate and land use on physical and chemical properties of soil in Ilam province in 2016. After initial studies, Ivan area with semi-humid climate and Ganjavan with semi-arid climate in Ilam province were selected. In each region, three land uses including forest, rangeland and agricultural were considered. After field studies in each land use, five soil samples were taken from 0-10cm and 10-30cm depths and collected randomly. The results showed that the highest amount of soil lime (47.85%) and soil silt (31.75%) were obtained in semi-arid climate of Ganjvan. The soils of Ayvan as a semi-humid climate had the highest amount of clay and K available. The highest bulk density (1.87 g.cm-3) was obtained in semi-arid climate of Ganjavan under the effect of agricultural use at lower soil depth. The lowest amount of bulk density (1.08 g.cm-3) was observed in semi-humid climate of Ayvan in the soil surface depth under forest land use. The highest amount of organic matter was obtained in forest land use in semi-humid climate in Ayvan, (42.85 %) which was more than semi-arid climate of Ganjvan. Agricultural land use had the lowest amount of organic matter (4.37%). The highest amount of N (0.514%) and P (35.04 mg kg-1) concentrations were obtained in forest land use in the semi-humid climate of Ayvan. The amount of Ca and Mg concentration in subsoil solution (10-30cm) layer was higher than topsoil solution (0-10cm) layer in Ayvan. In general, by changing land use from forest to farm, the percentage of clay, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium available decreased in semi-arid climates of Ganjvan. Therefore, proper land use management in semiarid climates is essential for optimal preservation of soil properties.
Kamran Mirzashahi; Hasan Rouhipour
Volume 12, Issue 4 , August 2019, , Pages 395-407
Mehdi Najafi Ghiri; Alireza Mahmoudi; Shahrokh Askari; Esmaeil Farokhnejad
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 170-182
Abstract
Halophytes may change different soil properties and nutrients availability by organic materials addition to soil and soil conservation against erosion agents. Destroying these lands and halophytes may have an undesirable effect on environment. To study the effects of physiographic position, plant variety ...
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Halophytes may change different soil properties and nutrients availability by organic materials addition to soil and soil conservation against erosion agents. Destroying these lands and halophytes may have an undesirable effect on environment. To study the effects of physiographic position, plant variety and plant growth position (sole or under another plant) on soil properties of salt marshes, an investigation was carried out in Korsia region, Darab (Fars province). Soil samples were collected from the beneath of Tamarix aphylla and Salsola rigida (sole and under Tamarix) and between plants with triplicates in two different salt marshes with lowland and piedmont plain positions. Soil properties including particle size distribution, organic matter, pH, EC and equivalent calcium carbonates and nutrients availability including P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined. Results indicated that lowland had more saline and heavier textured soil and shorter Tamarix aphylla as compared with piedmont plain. Tamarix aphylla increased organic matter, EC, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn; however, it had no effect on soil texture and equivalent calcium carbonates. Salsola rigida increased organic matter and its effect on available Mn and Zn was more than other nutrients. Salsola rigida under short Tamarix aphylla did not change soil salinity; while Salsola rigida under long Tamarix aphylla decreased soil salinity. Generally, it seems that organic matter is the most important factor on different plant nutrients availability and soil fertility status of the soils studied. Organic matter affects mobility, precipitation or nutrient uptake by the effect on pH, chelating agent production, nutrient adsorption, and nutrient release due to decomposition and soil physical properties improvement.
Robab Bagherian; Kiomars Sefidi; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Ali Ashraf Soltani; Behzad Behtari
Volume 25, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 183-190
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of grazing on some physical and chemical properties of soil, in the summer rangelands of southern slopes of Sabalan, three regions with different grazing intensity were selected after field observation and 27 soil samples were randomly taken along three 200-m transects. Soil samples ...
