Mehdi Moameri; Mohamad Fayaz; Masoume Abbasi Khalaki; Ziaaddin Almasi
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 1-13
Abstract
This study was conducted in northern Khorasan province to investigate the indigenous knowledge of herders about livestock grazing management. In this study, the statistical population included herders and elderly people who use the rangelands traditionally. In each tribe or village, three people were ...
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This study was conducted in northern Khorasan province to investigate the indigenous knowledge of herders about livestock grazing management. In this study, the statistical population included herders and elderly people who use the rangelands traditionally. In each tribe or village, three people were selected to do interview and complete the questionnaires. Data collection was conducted using interviews and questionnaires, as well as observing the herders' activities in the field. The Likert scale was used for scoring and quantitative evaluation of questions for the study species. Our results confirmed the wide knowledge of herders used in different aspects of livestock grazing management including livestock distribution and uniform utilization of rangeland, night grazing, selecting the resting and grazing place for livestock, segmentation of rangeland with traditional methods, and ensuring the safety of drinking water for livestock. On the other hand, results showed that, actually, herders paid little attention to observing livestock grazing capacity and preventing or reducing selective grazing.
Parya Kamali; Reza Erfanzadeh; Seyed Hamzeh Kahnoooj
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 14-22
Abstract
Determining the forage quality of plant species is among the factors necessary for proper range management. Therefore, the crude protein of 14 species was measured in two phenological stages in Kahnuj (Kerman province) using Kjeldahl methodology. The crude protein content of the study species was compared ...
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Determining the forage quality of plant species is among the factors necessary for proper range management. Therefore, the crude protein of 14 species was measured in two phenological stages in Kahnuj (Kerman province) using Kjeldahl methodology. The crude protein content of the study species was compared using ANOVA, and a paired t test was used to compare the crude protein content of each species between the two phenological stages. In addition, one-sample t-test was used to compare the average crude protein with critical level. According to the obtained results, the protein content of the study species showed significant differences at each phenological stage, so that in the vegetative stage, the highest and lowest crude protein was recorded for Astragalus triboloides (19.61%) and Ziziphus spina-christ (4.18%), respectively. In seed ripening stage, the highest and lowest crude protein content was recorded for Rhazia stricta (14.85%) and Stipa capensis (5.23%), respectively. The crude protein showed a downward trend for all species except two. The average content of crude protein measured at vegetative stage was higher as compared with the critical level. However, this difference was not significant for the second stage. Overall, preservation and development of species having high percentage of crude protein with low changes in protein during the growing season like Taverniera cuneifolia is recommended.
Zohre Akbari; Seyed Hamid MatinKHah; Mohsen Nael
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 23-28
Abstract
This research was aimed to achieve a method resulting in further establishment and survival of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings as well as increased water productivity. The study was conducted in the Sejzi plain for nine months. In this experiment, Haloxylon ammodendron was cultivated in the study area ...
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This research was aimed to achieve a method resulting in further establishment and survival of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings as well as increased water productivity. The study was conducted in the Sejzi plain for nine months. In this experiment, Haloxylon ammodendron was cultivated in the study area under two treatments: plastic film and control. Porous plastic films were applied to avoid water loss. Both treatments were under the same conditions.This project was carried out in a completely randomized design over a period of nine months. During this period, indicators such as seedling height and crown diameter were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Our results clearly showed that the plastic film was a suitable water-supplying technique for the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in such areas with severe evapotranspiration and high-speed winds. The land of Sejzi is porous, leading to the water loss; therefore, the success of this method is related to avoiding the loss of water needed for plant growth.
Gholamhosein Rahmani; Reza Bagheri; Ahmad Pourmirzaee
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 29-36
Abstract
Preference value is defined as selection of available species by livestock. In this study, the preference value of 12 perennial species and annual grasses was determined for five months in semi-steppe rangelands of Kerman. The average annual rainfall of the study area is 270 mm. The obtained data were ...
