Ahmad Mousavi; Ali Ehsani; Farhad Aghajanlou
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 208-197
Abstract
Phenology studies are one of the appropriate tools to determine the utilization time of rangelands.This research was aimed to study the phenology of Festuca ovina in the Bademestan rangelands of Zanjan province, located at 45 km northeast of Zanjan for four years. The results showed that the study species ...
Read More
Phenology studies are one of the appropriate tools to determine the utilization time of rangelands.This research was aimed to study the phenology of Festuca ovina in the Bademestan rangelands of Zanjan province, located at 45 km northeast of Zanjan for four years. The results showed that the study species had a very special reaction to the rainfall amount and time, especially during the growing season i.e., from the onset of spring to July. In other words, no reproductive growth and formation of flowers were recorded in 2007-2008, whose rainfall was much less than average during the growing season (57.2 mm in the spring quarter). A sharp decline in rainfall during the spring caused the species not to complete its phenology and produce seeds. The year 2009-2010 had much less rainfall as compared with the year 2007-2008; however, due to the good rainfall in spring 2010, Festuca ovina could complete all phenological stages and flowering stage occurred. Therefore, it seems that the spring rains are vital for this species to complete the plant life cycle.
Alireza Eftekhari; Hosein Arzani; Ehsan Zandi Esfahan; esmaiel Alizadeh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 218-209
Abstract
Given the breadth and importance of rangelands in water and soil conservation, fodder production and environmental services and evidence of the destruction of this resource, some measures must be taken to prevent damage and also improve its condition. One of the most important measures is preparation ...
Read More
Given the breadth and importance of rangelands in water and soil conservation, fodder production and environmental services and evidence of the destruction of this resource, some measures must be taken to prevent damage and also improve its condition. One of the most important measures is preparation and implementation of Range Management Plans. Hence, it is necessary to consider implemented projects to know that how much they have contributed in preventing damage and improving rangelands. In this research winter rangelands (with and without Range Management Plans) were investigated in Zarandieh. For this purpose, 16 rangelands with Range Management plan and 14 rangelands without Range Management plan were selected so that all management types (private, collective and different areas of rangeland) were taken into consideration with same climate conditions as far as possible. Consequently all rangelands were selected from Mamoonieh-Zarandieh region with warm and dry weather. After calculating the number of plots (60) and its size (2m2) in each vegetation type, a reference area was selected in which vegetation factors including canopy cover, yield, density, litter, species richness, range condition and trend were evaluated in time of range readiness. Statistical analysis of data was performed by t-test. According to the results, there were significant differences between studied rangelands in most of factors. Overall result of the study showed a better condition for rangelands with Range Management Plans.
Mehran Lashani Zand; Yahya Parvizi; leila Ebrahimi; Bita Masoudi; Bahman Rafiee
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 230-219
Abstract
The Earth's climate change, caused by greenhouse gases due to the expanding the use of fossil fuels, destruction of vegetation and soil degradation , is the most serious threat to sustainable development and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world such as Iran.Carbon sequestration ...
Read More
The Earth's climate change, caused by greenhouse gases due to the expanding the use of fossil fuels, destruction of vegetation and soil degradation , is the most serious threat to sustainable development and food security, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world such as Iran.Carbon sequestration in vegetation ecosystems through management methods like biological operations is an important strategy to deal with this problem.This research was aimed to compare the amount of carbon sequestration resulting from biological operations in two catchments: Rimele and Abkhandari, Khoram Abad province. Sampling was carried out along the transects and within the plots. Then, samples were dried and weighted in plots and hectare. The amount of carbon sequestration was determined per unit area. According to the obtained results, the highest and lowest carbon sequestration were recorded for the Rimele catchment (1604 kg/ ha) and Abkhandari catchment (122 kg/ ha), respectively. In addition, significant differences were found for carbon sequestration between the study sites.
reza bagheri; sedighe mohammadi; mehrdad saljooghi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 243-231
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of land use change on some soil physical properties. Six sites with similar ecological conditions including ungrazed site (UG), heavily grazed site (HG), moderately grazed site (MG), plowed Glycyrrhiza glabra site (Gl T), dry farming site (D), ...