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To evaluate the effects of grazing on some physical and chemical properties of soil, in the summer rangelands of southern slopes of Sabalan, three regions with different grazing intensity were selected after field observation and 27 soil samples were randomly taken along three 200-m transects. Soil samples were taken from the depths of 15-0, 30-15 and 45-30 cm and transported to laboratory and soil properties such as texture, organic matter, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, EC and pH were measured. Analysis of variance and mean comparison were made using Duncan's test. Results showed that no significant difference was found for soil pH and phosphorus among the grazing intensity treatments and soil depths; however, significant differences were observed for other variables. The results showed that organic matter content decreased with increasing of grazing intensity and the lowest content was recorded for the 30-45 cm soil depth in the heavy grazing area. According to the results of this research it can be concluded that soil structure is degraded with increased grazing intensity; therefore, a balanced grazing need to be taken into account in summer rangelands to prevent soil degradation.
Mina Arast; Gholamreza zehtabian; Mohammad Jafari; hasan khosravi; saeed shojaee
Volume 23, Issue 3 , January 2017, , Pages 543-554
Abstract
The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and ...
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The used of unconventional waters in the agricultural lands not only reduces the environmental hazards but also increases the productivity. This research was aimed to assess the effects of wastewater, saline water and brackish water on some soil properties including organic matter, bulk density, and electrical conductivity. Therefore, five study sites were selected. The treatments consisted of control, irrigation with saline water, brackish water, and wastewater as well as mixed irrigation of wastewater and saline water. Five profiles were dug in the study sites. In each profile, two samples were taken from two depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. The results showed that irrigating with wastewater led to improved soil properties in terms of organic matter and bulk density, as compared with other treatments. There was no significant difference in pH among all treatments. However, the amount of Electrical Conductivity of saline water in surface and deep layers of soil was 17.57 ds/m and 5.5 ds/m, respectively. This large difference between the two depths in saline water treatment represents the EC downward trend from surface to depth. This trend was constant for the brackish water and wastewater treatments.
Shole Haj agha Memar; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Kiomars sefidi; Behzad Behtari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 343-330
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ecosystem change on emissions and carbon mineralization rate in Fandoghloo region. Soil sampling was performed at three depths (0-30 cm) from the grazing rangeland ecosystem, degraded rangeland ecosystem, and agricultural, ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ecosystem change on emissions and carbon mineralization rate in Fandoghloo region. Soil sampling was performed at three depths (0-30 cm) from the grazing rangeland ecosystem, degraded rangeland ecosystem, and agricultural, ecosystem. Carbon dioxide emissions were measured during incubation with alkali absorption method. The highest and lowest emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon mineralization rate were obtained in the grazing rangeland ecosystem (0.968 mg CO2 g-1 soil and 0.00314 mol C kg-1 soil d-1), and the degraded rangeland ecosystem (4693 mg CO2 g-1 soil, and 0.0015mol C kg-1 soil d-1), respectively, showing a significant difference with other ecosystems at different depth levels. According to the results, significant differences were found for the activity of microorganisms in decomposition of organic matter in the study ecosystems. The dynamics of vegetation and returned fine roots caused high emissions of CO2 in soil of grazing rangeland ecosystem. In the agricultural ecosystem, due to the relatively wet conditions and failure to return organic matter to the soil, the decomposition of inaccessible organic matter caused to decreased soil organic matter and low carbon dioxide emissions.
Maryam Dadgar; Masoud Aliha; Enseyeh Faramarzi
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 498-504
Abstract
Phosphorus is of macro elements for plant growth. Phosphorus compounds are almost insoluble and available phosphorous in soil is rapidly decreased. Use of phosphate fertilizers in soil has been always one of the fundamental issues in agriculture and production due to the low efficiency of phosphorus ...
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Phosphorus is of macro elements for plant growth. Phosphorus compounds are almost insoluble and available phosphorous in soil is rapidly decreased. Use of phosphate fertilizers in soil has been always one of the fundamental issues in agriculture and production due to the low efficiency of phosphorus fixation in the soil and its uptake by plants. To study the relationship between available Phosphorus and some soil features, soil sampling was performed from 0-30 cm soil depth for 110 samples in Absard. Some soil physical and chemical characteristics such as percentage of sand, silt, and clay, organic matter, calcium carbonate, soil acidity, and available phosphorus were measured and correlation between phosphorus and above soil characteristics was determined. The results showed that significant correlation (P< 0.01) was found between P and some soil properties. In addition, there was a negative correlation between and soil acidity and percentage of calcium carbonate, but a positive correlation was found between phosphorus and organic matter.