Document Type : Research Paper
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Abstract
Antecedent soil moisture is one of runoff and sedimentation crucial factors affected by parameters such as soil properties, topographic-, climatic-, and coverage circumstances etc. The work aimed at determining effects of soil properties and rainfall on runoff and sediment load at various antecedent moisture levels. Heavy, medium and light textured field soils were selected, exposed to a constantly intensified 80mm/hr rainfall under air-dried, air-dried to field capacity point, field capacity point and nearly saturated conditions, and two slopes of 5 and 15%. Recording runoff and sedimentation values every 2-5 min; populated values were calculated within 10, 20 and 30 min. intervals. All experiments were carried out with simulated rainfall technique in a 1×1×0.1m flume. Treatments showed most significant differences within first 10min. decreased with increasing rainfall duration. Maximum runoff coefficients increased as 2-5 folds as minimum ones with all durations. When moisture increased to field capacity point, light, medium and heavy textured soils had the lowest to the highest values of runoff coefficient, respectively. Under nearly saturated condition, increasing runoff trend decelerated with heavy textured soils and decreased to a lesser extent as compared to medium textured samples. Also, sedimentation process was consistent with runoff fluctuations. Medium textured soils showed a significant level of sedimentation under nearly saturated conditions. Runoff coefficients were unnoticeably different with 5 and 15% slopes; however, a more significant sedimentation increase occurred with 15% slope.
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