hamid Hozeizeh; amrali Shahmoradi; Hamidreza mehrabi; mamak Ahmadian
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 407-416
mahmood Goudarzi; Mozhgan azimi; Ehsan zandi esfahan; ghader karimi; Amrali shahmoradi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 552-562
Mohabbat ali naderi shahab; maryam jebelli; amrali shahmoradi; abbas ghamari zare; aliashraf jafari
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2015, , Pages 546-557
Ebrahim Farahani; Amrali Shahmoradi; Samira Adibi
Volume 19, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 149-158
Abstract
Stipa hohenackeriana Trin & Rupr is a perennial plant of the gramineae family. This species covers a wide range of habitats in Tehran province. The habitat characteristics of this species including topography, climate, vegetation type, soil, associated species, plant phenology and root system were ...
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Stipa hohenackeriana Trin & Rupr is a perennial plant of the gramineae family. This species covers a wide range of habitats in Tehran province. The habitat characteristics of this species including topography, climate, vegetation type, soil, associated species, plant phenology and root system were investigated. The results showed that these habitats were located in altitudes of 880 to 2400 m above sea level. The average rainfall in the habitats was 150 mm to 378 mm. The annual average temperature, annual minimum temperature and annual maximum temperature were 15.5 to 24.4°C, -2 to 12°C and 32 to 42 °C, respectively. This plant was observed in a range of shallow to very deep soils at slopes of more than 0.5 percent. Soil acidity measurement showed levels of 8.1 to of 8.71 and the electrical conductivity of the soil were 0.19 to 0.98 ds/m. In most habitats, this species has emerged as the dominant. Average canopy cover, density and frequency were 8.43%, 9050 plants / ha and 90%, respectively. The ratio of root to shoot weight was 0.226. This plant has a highly branched root system. Phenology of the species in different habitats showed that the growth started from mid-March to mid April. Production stage of pods was in late May. Flowering was from late May to late June. Seed production occured from late May to late July. According to regional climatic conditions, the seeds were matured .From early September to early October the plant was in summer dormancy. This study showed that chemical compounds of crude protein and crude fat were maximum at early growth stage but gradually decreased in the coming stages.
Ebrahim KAzemi; Amrali Shahmoradi; Mohsen Padyab; Ardeshir Shafiee; Yaser Ghasemi Aryan
Volume 17, Issue 4 , November 2011, , Pages 564-574
Abstract
Autecology consederd as study a plant species behaviour and function and also determining its relationship with other biotic and abiotic components includes an important part of ecological studies in natural resources science. In the current research, autecology of Dorema aucheri, ...
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Autecology consederd as study a plant species behaviour and function and also determining its relationship with other biotic and abiotic components includes an important part of ecological studies in natural resources science. In the current research, autecology of Dorema aucheri, a perennial plant from Apiaceae family, was studied in range ecosystems of Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad. First of all vegetation map was provided using 1:50000 topographic maps and all characteristics including topography, climate, soil, and also companion species, root system, phenology, regenerarion, preference value, chemical compounds and frequency were studied. According to the results, Dorema aucheri grows in an elevation range of 1600 to 3400 m above sea level and in semi arid and moderate mediterian climates. The highest density of Dorema aucheri was recorded at 2300 to 3000 m above sea level. Soil texture in the study area was silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, silty loam and loam. Soil EC differed from 0.21 to 0.5 ds/m and a pH range of 7.5 to 8.2 was obtained. Average annual precipitation is 750 mm and temperature differed from -11 to 35 centigrade degree. Vegetative growth starts in early March and ends in early April. Its flowering stage is from mid April to May. Seed ripening stage is in mid July and no autumn growth was recorded. Root spreads in vertical (>200cm) and horizontal (>150cm) dieractions. Despite this plant is not palatable, it is used by livestock in absence of other palatable species. Human also utilizes this species as food or medicinal purposes.
Hamed Zarif Ketabi; Amr ali Shahmoradi; Majid Dashti; Asghar Paryab; Gholam reza Hosseini-Bamrood; Sadegheh Zarekia
Volume 17, Issue 3 , October 2010, , Pages 421-430
Abstract
Melica persica is a perennial grass from Poaceae family with a partly wide adaptability which makes it an important range plant species, especially for soil conservation. It is native to Iran and mostly grows in Irano-Torani and Hirkani regions. To study autecology of Melica persica, its habitats in ...