Read More
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of land use change on some soil physical properties. Six sites with similar ecological conditions including ungrazed site (UG), heavily grazed site (HG), moderately grazed site (MG), plowed Glycyrrhiza glabra site (Gl T), dry farming site (D), and fallow site (F) were selected in Jamalabad region of Baft city. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with six replications in 2013. Soil sampling was performed in the study sites and soil physical properties were measured. The results showed that a continuous plowing in Gl T site (plowed every 3-4 years) had no negative impact on soil erodibility; however, if plowing is repeated every year consecutively (the dry farming site), the harmful effects of plowing on soil erodibility will appear and remain on soil along time. The rangelands under grazing management (moderate grazing) significantly reduced the soil erodibility, compared to heavily grazed site; however, there was no significant difference between ungrazed and moderately grazed sites. The bulk density increased in the heavily grazed site (0.35 gr/cm3) compared to moderately grazed and ungrazed sites and there was no significant difference between ungrazed and moderately grazed sites. According to the obtained results, rangeland conservation and moderate grazing strategy are recommended to be applied by the natural resources agencies.
yousef safavi; Ali Ashraf Jafari; Mehrnaz Riasat
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 254-244
Abstract
In this study, the effects of water stress on seedling growth characteristics were studied in Agropyron tauri and Agropyron repens. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2010. Six Agropyron repens genotypes and ...
Read More
In this study, the effects of water stress on seedling growth characteristics were studied in Agropyron tauri and Agropyron repens. The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in 2010. Six Agropyron repens genotypes and four Agropyron tauri genotypes were selected from the gene bank of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands and were arranged in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Factors A and B were the genotypes and drought levels, respectively. Drought stress levels were 100, 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity, and the measured characteristics were shoot length, root length, root/shoot ratio, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, dry weight/fresh weight ratio, and leaf area. There were statistically significant differences among drought treatments, genotypes, and interaction effects of accessions with land, in most of the above characteristics. Five drought resistance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were calculated. By assigning the highest indices, the genotype A.tauri (99) showed the highest resistance in most of the traits tested.According to the obtained results, genotype A.tauri (99) as the best and genotypes A. repens (211), A. repens (217), A. repens (224), and A. repens (225) in the next rank could be recommended for rangeland improvement and reclamation in arid regions.
Mohammadreza Ekhtesasi; Asghar Zare chahouki
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 264-255
Abstract
Estimating the amount of wind erosion in the plains of Iran is the most important requirement for planning and selecting appropriate methods of erosion control. Two approaches including IRIFR1 Model and wind erosion meter were used to measure and estimate the erosion and deposition potential in the Segzi ...
Read More
Estimating the amount of wind erosion in the plains of Iran is the most important requirement for planning and selecting appropriate methods of erosion control. Two approaches including IRIFR1 Model and wind erosion meter were used to measure and estimate the erosion and deposition potential in the Segzi plain of Esfahan. Initially, different landforms of the Segzi plain including coarse grain plain, medium grain plain, and fine grain plain were detected. In order to measure the deposition potential, initially in each of the landforms per different wind speeds, the amount of soil erosion was measured within an hour using the wind erosion meter. The continuity of wind blowing for each wind speed class was estimated by analyzing the wind roses of East Isfahan station during the year. Finally, the erodibility rate of each landform was determined by integrating the multiplication of the continuity of each wind speed class and erodibility. In order to use the IRIFR1model, while visiting the desert, the scores of each index were given to the landforms and the deposition potential was estimated. The results showed that the amount of wind erosion of each studied landforms from coarse reg, average reg, fine reg and very fine reg were 2, 13.2, 21.3 and 74.1 ton/ha/yr, respectively. On the other hand, the values obtained from both models show differences of 5% to 30% in different landforms. The average amount of deposition obtained from IRIFR1 is about 11% less than the values obtained from wind erosion meter.
Taghi Mirhaji; Farhang Ghasriani; Farhad Azhir
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 274-265
Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the best harvesting intensity for key and indicator species including Agropyron intermedium, Oryzopsis holciform, and Thymus fedtschenkoi in the cold semi steppe rangelands of Firoozkooh. Treatments consisted of different harvesting intensities of 25%, 50%, 75%, and ...
