Investigation and comparison the most important factors affecting on Grazing management  of two viewpoint of beneficiaries and experts in winter and summer quarter rangelands in Tribe ot Shish-Blokii(Case Study: Provinces of Fars and Busher)

Habibian, Seyed Mohammadreza; Barani, Hosein; Abedi Sarvestani, Ahmad

doi:10.22092/ijrdr.2019.119994

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Fars, Iran

² Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22092/ijrdr.2019.119994

Abstract

In order to determine and prioritize the most effective factors on grazing management in Qashqai Nomads’ ecosystem (Shesh Boluki tribe), sampling was done by selecting 405 households (using Cochran formula) from nomad exploiters and 45 individuals from experts with experiences in migration and grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces in 2015 and 2016. The survey used descriptive participant observation with questionnaires and interviews. In this study, the viewpoints of two statistical groups were obtained through Likert scale (five-point scale) and then the analysis was done using nonparametric tests including Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. he result showed a significant difference between the viewpoints of exploiters and experts regarding prioritization of effective factors on elements and sub elements of grazing management (P<0.01). The result from integration of exploiters and experts viewpoints showed that effective factors on the element of grazing time were consisted of decreasing in precipitation and frequent drought, early cold weather in summer rangelands, early warm weather in winter rangelands, sufficient foliage in rangeland, water scarcity in winter rangelands; element of spatial distribution of grazing was included of role of shepherd in herd movements and distribution of watering points in rangeland; element of type and composition of herd were consisted of topographical condition, distance from watering point, climate variability and frequent droughts, and also element of livestock number was consisted of exploiter’s livelihood, drought and climate variability and inter-annual precipitation. In general, a more homogenous answer was observed between expert viewpoints.

Keywords

References

- Abedi- Sarvestani, A., 2014. The Study of early nomadic migration in Fars Province. Quarterly Journal, 29(4) 4: 115, 42-27.

- Administration of Nomads Affair of Fars Province, 2005. Comprehensive study of nomad’s ecosystems (Shesh boloki sub tribe). Geographic and Natural Condition, First Volume.

- Azarnivand, H. and Zare Chahuki, M., 2009. Rangeland improvement. Tehran University Press. 354p.

- Bailey, D. W. Gross, J. E., Laca, E. A., Rittenhouse, L. R., Coughnoure, M. B., Swift, D. M. and Sims, P. H. L., 1996. Mechanisms that result in large herbivore grazing distribution patterns. Journal of Range management, 49:5. 386-400.

- Barani, H., 2001. An investigation on pastoral culture among the herders of Eastern Elburz. Ph.D. Thesis, Tehran University, 321 P.

- Burns, J. C., 1984. Managing forage availability for animal responses in term pears-species grazing system. Forage Grassland Conference, 84:386-393.

- Campbell, J. B. Stringham, E. and Gervais, P., 1969. Pasture activities of cattle and sheep. Can. Department of Agriculture Publication, 13:15. 105-112.

- Campbell, E. G. and Johnson, R. L., 1983. Food habits of mountain goats and cattle on Chopka mountain Washington 1977-1980. Journal of Range Management, 36:(4): 488-491.

- Cook, C. W., 1966. Factors affecting utilization of mountain sloops by cattle. Journal of Range Management. 19:(4):200-204p.

- Fleming, P. J. S. and Korn, T. J., 1989. Predation of livestock by wild dog in eastern New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Rangland, 11(2): 61-66.

- Ghanbari, Y., 2001. Evaluation of the effects of implementation of the control plan for livestock entry to summer quarter rangelands in Esfahan province. Abstract of the Articles of the First National Congress of Livestock and Pasture Management Research, 400p.

- Ganskopp, D., 2002. Manipulating cattle distribution with salt and water in large arid-land pastures: a GPS/GIS assessment. Journal of Applied Animal Behavior Science, 73: 251-262p.

- Grahn, R., 2008. The paradox of pastoral vulnerability: from poverty to power. Oxford: Oxfam.