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Preference value is defined as selection of available species by livestock. In this study, the preference value of 12 perennial species and annual grasses was determined for five months in semi-steppe rangelands of Kerman. The average annual rainfall of the study area is 270 mm. The obtained data were analyzed using SAS statistical software based on a factorial design and mean comparisons were performed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. According to the results, significant differences were found among the study species as well as the interaction effect of species in month (p < 0.01). In addition, a higher preference value was recorded for annual and perennial grasses.
Seyed Morteza Abtahi; Amrali Shahmoradi; Abbas Kianipour
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 37-50
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the autecology of Stipagrostis karelini in the sand dunes of Isfahan province. Initially, the habitat map was prepared and characteristics including topographyclimate, soil, associated species, and the presence of this species in vegetation cover were determined. ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the autecology of Stipagrostis karelini in the sand dunes of Isfahan province. Initially, the habitat map was prepared and characteristics including topographyclimate, soil, associated species, and the presence of this species in vegetation cover were determined. In addition, the phenology and root system of the mentioned species was investigated. According to the results, this species grows on the sand dunes of Kashan (Rig Boland) at an altitude of 750 to 1150 meters above sea level on all slope aspects. The habitat has a sandy and sandy-loam textured soil. Soil electrical conductivity varies in different parts of the habitat as well as at different soil depths, ranging between 2.5-3 ds m-1. Soil pH of the habitat ranges between 7.5 and 8.2. The average annual precipitation in the natural habitats of this species is 80-140 mm. The mean minimum and maximum temperatures are 3.8 °C and 33.6 °C respectively The absolute minimum and maximum temperature are -12 °C and 47.8 °C, respectively. The vegetative growth of this species starts from late March. The flowers appear in May and seeds ripen in mid-June. The study species has a fibrous root system, around which is covered with sand and the root penetrates the sand up to one meter at a radius of about 2 meters.
Mohamad Hasan Bahmadi; Alireza Shahryari
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 51-57
Abstract
The beneficial use of water resources is one of the important ways of compatibility with drought and preventing desertification process. It should also be tried to use rainfall and surface currents as effectively as possible. The study area including three sites (crescent pond, contour furrow, and control) ...
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The beneficial use of water resources is one of the important ways of compatibility with drought and preventing desertification process. It should also be tried to use rainfall and surface currents as effectively as possible. The study area including three sites (crescent pond, contour furrow, and control) had the same conditions in terms of topography, general slope, aspect, hydrographic network density, soil texture, and soil structure. Then, 15 transects of 100 meters were laid in each site in a random-systematic way on which 30 plots were established. The plot size was calculated to be 16 square meters using the minimal area method. In each plot, vegetation parameters such as canopy cover percentage, density, and production were measured. The collected data were examined in terms of the homogeneity of variances with Leven test, and the normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The differences among the study sites were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using SPSS software. The results showed significant differences among the three study sites (p < 0.05). Our results clearly showed that crescent pond and contour furrow were more effective in restoration and increasing of vegetation cover as compared with control. Moreover, crescent pond was more effective in increasing of vegetation cover.
Fazel Amiri; Ebrahim Gavili
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 58-69
Abstract
In this study, the nutritive value of several important range species was investigated in semiarid rangelands of central Zagros in 2010. Sampling was performed within the 2-square-meter plots by clipping method. The important forage quality indices; Nitrogen (N), Crude Protein (CP), Ash, Ether Extract ...
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In this study, the nutritive value of several important range species was investigated in semiarid rangelands of central Zagros in 2010. Sampling was performed within the 2-square-meter plots by clipping method. The important forage quality indices; Nitrogen (N), Crude Protein (CP), Ash, Ether Extract (Ee), Natural Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Digestible Energy (DE), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Metabolizable Energy (ME), Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were analyzed. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The correlation between quality parameters was determined based on the relative quality index in MVSP, Mosaic, and PC-ORD software. There was a positive correlation between CP, DMD, DMI, and RFV for all species; however, a negative correlation was found between ADF, CP, and RFV. The results of the statistical analysis showed that forage quality of species (Leguminoseae and Gramineae) was significantly different (p < 0.05). Almost in all the grass species studied, the higher levels of ADF and NDF caused to reduce the forage quality of these species. In addition, based on the measured parameters, the highest and lowest forage quality were related to Cachrys acaulis (RFV=289.46) and Agropyron trichophorom(RFV=87.89), respectively.