Read More
This research was aimed to determine the best harvesting intensity for key and indicator species including Agropyron intermedium, Oryzopsis holciform, and Thymus fedtschenkoi in the cold semi steppe rangelands of Firoozkooh. Treatments consisted of different harvesting intensities of 25%, 50%, 75%, and control. In the first year, an area of one hectare was selected and fenced. From each of the above species, 40 average individuals were selected and each of the above treatments was applied on 10 individuals. The study individuals were distinguished by numbered signs and the harvesting was done manually by clipper. The data were analyzed in a split plot design in time and the means were compared using Duncan test. The results showed that the highest (24.59, 10.57, and 10.52 g) and the lowest (20.17, 9.91, and 5.78 g) yield were obtained at 25% and 75% harvesting intensities. According to the results of means comparison in different, the reduction of forage yield was affected by the harvesting intensity. The lowest (15.61, 8.59, 9.14 g) and highest (24.6, 10.8, 12.7 g) forage yield were recorded for the low-rain year (2008) and the wet year (2009), respectively. Therefore, a harvesting intensity of 25-50% could be recommended for the study species.
Leila Khalasi Ahvazi; Mohammad ali zare chahouki
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 287-275
Abstract
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is new information processing structures that uses special methods for biological neural networks. The main purpose of this study was to modeling of Seidlitzia rosmarinus distribution in northeast rangelands of Semnan by ANN model. For this purpose, vegetation sampling ...
Read More
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is new information processing structures that uses special methods for biological neural networks. The main purpose of this study was to modeling of Seidlitzia rosmarinus distribution in northeast rangelands of Semnan by ANN model. For this purpose, vegetation sampling was carried out in each vegetation type along three transects of 750 m, on which 15 plots were established with an interval of 50 m. Soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-20 cm and 20-80 cm in starting and ending points of each transect. To provide the prediction map of plant species distribution, different layers of environmental factors used in the model are required. The geostatistics method was applied for mapping soil properties based on the prediction model obtained from ANN method for S. rosmarinus. The back-propagation neural network with three-layer- perceptron network was designed to generate the ANN model and seven neurons in the input layer, ten neurons in the hidden layer, and one neuron in the output layer were used. The accuracy of the prediction map was tested with actual vegetation maps and the Kappa coefficient was calculated to be 72%, indicating a very good agreement. Results showed that this species is distributed in rangelands with a pH of 8.1-8.3, an EC 0.22-0.26 dS/m, in a silty-sandy textured soil, and an altitude of 1600-1750 meters. it is highly correlated with lime and pH in two depths.
Alireza Arab Ameri; Mohsen Pourkhosravani
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 298-288
Abstract
Sustainable management of natural resources requires the assessment and classification of environmental and ecological potentials. Nabkha landscape is the natural reaction of ecosystems against wind erosion, with which the pressure of the winds armed with dust is reduced. Therefore, the development of ...
Read More
Sustainable management of natural resources requires the assessment and classification of environmental and ecological potentials. Nabkha landscape is the natural reaction of ecosystems against wind erosion, with which the pressure of the winds armed with dust is reduced. Therefore, the development of nebkha systems is the best and the most suitable method for sand stabilization and wind erosion control, particularly in the transportation area. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of nebkha systems and choose the best one using linear assignment method. Our results showed that the Tamarix nebkha was in the first place with the highest impact on flowing sand stabilization and the Seidlitzia nebkha was in last place. Therefore, Tamarix nebkha system is recommended for sand stabilization programs in the region. The results of this research could be useful in management of arid regions.
Narges Naseri Hesar; Mohammad ali Zare chahouki; Mohammad Jafari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 310-299
Abstract
Spatial correlation is the first step in the interpolation of field data and mapping of soil properties.The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of two spatial statistics methods i.e., Kriging and inverse distance weighting for mapping of soil properties. Five sampling units were selected ...
Read More
Spatial correlation is the first step in the interpolation of field data and mapping of soil properties.The aim of this research was to study the efficiency of two spatial statistics methods i.e., Kriging and inverse distance weighting for mapping of soil properties. Five sampling units were selected in the region, and the location of soil profiles was so determined to cover the whole area. In each unit, six profiles and totally 30 soil profiles were dug in the whole area. Soil samples were taken from two depths of 0-20 cm and 20-80cm. Soil variables including gravel, clay, silt, lime, organic matter, pH and EC were measured in both soil depths. In the GS+ software, the accuracy of two spatial statistics methods was tested using cross validation with the help of two statistical parameters: MAE and MBE. According to the results, MAE and MBE, related to the Kriging method, for the majority of soil parameters, are less than that of inverse distance weighting method; therefore, Kriging is a more accurate method to interpolate soil properties.
