Seyed Mohammadreza Habibyian; Hosein Barani
Volume 26, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 809-823
Abstract
Rangeland degradation, intensive grazing and the weakness of accurate grazing management are considered as issues which have distributed rangeland ecosystems’ equilibrium as well as have made dangerous in pastoralists’ life survival. Therefore, it is important to recognize of affecting factors ...
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Rangeland degradation, intensive grazing and the weakness of accurate grazing management are considered as issues which have distributed rangeland ecosystems’ equilibrium as well as have made dangerous in pastoralists’ life survival. Therefore, it is important to recognize of affecting factors on grazing management as a primary step for improving and altering this condition into a sustainable state. This study was conducted in Shesh-Boloki clan of Qashqai tribe at Fars and Bushehr provinces in 2016. In the study, data collection was done using literature review and field work (questionnaire and interview). Paired comparison questionnaire (AHP questionnaire) was filled out among 40 knowledgeable beneficiary and 25 experts. Descriptive and nonparametric statistical methods were used for determining and comparing weights and priority of affecting factors on grazing management items based on exploiters and experts’ point of view. The result indicated that there was a significant difference between two points of views in terms of weights and priority of affecting factors on grazing management (p<0.01). Also, in case of many items, the weight difference was dramatically high and in some cases this amount was non-significant. AHP method was used with the aim of integration of exploiters and expert’s points of view. The results also showed that this method, overlapping in two views were 72.4%. Government support through providing forage and water in drought years, being accordance experts and exploiters about migration calendar, preventing of land-use change in upland rangelands, stabilization of nomads’ roads and registration of land rights for nomads to migrate are considered as executive recommendations of this study with the aim of organizing the early migration to upland rangelands and improving grazing management.
Samira Hajipour; Hosein Barani; Hasan Yeganeh; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 531-542
Abstract
Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors effective on soil and vegetation structure and function. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the grazing frequency and intensity in the rangeland in autumn 2015. The statistical population was the heads ...
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Livestock grazing is one of the most important factors effective on soil and vegetation structure and function. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the grazing frequency and intensity in the rangeland in autumn 2015. The statistical population was the heads of tribal families in Kuhdasht city (1038 families), among which 310 heads of households were selected by the Cochran formula in stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires and direct interview containing seven open questions and 17 closed questions. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were approved by a panel of experts and calculating the Cronbach alpha coefficient (above 0.85), respectively. Kendal correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the grazing frequency with the annual mean income and cost of beneficiaries, annual calving of 10 livestock and distance between summer and winter rangelands. There was also a significant relationship between grazing intensity and the annual calving of 10 livestock. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between the index of grazing frequency and intensity in winter rangeland. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also showed that there was no significant difference between index of grazing frequency and intensity with utilization type of rangeland.
Seyed Mohammadreza Habibian; Hosein Barani; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 551-569
Abstract
In order to determine and prioritize the most effective factors on grazing management in Qashqai Nomads’ ecosystem (Shesh Boluki tribe), sampling was done by selecting 405 households (using Cochran formula) from nomad exploiters and 45 individuals from experts with experiences in migration and ...
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In order to determine and prioritize the most effective factors on grazing management in Qashqai Nomads’ ecosystem (Shesh Boluki tribe), sampling was done by selecting 405 households (using Cochran formula) from nomad exploiters and 45 individuals from experts with experiences in migration and grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces in 2015 and 2016. The survey used descriptive participant observation with questionnaires and interviews. In this study, the viewpoints of two statistical groups were obtained through Likert scale (five-point scale) and then the analysis was done using nonparametric tests including Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test. he result showed a significant difference between the viewpoints of exploiters and experts regarding prioritization of effective factors on elements and sub elements of grazing management (P<0.01). The result from integration of exploiters and experts viewpoints showed that effective factors on the element of grazing time were consisted of decreasing in precipitation and frequent drought, early cold weather in summer rangelands, early warm weather in winter rangelands, sufficient foliage in rangeland, water scarcity in winter rangelands; element of spatial distribution of grazing was included of role of shepherd in herd movements and distribution of watering points in rangeland; element of type and composition of herd were consisted of topographical condition, distance from watering point, climate variability and frequent droughts, and also element of livestock number was consisted of exploiter’s livelihood, drought and climate variability and inter-annual precipitation. In general, a more homogenous answer was observed between expert viewpoints.