Zahra KHdematolrasoul; Reza Ghazavi; Seyed Hojat Mousavi
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 70-79
Abstract
Tourism development in places that have the potential to attract tourists could be employed as an effective tool for comprehensive growth and development of communities.Fars province is considered as one of the important tourism centers in Iran in terms ofhaving numerous natural, historical, and ...
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Tourism development in places that have the potential to attract tourists could be employed as an effective tool for comprehensive growth and development of communities.Fars province is considered as one of the important tourism centers in Iran in terms ofhaving numerous natural, historical, and cultural potentials, among which desert regions could be mentioned. This research was aimed to evaluate the desert tourism attractions of Shiraz Desert and determine the strategies for sustainable tourism development using SWOT. In this regard, initially, the capabilities and limitations of the study area were identified and after consultation with experts, questionnaires were developed and given to the tourists in the region and natural resources experts. Then, the results of questionnaires were analyzed using SWOT and statistical tests in SPSS software. According to the obtained results, growth and development strategy is recommended for development of desert ecotourism.
Salahaddin Zahedi; Mina Bayat; Farhang Ghasriani
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 80-91
Abstract
In the past decade, extensive changes have occurred in the land use and land cover of Qeshlaq dam watershed. The rangelands of the study area have undergone extensive changes, converted to other land uses, or lost their quality. The continuation of this process not only reduces the forage production ...
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In the past decade, extensive changes have occurred in the land use and land cover of Qeshlaq dam watershed. The rangelands of the study area have undergone extensive changes, converted to other land uses, or lost their quality. The continuation of this process not only reduces the forage production and consequently livestock production but also increases unemployment and migration to the city, leading to increasing soil erosion and sediment yield as well as reduced size of the dam reservoir and reduced economic life. This research was aimed to detect and provide the map for the land-cover changes in the study area during 1987 and 2010 using TM Landsat 5 satellite images. In this regard, the available data of the study area and the data collected from field were used as ancillary data. Maximum land-use changes, with a reduction of 4857 ha in area, were related to the class II rangelands, followed by class III rangelands with an increase of 2983 ha, and agricultural irrigated lands with an increase of 1641 ha, respectively. Our results clearly confirm the heavy grazing in the study area and conversion of rangelands to agricultural lands.
Farideh Saghafi Khadem; Ali Ehsani; Masoumeh Shahabi
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 92-107
Abstract
Studying the phenology of range species is an important factor in management actions for optimal utilization of these species. On the other hand, drought and stresses arising from it cause to the changes in plant growth stages, affecting forage yield. Bromus kopetdaghensis ، Festuca arundinacea ...
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Studying the phenology of range species is an important factor in management actions for optimal utilization of these species. On the other hand, drought and stresses arising from it cause to the changes in plant growth stages, affecting forage yield. Bromus kopetdaghensis ، Festuca arundinacea ، Stipa arabica and Poa bulbosa are the main elements of semi-steppe areas to dry forests of Khorasan rangelands as relatively palatable species, grazed by livestock. In the current research, phenology of the mentioned species was studied during 2007-2010. Moisture conditions and drought classes were also studied by Standardize Precipitation Index (SPI) in rangelands of Binalood, Khorasan Razavi province in a twenty-year period. Effects of different drought periods were investigated on emergence of plant organs and the period length of vegetative and reproductive stages. Results showed that reproductive growth was shorter during drought period. Under drought conditions of 2008, vegetative growth was started earlier compared to other years and the change from vegetative to reproductive stage occurred in a shorter period. Results of growth degree-day showed that the range was from 2814.12 in 2010 to 2406.95 centigrade degree in 2008. Consequently, GDD model could be used with relatively high accuracy in determining the appropriate time for livestock entry and exit.