Mohammadreza Habibian; ali saleh pour
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 321-311
Abstract
This research was performed in semi-steppe rangelands of Fars province in the Cheshmeh Anjir region, in 2013. Soil sampling was performed in a random-systematic manner. In each area, three transects of 50 m were established randomly with a proper distance in an area of about two hectares, and on each ...
Read More
This research was performed in semi-steppe rangelands of Fars province in the Cheshmeh Anjir region, in 2013. Soil sampling was performed in a random-systematic manner. In each area, three transects of 50 m were established randomly with a proper distance in an area of about two hectares, and on each transect, two soil profiles were dug. The soil samples were collected from two depths of 0-25 and 25-60 cm. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study area at three levels (key, reference and critical) and the sampling depth at two levels (0-25 and 25-60 cm) were considered as main factor and sub-factor, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Mean comparison was performed by Duncan's test. The results of this study showed a significant difference (p<0.01) among the grazing management regions in terms of soil physical and chemical properties including pH, organic carbon, sand, clay, and total nitrogen, so that pH and sand percentage increased and clay percentage decreased with increasing of grazing intensity. Meanwhile, with increasing of grazing intensity, organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased in the key area and then increased equivalent to that of reference area. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found between soil depths for the soil pH, and the percentage of sand, silt, phosphorus and total nitrogen. In addition, the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen varied significantly (P<0.01) among transects.
Hamid Alipor; Mahsa Pakdin; Saeedeh nateghi; Ali Dastranj; Seyedeh Negar Hashemi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 329-322
Abstract
Studying the forage quality of range species is among the important factors required for range management. In the present study, the forage quality of range species including Onobrychis transcaspica, Onobrychis radiate, Astragalus brevidens, Melica ciliate, Agropyron pectiniforme, and Sangisorba minor ...
Read More
Studying the forage quality of range species is among the important factors required for range management. In the present study, the forage quality of range species including Onobrychis transcaspica, Onobrychis radiate, Astragalus brevidens, Melica ciliate, Agropyron pectiniforme, and Sangisorba minor were investigated at three phenological stages. The study was conducted in the rangelands of Bojnourd. At each phenological stage, sampling was performed randomly with five replicates. Forage quality indices including CP, ADF, DMD, and ME were measured in the laboratory. The results showed that the forage quality of the study species was higher as compared with flowering and seeding stages, so that with the advancing age of the plant, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, and metabolizable energy reduced and ADF increased. In comparison with grasses, Legumes had the highest CP content (14.53% and the lowest ADF content (43.91%) in all three phenological stages. Among the study species, the maximum and minimum crude protein content was recorded for Astragalus brevidens and Agropyron pectiniforme, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of species and phenological stages were significant (P<0.01) in all forage quality indices.
Shole Haj agha Memar; Farshad Keivan Behjou; Kiomars sefidi; Behzad Behtari
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 343-330
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ecosystem change on emissions and carbon mineralization rate in Fandoghloo region. Soil sampling was performed at three depths (0-30 cm) from the grazing rangeland ecosystem, degraded rangeland ecosystem, and agricultural, ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ecosystem change on emissions and carbon mineralization rate in Fandoghloo region. Soil sampling was performed at three depths (0-30 cm) from the grazing rangeland ecosystem, degraded rangeland ecosystem, and agricultural, ecosystem. Carbon dioxide emissions were measured during incubation with alkali absorption method. The highest and lowest emissions of carbon dioxide and carbon mineralization rate were obtained in the grazing rangeland ecosystem (0.968 mg CO2 g-1 soil and 0.00314 mol C kg-1 soil d-1), and the degraded rangeland ecosystem (4693 mg CO2 g-1 soil, and 0.0015mol C kg-1 soil d-1), respectively, showing a significant difference with other ecosystems at different depth levels. According to the results, significant differences were found for the activity of microorganisms in decomposition of organic matter in the study ecosystems. The dynamics of vegetation and returned fine roots caused high emissions of CO2 in soil of grazing rangeland ecosystem. In the agricultural ecosystem, due to the relatively wet conditions and failure to return organic matter to the soil, the decomposition of inaccessible organic matter caused to decreased soil organic matter and low carbon dioxide emissions.