leila khakipour; Hosein Barani; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani; Saeed Gholamrezai
Volume 25, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 805-816
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of labour division pattern on rangeland management activities in nomadic families as well as women’s role in management of rangelands in two allotments in Shoul Abad region, Aligudarz Township, in Lorestan province. This research was conducted by using ...
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of labour division pattern on rangeland management activities in nomadic families as well as women’s role in management of rangelands in two allotments in Shoul Abad region, Aligudarz Township, in Lorestan province. This research was conducted by using survey method. In the first section, some data were collected using irregular interview and observation, and then obtained data was used in a questionnaire design. To determine sample size, Krejcie-Morgan-sample-size-table was used. In quantitative section, a total number of 44 questionnaires with open-ended questions were completed by nomadic women. Rangeland management was studied in three sections of exploitation, conservation, restoration and development. The findings of the present study showed that the effect of labor division pattern on the activities of these families is such that women play their most roles in rangeland exploitation and have a smaller role in the conservation and restoration of rangelands. The results also showed that nomadic women as in the past have played a significant role in the production of livestock and dairy products as well as harvesting of medicinal and edible plants, and they have an important role in the production and supply of these products.
seyed Habibian; Hossein barani; Ahmad Abedi; Adel Sepehri
Volume 25, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 475-488
Abstract
Considering the role and importance of rangelands for supplying animal feeds of the nomads, a study was conducted on the Qashqaee-Tribe (Clan Sesh-Boloki) ecosystem during 2014 and 2015 to determine the dependence of their livestock to the feeding sources including rangelands, crop residues and manual ...
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Considering the role and importance of rangelands for supplying animal feeds of the nomads, a study was conducted on the Qashqaee-Tribe (Clan Sesh-Boloki) ecosystem during 2014 and 2015 to determine the dependence of their livestock to the feeding sources including rangelands, crop residues and manual feeding separately in winter and summer seasons/rangelands, and in the wet and dry years. The method for collecting the data was the field survey based on the library review via questionnaires and interviews, respectively. Cochrane’s criterion/methodology was used to determine the sample size. The validity-reliability of the questionnaires was controlled by the conventional methods. The data were collected through filling in questionnaires and interviews with 405 samples from nomadic households. Then, using statistical software, the data were statistically analyzed. According to the results, the animal dependence of families of nomadic clans of Shesh-blouki tribe on various feeding sources (the rangeland, the crop residues, and manual feeding) in the wet and dry years showed a significant difference (P<0.01). The animal of nomadic families studied was 53.36 percent dependent on the rangelands in the wet years, and 34.8 percent in dry years; the dependence on crop residues in the summer rangeland in the wet years was 25.6 percent and in the dry years was 30.5 percent; the livestock dependence on manual feeding in the winter area in the wet years was 20.9 percent and in the dry years was 34.6 percent. Additionally, in this study, it was found that despite the severe degradation of rangelands, the percentage of livestock dependence of nomadic families to the rangelands is still significant and it seems that this issue has led nomads to continue traditional migrations.
Samaneh Mohammadi; Hossein Barani
Volume 25, Issue 3 , November 2018, , Pages 562-576
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of range management plans in the Mashhad County. Accordingly, 16 range management plans, approved during 1993 to 2012, were studied in three categories including executed, unexecuted and under execution plans. To ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of range management plans in the Mashhad County. Accordingly, 16 range management plans, approved during 1993 to 2012, were studied in three categories including executed, unexecuted and under execution plans. To achieve this purpose, some questionnaires were prepared with respect to the number of the beneficiaries in 15 range allotments and 48 samples were selected at random. The questionnaires were answered by the beneficiaries and the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS software. The results showed that the beneficiaries considered the implementation of these plans to be effective; however, they also face a lot of problems. In areas where range management plans are not implemented, beneficiaries believe that these plans cannot solve many of their problems. However, despite all these problems, they hope that the implementation of these plans will reduce the problems of rangelands, including rangeland ownership. Finally, according to the beneficiaries' responses and many interviews conducted, range management plans are evaluated positively from a socio-economic point of view.