Mohsen Padyab; Sadat Feiznia
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 108-117
Abstract
In order to determine the amount of reduced permeability in the Gachsaran floodwater spreading station, sampling was performed at four points of the first and second strips of both channels and at a depth of 0-15 cm from the ground. Totally, samples were taken at 16 points. In addition, in order to determine ...
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In order to determine the amount of reduced permeability in the Gachsaran floodwater spreading station, sampling was performed at four points of the first and second strips of both channels and at a depth of 0-15 cm from the ground. Totally, samples were taken at 16 points. In addition, in order to determine the permeability changes of the spreading site, random sampling was performed in a place near the study site at four points with the same depth and no water spreading operations.Then, the samples were granulated with a series of standard sieves and the permeability of each point was estimated using the respective tables. According to the obtained results, permeability showed a significant reduction in flood spreading site, on average four times less than that of the start of the project. The reduced permeability of flood spreading areas is the most important limiting factor for implementation and maintenance of this type of artificial recharge projects.
Morteza Khodagholi; Morteza Akbarzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 118-127
Abstract
This study was conducted to demonstrate the growth behavior of Andrachne fruticosus L, Artemisia sieberi Besser، Euphorbia decipiens Boiss and Buhse، Noaea mucronataForssk، Scariola orientalis Sojak، Stachys inflate Benth، Stipa arabica Trin & Rupr and annual species in the Soh rangelands of ...
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This study was conducted to demonstrate the growth behavior of Andrachne fruticosus L, Artemisia sieberi Besser، Euphorbia decipiens Boiss and Buhse، Noaea mucronataForssk، Scariola orientalis Sojak، Stachys inflate Benth، Stipa arabica Trin & Rupr and annual species in the Soh rangelands of Meimeh, Isfahan during 2008 to 2010. To determine the production and consumption of the study species, a number of eight individuals for each species were selected for all months of growing and grazing season within the exclosure area as well as in the grazing area. Results showed that different years and months had significant effect on production of the study species (p < 0.01). According to the results recorded during the experiment, the average production of six perennials and annuals was calculated to be 255.9 kg dry forage per hectare. The highest production rate was obtained for Artemisia sieberi and annuals, 38.2% and 32.9% of total forage production, respectively. Production changes were totally affected by changes in the volume and distribution of rainfall and the correlation coefficient between them was statistically significant in all species except Euphorbia decipiens. The production of the study species showed high fluctuation in response to the most severe drought in 2008. Forage production of the study species in the high-production year was 4.5-20 times higher as compared with the low-production year. For all species, the highest forage production was obtained in May. The consumption rate varied in different years and the highest consumption was recorded in 2009 for all species except Euphorbia decipiens. As well, the highest consumption rate was recorded for annuals during the three study years.
Ahmadreza Panahian; Hamidreza Naseri; Majid Karimpour Reyhan; Mohamad Jafari; Seyed Alireza Hoseini
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 128-137
Abstract
Carbon absorption by plant tissues and sequestration in soil is one of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cultivation of plants and proper management lead to increased biomass of native plants, increased photosynthesis level and carbon adsorption as well as increasing the amount ...
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Carbon absorption by plant tissues and sequestration in soil is one of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The cultivation of plants and proper management lead to increased biomass of native plants, increased photosynthesis level and carbon adsorption as well as increasing the amount of carbon input to soil.Roadside is among the areas having the ability to absorb carbon with a high ecological potential. The aim of this research was to measure the carbon storage in the sagebrush stands of the Eyvanakey-Garmsar roadside. For this purpose, 10 plots of 120 square meters were randomly established along three transects of 1,000 meters. In each plot, soil profiles were dug at the foot of the plants and the space between them, and soil samples were taken at three depths of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-50 cm in five replications. According to the obtained results, the total carbon sequestration in the soil profile was calculated to be 59.518 tons per hectare, and the total organic carbon stored in the aboveground and underground biomass of sagebrush was equal to 340.8 kg per hectare. To increase carbon sequestration in rangelands, the applied ecosystem management options must be based on three criteria including soil, biomass, and litter. Overall, plant cultivation in the roadside will result in reduced erosion and noise pollution as well as creating ecological corridor, landscape, and microclimate.
