همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/ijrdr.2025.133604

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
استقرار ضعیف بذور بویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک موجب کاهش عملکرد گیاهان مرتعی می‌شود، افزایش سرعت سبز‌شدن و استقرار گیاهچه‌ها می‌تواند سبب شتاب بیشتر آن‌ها در جذب آب و عناصر غذایی گردد. تیمار پرایمینگ باعث کوتاه شدن زمان کاشت تا سبز شدن، حفاظت بذرها و یکنواختی سبز شدن گردیده که در نهایت منجر به استقرار یکنواخت و بهبود عملکرد در محصول می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش، معرفی موثرترین پرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های جوانه زنی، ارتفاع، تولید، وزن ریشه و ساقه گونه Astragalus squarrosus Bunge می‌باشد.
مواد و روشها: در این تحقیق اثر هیدروپرایمینگ، اسموپرایمینگ و هورمون پرایمینگ بر فاکتورهای جوانه‌زنی، ارتفاع، تولید، وزن ریشه و ساقه گونه Bunge Astragalus squarrosus مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بذرهای سه اکوتیپ یزد، سمنان و اصفهان، تحت تیمارهای هیدروپرایمینگ (آب مقطر)، هورمون پرایمینگ (اسید جیبرلیک 500 ppm) و اسموپرایمینگ پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در دو سطح (4/0- و 8/0- مگاپاسکال) به صورت جداگانه پرایم شدند. تحقیق بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با اعمال دو فاکتور (تیمار پرایمینگ و تیمار تنش خشکی) بر روی بذور جمع آوری شده سه جمعیت از سه منطقه، گونه Astragalus squarrosus Bunge در گلخانه اجرا گردید.
نتایج: بررسی نتایج، گویای معنی‌دار‌بودن اثر پرایمینگ بر شاخص‌های درصد جوانه‌زنی، تولید، ارتفاع، وزن ریشه و ساقه گونه Astragalus squarrosus Bunge در سطح احتمال یک درصد بود. ویژگی‌های مورد بررسی بذرهایی که در معرض انواع پرایمینگ قرار گرفته بودند در مقایسه با بذرهای شاهد اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند. بر اساس نتایج، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه با (40 سانتی‌متر) و تولید علوفه (42 گرم بر متر‌مربع)، درصد جوانه زنی (7/38 درصد)، وزن ریشه (37 گرم) و وزن ساقه (8/42 گرم) در اکوتیپ یزد با استفاده از تیمار هیدروپرایمینگ و تحت تنش خشکی 75 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه بوده است، رتبه دوم نیز در تیمار اسموپرایمینگ پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در سطح (4/0- مگاپاسکال) مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، نشان داد بهترین عملکرد و نتیجه برای کاشت گونه Bunge Astragalus squarrosus در راستای احیای مراتع خشک تخریب یافته، هیدروپرایمینگ (آب مقطر)  به همراه خراش‌دهی بذر می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده از این تحقیق و همچنین، با توجه به این موضوع که هیدروپرایمینگ بسیار ارزانتر و ساده‌تر از اسموپرایمینگ و هورمون پرایمینگ می‌باشد، بنابراین، هیدروپرایمینگ به عنوان تیمار بهبود دهنده عملکرد گونه Astragalus squarrosus معرفی می‌شود. این مسئله می‌تواند در بهبود کارکرد و عملکرد این گونه علوفه‌ای باارزش بومی مورد توجه بهره برداران و کارشناسان مرتع قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the most effective seed priming technique to enhance the establishment (Astragalus squarrosus Bunge)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahshid Souri 1
  • MIna Bayat 2
  • Saeedeh Nateghi 1

1 Assistant Professor, , Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

2 Research Expert, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and objectives:
Poor establishment of seeds, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, reduces the performance of rangeland plants, increasing the speed of germination and establishment of seedlings can cause them to absorb water and nutrients more quickly. The priming treatment shortens the planting time until greening, protects the seeds and greens uniformly, which ultimately leads to uniform establishment and improved yield in the product. The aim of this research is to introduce the most effective priming on germination, height, yield, root and stem weight of Astragalus squarrosus Bunge species.
Methodology:
In this research, the effect of hydropriming, osmopriming and hormone priming on factors of germination, height, yield, root and stem weight of Astragalus squarrosus Bunge was investigated. The seeds of three ecotypes of Yazd, Semnan and Kashan were primed separately under hydropriming (distilled water), hormone priming (gibberellic acid 500 ppm) and osmopriming polyethylene glycol 6000 at two levels (-0.4 and -0.8 MPa). The statistical analysis of experiment was carried out in SPSS software at the form of a factorial design by applying two factors (priming treatment and drought stress treatment) on the collected seeds of three populations from three regions, Astragalus squarrosus Bunge species in the greenhouse.
Results:
Examining the results showed the significance of the priming effect on the indices of germination percentage, yield, height, root and stem weight of Astragalus squarrosus Bunge at the error level of 1%. The investigated characteristics of the seeds that were exposed to different types of priming were significantly different from each other compared to the control seeds. According to the results, the highest plant height (40 cm) and fodder yield (42 g/m2), germination percentage (38.7 percent), root weight (37 g) and stem weight (42.8 g) in ecotype Yazd using hydropriming treatment and under drought stress has reached 75% of the farm capacity, the second place was observed in osmopriming (polyethylene glycol) treatment. The results of this research showed that the best performance and result for planting Astragalus squarrosus Bunge in the direction of reviving degraded dry rangelands is hydropriming (distilled water) along with seed scraping.
Conclusion:
Based on the results obtained from this research and also, considering the fact that hydropriming is much cheaper and simpler than osmopriming and hormone priming, therefore, hydropriming is introduced as a treatment to improve the performance of nether species. This issue can be taken into the attention of rangeland operators and experts in improving the function and performance of this type of valuable local fodder.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • seed
  • germination percentage
  • height
  • yield
  • root weight
  • stem weight
  • Astragalus squarrosus Bunge
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