همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش مرتع و آبخیزاری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

2 مربی بخش مرتع و آبخیزاری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

3 کارشناسان بخش مرتع و آبخیزاری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان شورروی با افزودن ترکیبات آلی به خاک و حفاظت خاک در مقابل عوامل فرساینده می‌توانند سبب تغییر ویژگی‌های مختلف خاک و قابلیت استفاده عناصر غذایی خاک گردند. تخریب این اراضی و گیاهان شورروی می‌تواند اثرات نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی به دنبال داشته باشد. جهت بررسی تأثیر وضعیت فیزیوگرافی، نوع گونه‌های گیاهی و موقعیت رشد گیاه (مستقل یا زیر گونه دیگر) بر ویژگی‌های خاک شوره‌زارها، مطالعه‌ای در منطقه کرسیا، داراب (استان فارس) صورت گرفت. در دو واحد مختلف فیزیوگرافی شامل اراضی پست و دشت دامنه‌ای، نمونه‌های خاک از زیر تاج پوشش گز شاهی (Tamarix aphylla)، سالسولا (Salsola rigida) رشد یافته زیر گز شاهی و سالسولا مستقل و از بین گیاهان با سه تکرار برداشته شد. ویژگی‌های خاک شامل توزیع اندازه‌ای ذرات، ماده آلی، پ‌هاش، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی و کربنات کلسیم معادل و قابلیت استفاده عناصر خاک شامل فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه اول به دلیل قرار گرفتن در اراضی پست دارای شوری بیشتر، بافت سنگین‌تر و گونه‌های گز شاهی کوتاه‌تر بودند. گز شاهی سبب افزایش مقدار ماده آلی، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی گردید اما بر بافت خاک و کربنات کلسیم معادل تأثیری نداشت. سالسولا مستقل و زیر گز شاهی سبب افزایش ماده آلی خاک گردید و تأثیر آن بر مقدار منگنز و روی قابل استفاده خاک بیشتر از سایر عناصر بود. سالسولا زیر گز شاهی در واحد اراضی پست، شوری خاک را تغییر نداد در حالی که سالسولا زیر گز شاهی در واحد دشت دامنه‌ای سبب کاهش شوری خاک گردید. به‌طور کلی به‌نظر می‌رسد مهمترین عامل در تعیین قابلیت استفاده عناصر مختلف و وضعیت حاصلخیزی خاک رویشگاه‌های مورد مطالعه، ماده آلی خاک باشد. ماده آلی از راه‌های مختلف مانند تأثیر بر پ‌هاش خاک، تولید عوامل کلات کننده، جذب سطحی عناصر، تجزیه و افزودن عناصر غذایی و بهبود شرایط فیزیکی خاک بر تحرک، رسوب و یا جذب عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه اثر می‌گذارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil-plant interaction in salt marsh of Korsia region, Darab, southeastern of Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Najafi Ghiri 1
  • Alireza Mahmoudi 2
  • Shahrokh Askari 3
  • Esmaeil Farokhnejad 3

1 Associate Prof. of Range and Watershed Management Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

2 Instructor of Range and Watershed Management Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

3 Experts of Range and Watershed Management Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran

چکیده [English]