Hamzeh Ali Shirmardi; Atosa Mojiri; Mostafa Saeedfar; Mohamadreza Tatian; Parviz Gholami
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 138-149
Abstract
Livestock grazing can lead to changes in plant composition. In this study, the effect of four grazing intensities including heavy, moderate, light and no grazing (exclosure) were studied on vegetation indices in order to improve management practices and proper planning for sustainable use of rangelands ...
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Livestock grazing can lead to changes in plant composition. In this study, the effect of four grazing intensities including heavy, moderate, light and no grazing (exclosure) were studied on vegetation indices in order to improve management practices and proper planning for sustainable use of rangelands in Karsanak and Bardeh area in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province of Iran. Therefore, vegetation sampling was done to record canopy cover percentage and vegetation composition under four grazing intensities. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, t-test,andordination method (CCA) to assess vegetation changes under different grazing intensities. Results showed that plant species such as Agropyron repens, Bromus tomentellus, Astragalus effuses and Poa bulbosa were more found in exclosure and light grazing area.The major species found in heavy grazing area were Boissiera squarrosa, Echinops leiopolyceras, Sisymbrium irio and Euphorbia heteradenia. Due to the vegetation damage and reduction of palatable species, a moderate grazing is recommended in the study rangeland.
leila kashi zenouzi; Shahram Banedj Schafiee; Hosein Saadat
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 150-160
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between the distribution of range species including: Astragaluss microcephalus, Bromus tomentellus, Onobrichis cornuta and some soil physicochemical properties. After overlaying the maps of land-use, slope percentage, and geology, and forming the ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between the distribution of range species including: Astragaluss microcephalus, Bromus tomentellus, Onobrichis cornuta and some soil physicochemical properties. After overlaying the maps of land-use, slope percentage, and geology, and forming the homogenous land units in the Zilber Chay Watershed, 35 soil samples were taken by stratified random sampling method. Soil physicochemical properties including texture, pH, EC, lime, and organic matter were measured. The soil factors related to each of these range species were obtained by overlaying the maps of range species distribution with land unit maps. First, the relationship between the presence of these range species with soil factors was investigated using logistic regression method. Then, the vegetation density map was prepared using Landsat satellite images and NDVI index for the land units in which the range vegetation type As.mi-Br.to-On.co was found. The values of area density percentage for the vegetation cover related to the range type As.mi-Br.to-On.co were calculated using area density model. According to the results of paired samples test, there was no significance difference among the measured values at 0-15 and 15-45 cm soil depths, except for soil acidity and electrical conductivity. The statistical analysis of the relationship between soil physiochemical properties at 0-15 and 15-45 cm soil depths was performed using multiple linear regression method. The determination coefficient of multiple linear regression model was calculated to be 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.42 and 0.69, respectively, for the vegetation densities of 30, 50, 65, 85 and 100% at 0-15 cm soil depth. In addition, the regression coefficients of soil acidity and electrical conductivity were calculated to be 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.42, and 0.69, respectively, for the vegetation densities of 30, 50, 65, 85, and 100% at 15-45 cm soil depth. This result indicated that the vegetation density of As.mi-Br.to-On.co was affected by the amount of organic matter, pH, and soil texture at 0-15 cm soil depth in the study area.
Hasan Yeghaneh; Hosein Azarnivand; Iraj Saleh; Hosein Arzani; Hamid Amirnejad
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 161-176
Abstract
In this study, the economic value of soil conservation function was estimated for the Taham watershed, Zanjan. Therefore, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was determined using EPM models. Soil nutrient levels were determined with soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the ...