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Melica persica is a perennial grass from Poaceae family with a partly wide adaptability which makes it an important range plant species, especially for soil conservation. It is native to Iran and mostly grows in Irano-Torani and Hirkani regions. To study autecology of Melica persica, its habitats in Khorasan region were identified and habitat characteristics including climate, topography and soil were investigated in several sites. Afterwards, regeneration, phenology, density, canopy cover, root system and chemical compositon of forage were also studied. The results indicated that distribution of M. persica was partlywidefrom north to south of khorasan region and especially in rocky foothills (altitude 900-2900 m). It was laso seen in all geographic aspects and a slope of 12-89 percent. M. persica habitats are mainly located in 3 climates of very cold semi-arid, very cold mediterranean and cold semi-arid. Mean annual temperature and precipitation of M. persica habitats differ from 5-15 degrees centigrade and 125-600 mm, respectively. This plant prefers well-drainaged soils of gravelly loam, gravelly silty loam and gravelly sandy loam texture. Optimal pH and EC are 7 to 8 and 0.5-1.5 ds/m respectively. Rocky soils and specially sheil, volcanic and lime stones are the main bed for its establishment. Vegetative growth of this plant starts from mid March and continues to mid May. Depending on altitude, heading stage starts from early May to late May. During late May to early June seeds are at milk stage and seed dissemination happens 20 days later. Results also showed that the effect of seed storage period on seed viability was non-significant. Plant natural regeneration is mainly via seed. Forage chemical composition analysis showed a protein of 21.6 and 8.1 % in vegetative and flowering stages respectively.
Jaber Sharifi; Amrali Shahmoradi; Ali Akbar Emani
Volume 17, Issue 2 , September 2010, , Pages 221-233
Abstract
In order to recognize, find and use applicable information in range management and forage production, surveying of ecological characteristics of Astragalus brachyodontus were carried out. The method of studying was as following. At the first step, we used a map of vegetation cover and surveyed range ...
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In order to recognize, find and use applicable information in range management and forage production, surveying of ecological characteristics of Astragalus brachyodontus were carried out. The method of studying was as following. At the first step, we used a map of vegetation cover and surveyed range ecosystems to determine the habitats of this species in Ardebil province. Then, in every region, considering area and vegetation cover, we selected about six sites to study different ecological characteristics of the plant. In each of these areas, The factors related to total canopy cover, species frequency and amount of forage yield were measured. Also some qualitative characteristics such as root system, stem, seed quality, regeneration, preference value and chemical composition of the plant were studied. Results showed that this species is found between 1100 m to 2200 m above sea level in Ardabil province. Generally, the individuals of this species are distributed in mountain hills. Slopes of the habitats are 5 to 30 percent with south and south eastern aspects. Mid-term average of annual precipitation is 385 millimeters and average annual temperature is 17 degree centigrade. This species grows on soils with pH of about 7 and soils textures of sandy lome to clay lome. In terms of canopy cover, this species includes 5 to 15 percent of the vegetation. Depth of root system in soil vary form 30 to 80 centimeters. In habitats with 1500 meters elevation, vegetative growth starts in mid April. Completion of vegetative growth is in late May. Full flowering, seed ripening, and seed dissemination occurs in early June, early July, and late July, respectively. For this plant species, seed production and regeneration is relatively high in exclosure areas which are protected against grazing. In grazed areas, however, regeneration is low. Based on feeding minutes, preference value of this range plant species is very high. Considering forage digestibility and the amount of crude protein for this species, the best time to graze it is the time of flowering stage. The important pest of this species is a kind of small wasp from Eurytomidae family that feeds from the kernels of seeds and causes hollowness in them.
Hamid Hoveizeh; Amrali shahmoradi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , December 2009, , Pages 200-208
Abstract
Accessibility to a major portion of basic information about vegetation function of rangeland ecosystems is provided via autecologcal study of range plant species. These information are required for proper management of related rangelands. This research was conducted to examine the autecology of Cenchrus ...
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Accessibility to a major portion of basic information about vegetation function of rangeland ecosystems is provided via autecologcal study of range plant species. These information are required for proper management of related rangelands. This research was conducted to examine the autecology of Cenchrus ciliaris in Khuzestan Province of Iran. Some topographic, climatic, and edaphic characteristics, as well as the boundaries of its natural habitats were determined. Also, the phenological stages of the plant were observed. Results showed that the habitats of this plant species are mainly located in south western and south eastern sections of the province, with east and south topographic aspects and altitudes ranging from 60 to 420 meters above sea level. This range plant generally grow on sandy loamy soils of the province. The soils of these habitats are slightly to moderately accompanied with debris and sandstones. Average annual precipitation at its habitats is 233-341 millimeters. Fall vegetative growth of this species began earlier than accompanied native species.