Farshad Keivan Behjou; Ehsan Zandi esfahan; Babak Mahboub
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 356-344
Abstract
The Talesh summer rangelands is one the resorts affected by ecotourism activities at regional and national levels. This research was aimed to investigate the effects of ecotourism on soil changes. For this purpose, three recreational zones were selected in the rangelands of the study area with low, moderate, ...
Read More
The Talesh summer rangelands is one the resorts affected by ecotourism activities at regional and national levels. This research was aimed to investigate the effects of ecotourism on soil changes. For this purpose, three recreational zones were selected in the rangelands of the study area with low, moderate, and high tourism pressure. Sampling was performed in a random systematic manner. In each zone, six transects of 10 m length were established randomly and on each transect, five quadrates of 25 cm2 were selected at a distance of two meters apart. To study soil physical and chemical properties, five soil samples were taken on each transect at a depth of 0-30 cm. The soil moisture content, volumetric moisture content, soil texture, pH, EC, bulk density, and phosphorus and potassium content were measured in the laboratory. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Duncan's test was applied to compare the means. According to the obtained results, significant differences were found for soil moisture content, volumetric moisture content, organic matter, pH, EC, bulk density, and soil saturation percentage among the three study zones.
Mina Bayat; Hosein Arzani; Adel Jalili
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 372-357
Abstract
In this study, the effects of three important climate factors including rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity were studied on vegetation cover and forage production for ten years (1997-2007) as well as in the Alavijeh and Khondab steppe rangelands, Isfahan province, in 2013. The results of the ...
Read More
In this study, the effects of three important climate factors including rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity were studied on vegetation cover and forage production for ten years (1997-2007) as well as in the Alavijeh and Khondab steppe rangelands, Isfahan province, in 2013. The results of the eleven-year study in steppe rangelands showed that shrubs and grasses had the highest and lowest vegetation cover and production and the average vegetation cover and average production were calculated to be 12% and 124.5 kg per hectare. The results of simple regression analysis showed that in steppe rangelands, the total vegetation cover is affected by annual rainfall and temperature, so that vegetation cover increased with increasing annual rainfall and decreasing temperature. The total production in the study rangelands is affected by annual rainfall, cold season rainfall, and minimum temperature. The long-term production was calculated to be 55 and 176.6 kg per hectare for the Khondab and Alavijeh sites, respectively. According to the results of stepwise regression, using climatic factors, the relative humidity with temperature of December and annual rainfall was identified as the best equation to estimate the annual vegetation cover in the Khondab and Alavijeh sites. In the Khondab site, the temperature of November and total rainfall from March to May was identified as the best equation to estimate the annual production. However, in the Alavijeh site, the total rainfall of growing season, minimum temperature of March, and temperature of May and December was the best. Therefore, the impact of climate conditions on vegetation cover and annual production and different life forms are not similar in the steppe rangelands.
Mohadeseh Arab sarbizhan; Mahdiyeh Ebrahimi; Majid Ajoulou
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 382-373
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of restoration practices on rangeland health in Jiroft. The study was conducted using landscape function analysis (LFA). Three study sites including exclosure (Jebalbarz), contour furrow, and crescent pond in rangelands under grazing management (Anbarabad) ...
Read More
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of restoration practices on rangeland health in Jiroft. The study was conducted using landscape function analysis (LFA). Three study sites including exclosure (Jebalbarz), contour furrow, and crescent pond in rangelands under grazing management (Anbarabad) were selected. Sampling was performed in a random-systematic manner using transects of 50 m and 100 m length, and patches and inter-patches were identified on each transect. Then, the length and width of the patches and distance between them were measured. Five replicates of each patches and inter-patches were selected and 11 soil factors were assessed. In the three study sites and control groups, functional indexes including infiltration, stability, and nutrient cycling were calculated through sum of scores using LFA software and changed to percent values. According to the results, the management activities applied could change the rangeland functional indicators and characteristics, so that range condition improved by exclosure. In addition, the average values recorded for the rangeland health indicators in ecological patches of restoration practices were higher as compared with control group. Duncan test results showed that there were significant differences for three functional indicators among all treatments, so that restoration practices could improve the rangeland function.
