Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Hamed Joneidi ¹
• Neda Ragideh ²
• Parviz Karami ³

¹ Associated Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj

² Graduated in rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanadaj, Iran

³ Assistat Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanadaj, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives
Allelopathy refers to the direct and indirect harmful effects of one plant on another. These effects occur through the production of allelochemical compounds and their release into the environment, causing stimulation or inhibition. Considering the importance of the ecological relationships of the two species Daphne mucronata and Amygdalus lycioides as one of the most important and suitable plants for implementing rangeland improvement projects in the region, it is essential to examine their allelopathic relationships in order to achieve the results of improvement programs.
Methodology
In order to investigate the separation factors of D.mucronata and A.lycioides habitats, the effect of the allelopathic D. mucronata was studied on the early seedlings of Amygdalus Lycioides seeds. An experiment was conducted in an entirely randomized design with 20 iterations to investigate the allelopathic Daphne effects on germination (percentage and velocity, plumule growth, early growth indices (seed vigor, percentage deterrence, average germination time, mean germination time) and A. lycioides seeds. Test treatments were accomplished with the ratio of 0 (control), 20, 40, 60 and 80 percentages for both root and leaf extracts in experiment in a plate and germinator. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Duncan test was used for grouping these treatments. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software.
Result
 According to the results, the allelopathic effect was observed in D. mucronata leaf extract in concentrations of 60 and 80% and D. mucronata root extract in all concentrations. D. mucronata leaf extract in concentrations of 60 and 80% decreased germination (by 6.5% and 13%, respectively), root length (by 20.1% and 26.2%, respectively) and inhibition percentage (respectively). 6.8 and 13.6 percent). The greatest effect of D. mucronata root extract on A.lycioides seeds was observed at a concentration of 80%, which decreased the germination percentage (69%), root length (93.01), inhibition percentage (73%) and average germination time (9.2%). and germination speed (12.42%).
The root extract showed more allelopathic effect than the leaf. Also, in both root and leaf extracts, the allelopathic effect increased with increasing concentration. Finally, these investigations showed that the effect of allelopathy is one of the factors that played a significant role in the separation of daphne and almond habitats in a region. This finding indicates that when implementing rangeland improvement projects, especially biological operations in similar areas using these two species, ecological considerations should be taken into account in terms of the harmful effects of these two species on each other to increase the likelihood of success of such projects.

Keywords

• allelopathy
• Daphne mucronata
• herbal extract
• ecology
• speed germination
• active