Majid Dashti; Amrali Shahmoradi; Hamed Zarif ketabi; Asghar Paryab; GHolamreza Hosseini-Bamrood; Sadegheh Zarekia
Volume 16, Issue 3 , December 2009, , Pages 401-408
Abstract
Salsola orientalis S .G.Gmelin is a perennial plant species of chenopodiaceae family. Because of its palatability, as a range plant, and recent drought it has been overgrazed in a way that it was eliminated in some areas, or only the individual plants of this species could be found. This research was ...
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Salsola orientalis S .G.Gmelin is a perennial plant species of chenopodiaceae family. Because of its palatability, as a range plant, and recent drought it has been overgrazed in a way that it was eliminated in some areas, or only the individual plants of this species could be found. This research was conducted to map the habitats of the plant in Khorasan region and investigate on its habitat characteristics (topographic, climatic, edaphic), phenology, regeneration, root system, density, and canopy cover. Results showed that elevation range for the habitats of this plant is 500-1500 meters above sea level. It could be found on different aspects and slopes of 5-40 percent. Annual precipitation and temperature are 150-400 mm and 10-17.5 degree centigrade, respectively. In most of its habitats, in Khorasan region, this plant is accompanied with dominant species of Artemisia diffusa, Artemisia sieberi, Poa bulbosa and some other species of genus Salsola. This range plant grows on moderately deep to deep soils with sandy loam to silty loam texture, acidities of about 7.4-7.8, and EC of 0.8-7.2 ds/m. It has a tap root system. So many small branch roots are connected to the main root. The root system can infiltrate into the soil to a depth of 1.5 meters. Phenology stages for Salsola orientalis showed that vegetative growth is from early March until early June. Flowering starts in late May. Seed ripening is in late October until mid November. Seed dissemination happens in late November until early December. Plant regeneration is via seeds. At phenological stage of seed formation, chemical analysis of forge portion resulted in 13.4% protein, 18.28% ashes, 2.62% calcium, and 26.19% fiber.
Mohammad Sharifiyazdi; Amr ali Shahmoradi; Sadegheh Zarekia; Mansureh Khodashenas
Volume 15, Issue 4 , January 2009, , Pages 447-454
Abstract
Conservation and reclamation of vegetation in renewable natural resources is of high importance; and it is necessary to pay a focal attention to it. To achieve this goal, ecological characteristics of important plant species that form natural vegetation need to be detected and recognized; and then actions ...
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Conservation and reclamation of vegetation in renewable natural resources is of high importance; and it is necessary to pay a focal attention to it. To achieve this goal, ecological characteristics of important plant species that form natural vegetation need to be detected and recognized; and then actions could be taken to rehabilitate plant species habitats. For this purpose, a study on autecology of Ferula oopoda in Kerman Province was conducted. This plant species grows in wide areas of the province. In this research, phenology of the plant and its root system were studied. A map of plant growing areas was created. Characteristics of the species (Ferula oopoda) habitat including topography, climate and soil were determined; and accompanied species in the habitats were detected. The results showed that Ferula oopoda grows mostly in northern aspects of cold mountain areas of the province with elevations 2000-3100 m above sea level. Average annual precipitation and temperature are 250-400 mm and 7-11 Cº, respectively. For the plant growing areas, geological formation is often conglomerate. Soil depth is very shallow and its texture is coarse. Soil acidity (pH) is 7.3-7.8 and its electrical conductivity (EC) is 0.31-0.43 ds/m. This plant species is found in habitats with different topographic aspects and slopes. The main root of this species penetrates soil to the depth of 60-90 cm. Phenological stages of this species showed that its vegetative growth stage is from late March until Early May. Flowering stage is from Late April until late May. Seed ripening for this species is from mid June until late July. Seeds of Ferula oopoda are able to germinate several years after dissemination. Using seeds of this plant species for the purpose of reclamation and rehabilitation of deteriorated rangelands in mountainous areas, with ecological conditions similar to those of Kerman Province, is highly recommended.
Hasan Ghelichhnia; Amr ali Shah moradi; Sadegheh Zare kia
Volume 15, Issue 3 , January 2008, , Pages 348-359
Abstract
Providing information about range plant species, to be used as the main basis for managing rangelands, necessitates studying their ecological behavior and relationship with biotic and abiotic components of rangeland ecosystems. In rangeland ecology, this type of studies is considered as autecology of ...