- Harrington, G. N., Wilson, A. D. and Young, M. D. 1984. Management of Australia’s rangelands. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, 347 p.

- Holechek, J. L., Pieper, R. D., Herbal, C. H. and Hall, P. P., 2004. Range management (principles and practices). Prentice Hall, USA, 607p.

- Jafari Sarouei, M., 2005. Investigation of native knowledge and utilization systems among Ranchers of Behshahr Hezar Jirib. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 139p.

- James, C. D., Landsberg, J. and Morton, S. R., 1999. Provision of watering points in the Australian arid zone: a review of effects on biota. Journal of Arid Environments, 41:87-121.

- Lardy, G., Stoltenow, C. H. and Johnson, R., 2008. Livestock and water. AS-954. North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu.

- Liang,Y., Han, G., Zhou, H., Zhao, M., Snyman, H. A., Shan, D. and Havstad, K. M., 2009. Grazing intensity on vegetation dynamics of typical steppe in northeast inner Mongolia. Journal of Rangeland Ecological Management, 62: 328- 336.

- McIntyre, S. and Lavorel, S., 2001. Livestock grazing in sub-tropical pastures: steps in the analysis of attribute response and plant functional types. Journal of Ecology, 89: 209- 226p.

- Mesdaghi, M., 2005. Rangeland in Iran. fourth edition. Imam Reza University Press, 259p.

- Miladfar, H., Barani, H., Joulaei, R. and Riyazifar, P., 2010. Determination of optimal ranch size based on economic efficiency and social sustainability (Case study: Rangelands of Urmiya). Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management, 63(1): 105-118.

- Milchunas, D. G. and Lauenroth, W. K., 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Journal of Ecological Monographs, 63: 327-366p.

- Mohamadi- Golrang, B., 1994. Study of vegetation changes in Amir Kabir Dam (Karadj) during the past 20 years 1973-1993. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 128p.

- Nyerges, E., 1980. Traditional pastoralism an evolutionary perspective Expedition, 2(4): 36-41.

- Odo, B. I., Omeje, F. U. and Okwor, J. N., 2001. Forage species availaibity, food preference and grazing behavior of goats in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Small Ruminant Research, 42(2): 161-166p.

- Shah- Mohammadi, A. R., Khatoonabadi, S. A. and Rajabi, M. R., 2005. Survey immigration control plan for tribal Bakhtiyari to the rangelands of Esfahan province. Institute of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Third Year, 1: 68-55.

- Sileshi, Z., Tegegne, A and Tsadik, G. T., 2003. Water resources for livestock in Ethiopia: implications for research and development. Integrated Water and Land Management Rearch and Capacity Building Priorities For Ethiopia, 66.

- Squires, V. R., 1981. Livestock management in the arid zone. Inkata Press, Melborne, Australia. 271p.

- Staford, s. and Barney, F., 1988. Strategic decision in pastoral management, Australian Rangeland Journal, 10(2): 82-95.

- Val, E.D. and Crawley, M. J., 2005. Are grazing increaser species better tolerates than decreases? An experimental assessment of defoliation tolerance in eight British grassland species. Journal of Ecology, 93: 1005–1016.

- Valentine, J. F., 2001. Grazing management. University of San Francisco, USA. 659 p.

- Walker, J. W. and Hodgkinson, K. C., 1900. Grazing management: new technologies for old problems. 15p. http://sanangelo.tamu.edu/walker/ircpaper.htm

Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research

Investigation and comparison the most important factors affecting on Grazing management of two viewpoint of beneficiaries and experts in winter and summer quarter rangelands in Tribe ot Shish-Blokii(Case Study: Provinces of Fars and Busher)

References

References

Volume 26, Issue 3
September 2019
Pages 551-569

Investigation and comparison the most important factors affecting on Grazing management of two viewpoint of beneficiaries and experts in winter and summer quarter rangelands in Tribe ot Shish-Blokii(Case Study: Provinces of Fars and Busher)

References

References

Volume 26, Issue 3September 2019Pages 551-569

Volume 26, Issue 3
September 2019
Pages 551-569