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In this study, the economic value of soil conservation function was estimated for the Taham watershed, Zanjan. Therefore, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was determined using EPM models. Soil nutrient levels were determined with soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the value of rangeland ecosystems in the maintenance of soil nutrients were estimated separately using the results of soil analysis and opportunity cost method. In addition, the opportunity cost method was used to determine the functions of reduced loss of lands and sediment control. According to the results obtained for total economic value of soil conservation functions, the value of rangeland ecosystems in the study area was estimated to be 1.44 billion Rials per year, and the economic value per hectare rangeland was determined to be 104000 Rials. Among the vegetation types investigated, the highest economic value was recorded for Feov-Asmi-Brto (171000 Rials per hectare per year). The valuation of soil conservation function can provide accurate information for managers and planners for natural resources conservation, leading to develop more accurate plans in this field.
Daryoush Ghorbanian; Ehsan Zandi Esfahan; Mohamad Amirjan
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 177-187
Abstract
Aellenia subaphylla is a perennial plant species and resistant to drought and salinity, distributed in the winter rangelands and at the margins of the interior deserts such as Damghan desert. In early autumn that available forage is reduced in rangelands, this species produces a considerable forage in ...
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Aellenia subaphylla is a perennial plant species and resistant to drought and salinity, distributed in the winter rangelands and at the margins of the interior deserts such as Damghan desert. In early autumn that available forage is reduced in rangelands, this species produces a considerable forage in addition to a good annual growth. To study the forage quality of Aellenia subaphylla at three growth stages of vegetative, flowering and seeding stages, the branches of 10 species were randomly sampled with three replications. Then the samples were dried and milled. Six forage quality traits including DMD, WSC, CP, CF, ME and ADF were measured. The average of DMD, CP, CF, WSC, Ash, ME, and ADF were estimated to be 35.14%, 17.35%, 40.93%, 13.9%, 6.58%, 3.97 MJ kg-1 dry matter, and 60.45%, respectively. The results of ANOVA and mean comparisons of the traits studied indicated that the forage quality of Aellenia subaphylla was affected by phenological stages. The highest and the lowest CP content were observed at flowering and seeding stages, respectively. The minimum amount of CP for most domestic or wild herbivores for maintenance is reported to be 7.5%. Therefore, this species could supply the CP requirements of livestock. In the flowering stage, ADF and CP increased significantly while a significant reduction was observed in CF, indicating that flowering stage could be recommended for forage utilization. In addition, the average values of DMD, WSC and ME at seeding stage were significantly higher than those of vegetative and flowering stages. Therefore, seeding stage could also be recommended for livestock nutrition. Our results clearly showed that the best time for forage utilization of Aellenia subaphylla, distributed widely in the winter rangelands, was consistent with flowering and seeding stages. On the other hand, this species produces a large amount of seeds, increasing the forage quality at seeding stage. Given that the forage quality of the species studied here was acceptable during flowering and seeding stages, a proper use of this species could be taken into consideration for livestock feed through a sound range management.
Zahra Eslamian; Mehdi Ghorbani; Tayebeh Mesbah zadeh; Hamed Rafiee
Volume 23, Issue 1 , June 2016, Pages 188-196
Abstract
D Desertification and land degradation have created a defective cycle of environmental problems, and have intensified degradation trend. Economic-social challenges and political crisis are considered parts of the consequences of land degradation, which may increase the vulnerability of the affected societies. ...
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D Desertification and land degradation have created a defective cycle of environmental problems, and have intensified degradation trend. Economic-social challenges and political crisis are considered parts of the consequences of land degradation, which may increase the vulnerability of the affected societies. To strengthen the resilience of local communities to cope with any natural disaster, it is necessary to identify and prioritize the impact of these phenomena to solve them based on prioritization of these effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate and prioritize the social - economic impact with moderate desertification in the Nasrabad region from the perspective of local communities and the participation of the villagers in line with desertification. In this study, numerical taxonomy was used to prioritize socio-economic impacts of desertification. Using the Cochran formula and given the population of the study area (5579 Person), 80 samples were collected. In this study, due to the average wind erosion, the first rank was allocated to the spread of dust and environmental problems from the perspective of local communities. The people of the region, more than anyone else, have experienced and understood the ways of interacting with these fragile ecosystems over time. Therefore, these interaction methods should be considered as the key to solving the challenges of desertification or as the best and perhaps last chance to deal with it comprehensively.