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Providing information about range plant species, to be used as the main basis for managing rangelands, necessitates studying their ecological behavior and relationship with biotic and abiotic components of rangeland ecosystems. In rangeland ecology, this type of studies is considered as autecology of range plant species. This research was conducted to study autecology of two range plant species of Bromus tomentosus and Agropyron pectiniforme in Mazandaran Province. Site characteristics, including topography, climate, soil, and accompanied plant species were determined. For each of the two species, phenology, root system, and their way of presence in the vegetation cover of rangeland ecosystem were examined. The results showed that Agropyron pectiniforme grows in locations with an elevation range of 1200-3000 m above sea level. Soil texture of growing areas is loamy or silty-loam. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is 0.45-0.94 ds/m, while soil pH is 7 to 7.86. Annual precipitation at its ecological habitats is 320-653 mm; and average annual temperature is 7.2-16.2 degree of centigrade. Canopy cover and frequency for this species were 7.22% and 36.6%, respectively. The root system of this range plant species is fibrous and distributes among soil particles down to the depth of 21 centimeter. Vegetative growth stage of this species starts in late March and ends in late April. Its flowering stage is from early May until early June, and seed ripening is in late June. The results of study on Bromus tomentosus showed that this plant grows in locations with an elevation range of 2300-3300 m above sea level. Soil texture of growing areas is loamy or silty-loam. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is 0.40-0.72 ds/m while soil pH is 7.21 to 7.47. Annual precipitation at its ecological habitats is 510-653 mm; and average annual temperature is 7.2 degree of centigrade. Canopy cover and frequency for this species were 16.75% and 5.73%, respectively. The root system of this species is fibrous and distributes among soil particles down to the depth of 27 centimeter. Its vegetative growth stage starts in early April and ends in early May. Flowering stage of this range plant is from mid May until mid June, and seed ripening occurs in mid July. Ecological characteristics of these two range plant species need to be considered in management programs of related rangeland ecosystems.
Ebrahim Farahani; Amrali Shahmoradi; Sadegheh Zarekia; Farhad Azhir
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2008, , Pages 86-94
Abstract
Studying the behavior and the way a plant species functions, and investigating on its relationship with biotic and abiotic components of its habitat is considered as autecology of that plant species. This type of studies provide valuable information which is necessary for rangeland ecosystems management. ...
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Studying the behavior and the way a plant species functions, and investigating on its relationship with biotic and abiotic components of its habitat is considered as autecology of that plant species. This type of studies provide valuable information which is necessary for rangeland ecosystems management. This research was conducted to study the autecology of Stipa barbata. In this study, some topographic, climatic, and edaphic characteristics of the rangeland ecosystem, in which the plant species grows, were determined. Names of accompanied plant species in the ecosystem were listed. Based on physiognomy, this plant is the dominant species in most of its habitats. Its canopy cover, density, and frequency are 4.5%, 32750 plant/ha, and 82.5%, respectively. Phenology, root system, and the way of presence of Stipa barbata in the ecosystem were evaluated. The results showed that the habitats of this species are located in elevation range of 890 to 3300 meters above sea level while the major habitats are include elevation range of 1100 to 2800 meters above sea level. The species grows on slopes of 0.5 to 100%. Mean annual precipitation are 221 mm and 485 mm in Eshtehard and Zidasht Taleghan, respectively. Mean annual temperature are 15.5 and 24.5 degree Centigrade in Firoozkooh and Rood Shoor, respectively. The habitats for this plant species include very shallow to deep soils. Vegetative growth starts in early March and ends in early April. Its flowering stage is from mid May to mid June. Seed ripening stage is from late June until mid July. The plant has a shallow fibrous root system.
Ali Hoseini; Amrali Shahmoradi; Ghasemali Abarsaji
Volume 14, Issue 2 , January 2007, , Pages 110-123
Abstract
One of the halophyte plant species in the rangelands of Golestan Province is Halocnemum strobilaceum which grows in areas of saline and alkaline soils with shallow water table. It belongs to Chenopodiaceae family. It is named Cheraton by local people and covers 167,000 hectare of the province area. ...