Halophytes may change different soil properties and nutrients availability by organic materials addition to soil and soil conservation against erosion agents. Destroying these lands and halophytes may have an undesirable effect on environment. To study the effects of physiographic position, plant variety and plant growth position (sole or under another plant) on soil properties of salt marshes, an investigation was carried out in Korsia region, Darab (Fars province). Soil samples were collected from the beneath of Tamarix aphylla and Salsola rigida (sole and under Tamarix) and between plants with triplicates in two different salt marshes with lowland and piedmont plain positions. Soil properties including particle size distribution, organic matter, pH, EC and equivalent calcium carbonates and nutrients availability including P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined. Results indicated that lowland had more saline and heavier textured soil and shorter Tamarix aphylla as compared with piedmont plain. Tamarix aphylla increased organic matter, EC, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn; however, it had no effect on soil texture and equivalent calcium carbonates. Salsola rigida increased organic matter and its effect on available Mn and Zn was more than other nutrients. Salsola rigida under short Tamarix aphylla did not change soil salinity; while Salsola rigida under long Tamarix aphylla decreased soil salinity. Generally, it seems that organic matter is the most important factor on different plant nutrients availability and soil fertility status of the soils studied. Organic matter affects mobility, precipitation or nutrient uptake by the effect on pH, chelating agent production, nutrient adsorption, and nutrient release due to decomposition and soil physical properties improvement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tamarix aphylla
  • Salsola rigida
  • Plant nutrients
  • Organic Matter
  • soil texture
-  Banaei, M. H., 1998. Soil Moisture and Temperature Regime Map of Iran. Soil and Water Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Iran.
-  Berry, W. L., 1970. Characteristics of Salts Secreted by Tamarix aphylla. American Journal of Botany, 57(10): 1226-1230.
-  Busch, D. E. and Smith, S.D., 1993. Effects of fire on water and salinity relations of riparian woody taxa. Journal of Oecologia, 94: 186-194.
-  Busch, D. E. and Smith, S. D., 1995. Mechanisms associated with decline of woody species in riparian ecosystems of the southwestern US. Journal of Ecological Monographs, 65: 347-370.
-  Dadgar, M., Aliha, M. and Faramarzi, E., 2011. Relationship between available phosphorus and some soil physical and chemical characteristics in Absard Plain (Damavand Province). Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 18(3): 498-504.
-  DiTomaso, J. M., 1998. Impact, biology and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States. Journal of Weed Technology, 12: 326–336.
-  Ghasemi, R., Maftoun, M., Ronaghi, A., Karimian, N., Yasrebi, J., Assad, M. T. and Ippolito, J. A., 2006. Kinetics of copper desorption from highly calcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37: 797-809.
-  Ghorbanian, D. and Jafari, M., 2007. Study of soil and plant characteristics interaction in Salsola rigida in desert lands. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 14(1): 1-7.
-  Ghorbanian, D., Jafari, M., Azarnivand, H. and Sarmadian, F., 2005. Variation as well as amount of mineral elements fixed by Salsola rigida and the effects on soil physical and chemical properties in desert regions. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58(2): 481-490.
-  Glenn, E. P. and Nagler, P. M., 2005. Comparative ecophysiology of Tamarix ramosissima and native trees in western U.S. riparian zones. Journal of Arid Environment, 61: 419-446.
-  Glenn, E., Tanner, R., Mendez, S., Kehret, T., Moore, D., Garcia, J. and Valdes, C., 1998. Growth rates, salt tolerance and water use characteristics of native and invasive riparian plants from the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments, 40: 281-294.
-  Havlin, J. L., Beaton, J. D., Tisdale, S. L. and Nelson, W. L., 1999. Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London.
-  Ladenburger, C. G., Hild, A.L., Kazmer, D. J. and Munn, L.C., 2006. Soil salinity patterns in Tamarix invasions in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, Journal of Arid Environments, 65: 111-128.
-  Lindsay, W. L. and Norvell, W. A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 42: 969-974.
-  Malakouti, M. J. and Homaei, M., 2004. Soil fertility of arid and semiarid regions. Problems and solutions). Tarbiat Modarres University. 195-241.
-  Najafi-Ghiri, M., Ghasemi, R. and Farrokhnejad, E., 2013. Factors affecting micronutrients availability in calcareous soils of southern Iran. Arid Land Research and Management, 27: 203-215.
-  Najafi-Ghiri, M., Mahmoodi, A. R. and Askari, S., 2015. Effect of three halophyte species on some soil properties and potassium forms in salt affected soils. Journal of Water and Soil, 72: 1-9.
-  Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. P. 961-1010. In D. L. Sparks (Eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis, Part III, American Society Agronomy, Madison, WI.
-  Ohrtman, M. K., Sher, A. A. and Lair, K. D., 2012. Quantifying soil salinity in areas invaded by Tamarix spp. Journal of Arid Environment, 85: 114-121.
-  Olsen, S. R., Kole, C. W., Wantanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular. US Department of Agriculture, 939p.
-  Rowell, D. L., 1994. Soil Science: Methods and applications. Longman Scientific and Technical, UK.
-  Sadeghzadeh Hallaj, M.H., Azadfar, D. and Mirakhori, R., 2015. Growth performance of various population of salt cedar in saline-alkaline soils. Journal of Food and Forest Science and Technology, 22(1): 161-151.
-  Sala, A., Smith, S. D. and Devitt, D. A., 1996. Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave desert floodplain. Journal of Ecological Applications, 6: 888-898.
-  Salinity Laboratory Staff., 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Handbook No. 60. Washington (DC): United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
-  Sexton, J. P., 2000. Invasive potential of Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) in continental climates of North America. MS Thesis, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 58p.
-  Sharma, B. D., Arora, H., Kumar, R. and Nayyar, V. K., 2004. Relationship between soil characteristics and total and DTPA-extractable micronutrients in Inceptisols of Punjab. Journal of Communication in Soil Science and Plant analysis, 35: 799-818.
-  Smith, S. D., Devitt, D. A., Sala, A., Cleverly, J. R. and Busch, D. E., 1998. Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions. Journal of Wetlands, 18: 687-696.
-  Stromberg, J. C., 2001. Restoration of riparian vegetation in the southwestern United States: importance of flow regimes and fluvial dynamism. Journal of Arid Environments, 49: 17-34.
-  Su, Y., Wang, X., Yang, R., Yang, X. and Liu, W., 2012. Soil fertility, salinity and nematode diversity influenced by Tamarix ramosissima in different habitats in an arid desert oasis. Journal of Environmental Management, 50: 226-236.
-  Wang, L., Wu, J. P., Liu, Y. X., Huang, H. Q. and Fang, Q. F., 2009. Spatial variability of micronutrients in rice grain and paddy soil. Journal of Pedosphere, 19(6): 748-755.
-  Wu, C., Luo, Y. and Zhang, L., 2010. Variability of copper availability in paddy fields in relation to selected soil properties in southeast China. Journal of Geoderma, 156: 200-206.
-  Yin, C. H., Feng, G., Zhang, F. S., Tian, C. Y. and Tang, C. X., 2010. Enrichment of soil fertility and salinity by tamarisk in saline soils on the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert. Journal of Agricultural Water Management, 97: 1978-1986.
-  Zhao, Q., Bai, J., Liu, Q., Lu, Q., Gao, Z. and Wang, L., 2016. Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content and Stock in a Tidal Salt Marsh with Tamarix chinensis, China. Journal of Wetlands, 36: 145-152.