Fazel Amiri
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 395-383
Abstract
In order to determine the attractiveness of plants for apiculture, an area was selected in the summer rangelands of Freidan region. To identify the plants and determine the apicultural potential, sampling was conducted randomly along three transects of 200 m and 30 plots when 10-20% of dominant species ...
Read More
In order to determine the attractiveness of plants for apiculture, an area was selected in the summer rangelands of Freidan region. To identify the plants and determine the apicultural potential, sampling was conducted randomly along three transects of 200 m and 30 plots when 10-20% of dominant species were in the flowering stage. The attractivity index (AI) of each plant was determined by direct observation of the films taken from the study area, and averaging the number of bees and the time each bee spent on the flowers. The attractivity index (AI) of plant species was determined using ordination method, classified in four classes as excellent, good, fair and poor. Our results showed that a high number of visitor bees and a high time spent on species were the common characteristics of the plants classified in the class I. In the study area, Compositae, Labiatae, Umbelifera, and Cruciferae were the most important plant families used by bees. Of the 88 species in the region, 70 species, forming the dominant vegetation cover of poor rangelands, are used by bees.
Maedeh Nasri; Mehdi Ghorbani; mohammad jafari; Hosein Azarnivand; Hamed Rafiee
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 403-396
Abstract
One of the major factors driving ecosystem destruction and various environmental problems such as carbon cycle distortion, which in its turn leads to higher greenhouse gas emission, is ignoring and not specifying different ecosystem services and functions such as carbon sequestration in environmental ...
Read More
One of the major factors driving ecosystem destruction and various environmental problems such as carbon cycle distortion, which in its turn leads to higher greenhouse gas emission, is ignoring and not specifying different ecosystem services and functions such as carbon sequestration in environmental planning and investments and the consequent damages of these neglected functions. Thus, quantification of these functions and services and attempting to determine their economic values financially is more important than ever. The present study seeks to estimate the amount of stocked carbon and produced oxygen by biomass of Mallard County rangelands. Economic valuation of stocked carbon function was carried out by carbon tax method and economic valuation of produced oxygen was done through replacement cost method. It was found out that total carbon storage in the pilot area was 2.43 tons/hectare and the amount of supplied oxygen was 2 tons/ hectare. Overall, carbon stock function was estimated to be equal to 255658701 billion$ and oxygen supply was estimated to be 13290338850 billion $.
Saeedeh Nateghi; ahmad Nohegar; Amir Houshang Ehsani; Omolbanin Bazrafshan
Volume 23, Issue 2 , September 2016, Pages 416-404
Abstract
Monitoring the land use and land cover change detection is one of the most important issues in the field of planning and management. Change Vector Analysis technique is one of the common methods to detect the changes. This method is based on radiometric changes between two time series satellite data ...
Read More
Monitoring the land use and land cover change detection is one of the most important issues in the field of planning and management. Change Vector Analysis technique is one of the common methods to detect the changes. This method is based on radiometric changes between two time series satellite data and threshold level method. For this purpose, the satellite images of Landsat ETM + (2001) and OLI (2014) were used for the Qeshm Island. The FLAASH method was used to perform atmospheric correction. Then, the vegetation indices (NDVI، WAVI، RVI, SAVI و BI) were calculated and the correlation between indices was evaluated. The results showed that the SAVI index with a correlation coefficient of 95% in 2014 and 92% in 2001 had a high correlation with BI index; therefore, the SAVI index provides better results in studying the vegetation changes in arid and semi-arid regions. The results also showed that during the study period (2001-2014), 150 km² of the lands around and between the mangrove forests were submerged, and at the same time, the area of mangrove forests decreased to 30.63 km², mostly occurring in the margins of Qeshm mangrove forests and the eastern shores of Khamir Port. As well, the area of agricultural lands and vegetation of the island decreased about 8.2 km² in central, eastern, and southeastern island.