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One of the halophyte plant species in the rangelands of Golestan Province is Halocnemum strobilaceum which grows in areas of saline and alkaline soils with shallow water table. It belongs to Chenopodiaceae family. It is named Cheraton by local people and covers 167,000 hectare of the province area. Five study sites which are named Gomishan, Sangar-tapeh, Soficom, Incheh-shoreh-zar, and Incheh-boroon were selected to conduct the study. A formula of L = 2D + d was used to calculate a proper size of measuring plots. Letter D represents the diameter of plant and letter d represents the distance between individual plants. For each site, three transects and thirty plots were used to measure canopy cover, density, frequency, and the proportion of this species in plant composition. Also the weight of above-ground production and roots were measured. The size of plots in Gomishan, Sangar-tapeh, Soficom, Incheh-shoreh-zar, and Incheh-boroon were 1, 2, 2, 2, 4 square meters, respectively. The results showed that, in terms of canopy cover, density, regeneration, above-ground production, and root production of this range plant, there are significant differences among different sites. This plant showed the most (%26) and the list (%6.46) canopy cover in Gomishan and Incheh-boroon study sites, respectively. It also showed the most (59300/ha) and the list (5250/ha) density in Gomishan and Incheh-boroon study sites, respectively. The frequency of plant was %86.6 to %96.6 in different sites. The plant formed %50.93 to %65.53 of the plant composition in different study sites. The most above-ground and root production were found in Incheh-boroon area.
Jamal Hasani; Amrali Shahmoradi
Volume 14, Issue 2 , January 2007, , Pages 171-184
Abstract
Autecology's studies on plant are conducted to investigate about the relationships between a particular plant and other components of ecosystem. Ecological knowledge about range plant species are essential for rehabilitation, and management of rangelands. This study was accomplished to provide information ...
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Autecology's studies on plant are conducted to investigate about the relationships between a particular plant and other components of ecosystem. Ecological knowledge about range plant species are essential for rehabilitation, and management of rangelands. This study was accomplished to provide information about ecological characteristics of range plant of prangos ferulacea from 2001-2004 in Kurdistan Province. In the survey, some topographic, climatic and edaphically aspects, as well as boundaries of the ecological habitats of this species were delineated. Phonological stages, root system, crown cover, density, reproduction, adequate depth for seed planting, preference value of this plant were evaluated. The results showed habitats from view point of crown cover not significant difference at ά ≤ 0.05, but from aspect of density and regeneration were significant difference between of them at ά ≤ 0.05 & 0.01. The highest average of plant density achieved in Daraki 16.7 in 4 square meter and lowest density in Ariz 6.5 plant in 4 square meters. The Daraki habitat’s from aspect of plant regeneration with 13.3 plants in 4 square meters was better than the other, and Shian has the lowest regeneration (3.1 plant). Phonological stages showed that this plant has a short period of growth and starts in April and continues still early August. Soil texture and soil depth were affected on root grow and development. In Khan and Ariz habitats, penetration of root were 140 & 177.5 centimeters, whereas this parameter measured in Shian and Daraki 146.7 & 77.75 centimeters, sufficient depth for seeding Prangos ferulacea was 4 centimeter. Average of thousand Seed weight 212 gram was measured. Plant mostly grows at 500 mm. rainfall, 1700-2300m.above sea level and northern slopes in Kurdistan. Test of soil texture indicates that this plant grows in different soils, especially clay soil texture .Finally this plant has an important role in rangelands by having forage production and soil conservation.
Farhad Azhir; Amrali Shahmoradi
Volume 14, Issue 3 , January 2007, , Pages 359-367
Abstract
Accessibility to a major portion of information about vegetation cover function of rangeland ecosystem is provided by the way of autecological study of range plant species. Autecological study of a range plant named Ferula ovina was accomplished in Tehran province. Topographic, edaphic, and climatic ...
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Accessibility to a major portion of information about vegetation cover function of rangeland ecosystem is provided by the way of autecological study of range plant species. Autecological study of a range plant named Ferula ovina was accomplished in Tehran province. Topographic, edaphic, and climatic characteristics of the species's habitat were determined. The canopy cover, density, frequency, and preference value of the plant were measured. Names of other species which are accompanied with Ferula ovina in its major ecosystem were listed. The results showed that habitat elevation for this species is 2000 to 3200 meters above sea level. Topographic aspect is not a major limitation for its growth. At its habitats, average annual precipitation is about 400 mm. Mean annual temperature is 8 centigrade. Its major ecosystem includes geological layers of tuff, limestone, shale, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and clay stone. This plant prefers loamy and/or sandy-loamy soils. Electrical conductivity of soil at different parts of the habitat indicates less than 1.0 ds/m. A range of 7.0 – 7.5 was observed for soil pH. In rangelands in which vegetation is dominated by this species, its percent canopy cover, frequency, and density are 12.35% , 81.62%, and 16750 plants per hectare, respectively. Its root system includes a main root and a few distributed roots. Vegetation growth of this plant starts in early May. Its flowering stage is in 5th to 20th of June, and seed ripening stage is in the fourth week of June. The plant propagates only by seeds. When plant is green, it is not grazed by livestock such as sheep and goat. However, it is harvested and stored as livestock fodder in fall and winter. The main insect seen on the plant is a butterfly named Malocosma sp.