seyed Habibian; Hosein Barani; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani; Adel Sepehri
Volume 25, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 399-416
Abstract
Data gathering was done using 405 respondents from nomads and also 45 respondents from well-skilled and knowledgeable experts regarding migration and livestock grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces with the aim of identification and analyzing the most important factors affecting early and ...
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Data gathering was done using 405 respondents from nomads and also 45 respondents from well-skilled and knowledgeable experts regarding migration and livestock grazing management in Fars and Bushehr provinces with the aim of identification and analyzing the most important factors affecting early and well-timed migration toward summer rangelands in Qashqai nomad (Shesh-Bolooki tribe) ecosystem in 2015. Descriptive and analytic methodology was applied using questionnaire and interview methods. In this study, the views of two respondent groups were assessed using Likert scale (five ordered response levels). Then, they were compared through parametric and non-parametric tests including analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The results showed that there was a significant difference between experts and beneficiaries views with regard to the priority of factors (P<0.01). Based on experts’ views, the lack of enough forage in winter rangelands, early warm weather in winter rangelands, decreasing of precipitation and consecutive droughts, not having grazing license in winter rangelands and degradation of migration route were the most important factors affecting early migration. However, according to the beneficiaries’ views, reduced precipitation and consecutive droughts, not-having grazing license for winter rangelands, lack of enough forage in winter rangelands, lack of health facilities and services on the way from winter rangelands to summer rangelands and competing to reach summer rangelands among the beneficiaries, were introduced as the most important factors affecting early migration. Based upon the experts views, determining migration time by the government in coordination with beneficiaries, establishment of temporary settlements on the way between summer and winter rangelands, controlling the Stipa capensis species in winter rangelands through rangeland improvement plans, assigning rangers for summer rangelands and government support through providing supplementary forage were among the most important factors affecting well timed migration. According to the beneficiaries’ views, existing of suitable forage in winter rangelands, government support through supplementary forage provision, lack of competition between beneficiaries on reaching and exploiting summer rangelands, existing of enough forage in winter rangelands and having enough drinking water in winter rangelands rangelands In this research, it was found that there is a significant correlation between experts views (P <0.01); however, no significant correlation was found between the beneficiaries views.
Razieh Sabohi; Hosein Barani; Morteza Khodagholi; Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani; Asghar Tahmasebi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 438-453
Abstract
Undoubtedly, one of the most important and impressionable societies to climate changes are nomadic societies and indigenous knowledge has pervasive roles in range and livestock management. For this purpose, perception and knowledge of the pastoral nomads to climate change were determined ...
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Undoubtedly, one of the most important and impressionable societies to climate changes are nomadic societies and indigenous knowledge has pervasive roles in range and livestock management. For this purpose, perception and knowledge of the pastoral nomads to climate change were determined in summer rangelands of Semirom. The study population included the nomads of summer rangelands in Semirom. A total of 7700 nomads from different tribes of Qashqaei including Dareshoori, Amale, Shesh bolooki, and Farsimadan use summer rangeland of Semirom. To evaluate the indigenous knowledge and adaptation of nomads to climate changes, several methods were used such as depth and group interviews and questionnaires. The effects of age, sex, education, and range elevation were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. The nomads believe that changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind are the main signs of climate change, as over 90 percent of nomads believe to precipitation decrease, increasing temperature, and wind speed. The most of the questions are influenced by age, sex, education, and range elevation. The questionnaires refer to adaptations such as delay time of migration, construction of block houses and pools, reducing livestock, feeding livestock with other forage resources etc. Our results showed that nomads of Qashqaei tribes acquired a perception about climate change during living in the nature.