Ghasem ali Abarsaji; Amr ali Shahmoradi; Sadegheh Zare kia
Volume 14, Issue 3 , January 2007, , Pages 421-431
Abstract
Autecology of plant species is an important portion of ecological studies in natural resources science. This study was conducted to investigate on autecology of Hedysarum kopetdaghi. This range plant species is a perennial plant from Papilionaceae family that grows mostly in range ecosystems of ...
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Autecology of plant species is an important portion of ecological studies in natural resources science. This study was conducted to investigate on autecology of Hedysarum kopetdaghi. This range plant species is a perennial plant from Papilionaceae family that grows mostly in range ecosystems of Golestan National Park. Ecological characteristics such as climate, topography, soil, phenology, regeneration, chemical compounds, and preference value of the plant were studied. Precipitation and temperature data were collected from Khan Cheshmeh Climatology Station which is located near the study area. The results showed that this species grows at scattered spots in rangeland ecosystems of the area. Based on data collected in several years, annual rainfall of the study area is 249.5 mm and means annual temperature is 11.9 degree Centigrade. Soil studies showed that Hedysarum kopetdaghi appears on soils with silt–loam texture and pH of 7.5–7.9. No sign of salinity was found in the soil. The plant has a vertical tap root system. The major root penetrates soil more than 2 meters. In its major ecosystem, canopy cover of this species is about 0.2-1/16%. The density and frequency of this species are 70-1500 plant/ha and 3-15%, respectively. Vegetative growth stage of Hedysarum kopetdaghi species usually starts in late march. Flowering is completed in late May and early June. Seed ripening occurs in late June and early July. Above ground materials of Hedysarum kopetdaghi contains 27.13% crude protein at the vegetative growth stage. Preference value of this plant is 75% for sheep and goats. Grazing the related rangeland ecosystems in inappropriate season, as well as overgrazing, are the major causes of biological degradation creating endangering conditions for this range plant. This species has a high level of resistance to grazing and relatively harsh natural conditions. This plant is a suitable range species to be used in range seeding programs for degraded ranglands of the study area or similar rangeland ecosystems.
Mostafa saeedfar; Mohammad taghi Feyzi; Amr ali Shahmoradi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , February 2006, , Pages 116-126
Abstract
To manage renewable natural resources is impossible, without attention to its ecological characteristic. Therefore study of rangeland species autecology is very importance. In this research, the autecology of Salsola orientalis S.G.Gamelin was studied from 1997 to 1999 in Isfahan province (Mouthe). Thus ...
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To manage renewable natural resources is impossible, without attention to its ecological characteristic. Therefore study of rangeland species autecology is very importance. In this research, the autecology of Salsola orientalis S.G.Gamelin was studied from 1997 to 1999 in Isfahan province (Mouthe). Thus several factors as, geographical distribution, botanical characteristics, phenology, reproduction, seed rate, root system, chemical composition, nutrient value, forage production, disease, climate and its effects on this species were surveyed. This species has wide geographic distribution in the arid land of the world and appear in different vegetation types, also it is dominant in some of the sites in steppe region. This specimen has wide range of altitude from 1000 – 2000 m in Iran and 800 – 2000 m. in Esfahan province. This species is a shrub with 30 – 100 cm. high and in certain regions maybe reach to 1.5 m. Its phenological phenomens occur during long time and is different in different years. Chemical composition showed high protein (% 12), total digestible nutrient (TDN) 62%. Forage production is different according in ecological condition. Salsola orientalis was found in different soils (with different structure and texture) and geologic formation. It is resistant to pests and disease and heavy grazing. This species appears in regions up to 150 mm precipitation and with absolute maximum and minimum temperature, respectively +40 and -20 degree centigrade. For escaping from unsuitable condition it removes it's foliage and modifying growth period length and by this method resistant to aridity