همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیابان زدایی، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبخیزداری، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

سرمایة اجتماعی یکی از ارکان اصلی درمدیریت مشارکتی و توسعة پایدار محلی محسوب می‌گردد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی سرمایة اجتماعی درون‌گروهی در دو بازة زمانی قبل و بعد از اجرای پروژة مشارکتی با عنوان پروژة بین‌المللی احیای اراضی جنگلی و تخریب یافته در مناطق خشک­­RFLDL­، در روستای ده‌رضا از توابع شهرستان ریگان استان کرمان می‌باشد. جامعة آماری در این مطالعه اعضای گروه‌های توسعة روستایی است که 133 نفر در غالب 9 گروه را شامل می‌شوند. در این تحقیق میزان روابط اعتماد و مشارکت در شبکة ذینفعان با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های تحلیل شبکه‌ای و بر‌اساس مشاهدة مستقیم و مصاحبه با کلیة ذینفعان و بر‌اساس سنجش شاخص‌های تحلیل شبکه‌ای مانند تراکم، تمرکز، دوسویگی، انتقال‌یافتگی و میانگین فاصلة ژئودزیک در دو مرحلة قبل و بعد از اجرای پروژة بین‌المللی احیای اراضی جنگلی و تخریب یافته مورد‌بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج در این بررسی نشان می‌دهد که میزان اعتماد، مشارکت و به نوعی سرمایة اجتماعی در قبل از اجرای پروژه در حد متوسط بوده که پس از اجرای این پروژه میزان این مؤلفه‌ها افزایش یافته است. سرعت گردش و تبادل اعتمادو مشارکت بین افراد بعد از اجرای طرح نسبت به قبل از اجرای آن افزایش‌یافته و اجرای این پروژه، اتحاد و یگانگی بین افراد را نیز تقویت کرده است. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده می‌توان بیان کرد که به‌دنبال اجرای این پروژه میزان سرمایة اجتماعی درون‌گروهی شبکه افزایش یافته و در واقع می‌توان استدلال نمود که پس از اجرای پروژه، تحقق مدیریت مشارکتی در منطقه به شکل مطلوب صورت گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of bonding social capital towards co-management of dry lands

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Ghorbani 1
  • Leila Avazpour 2
  • Majid Rahimi 3
  • Homa Mousavi 2
  • Behnaz Esmaeli 2

1 Associate Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Former M.Sc. Student in Combat Desertification, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 M.Sc. in Watershed Management, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

     Social capital is a prerequisite of co-management and local sustainable development. Present study makes an attempt to evaluate bonding social capital pre and post RFLDL project implementation in Deh-e-Reza village in Reagan County of Kerman province. Statistical population of this study consists of rural development groups’ members totaling 133 persons in 9 groups. The level of trust and collaboration ties of the beneficiaries’ network were examined through network analysis questionnaires, direct observation, and an interview with all beneficiaries based on network indicators including density, reciprocity, transitivity, and average Geodesic distance both prior to and post RFLDL project implementation. It was found out that the level of trust, collaboration, and social capital was moderate pre project implementation but there was an increase in these components following project implementation. Trust and collaboration exchange speed as well enhanced following project implementation and solidarity and unity increased on the whole. Last but not least, it can be claimed that implementation of this project boosted bonding social capital and co-management was established in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • social capital
  • network analysis
  • co-management
  • rural development groups
  • Reagan County
-  Amini, M. and Mirdamadi, S., 2007. The Role of Co-management on the Effectiveness of Managers From the Perspective of Forest and Rangelands Experts, New Findings in Agriculture, 2(1): 96-109.
-  Bastani, S. and Raeesi, M., 2011. Network analysis method: use of the entire network approach in the open source community, Journal of Social Studies, 5(2): 32-59.
-  Bodin, O. and Crona, B.I., 2009. The Role of Social Networks in Natural Resources Governance: What Relational Patterns Make a Difference? Journal of Global Environmental Change, 19(3): 366-374.
-  Bodin, O. and Prell, C., 2011. Social Network in Natural Resources Management. Cambridge University Press.
-  Creighton, J., 2005. The Public Participation Handbook: Making better Decisions through Citizen Involvement, John Wiley & Sone, San Francisco.
-  Davis, J., Kang, A. and Vincent, J., 2001. How Important is Improved Water Infrastructure to Microenterprises? Evidence from Uganda. Journal of World Developed, 29(10): 1753-1767.
-  Ghorbani, M., 2012. The role of social networks in operation mechanisms of Rangeland (Case Study: Taleghan area), Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University, 430 P.
-  Ghorbani, M., 2015. Iranian model of participation and empowerment of local communities with social network approach, Natural Resources Faculty of Tehran University.
-  Ghorbani, M., 2015. The Action Plan of social-policy networks monitoring and assessment in local communities’ empowerment and integrated landscape management. Research Institute about empowering local communities and participatory management of natural resources Publishers, university of Tehran.85p
-  Ghorbani, M. and Jafarian, V., 2016. Social network analysis and natural resources management, Translated to Persian, Tehran University Press.
-  Jatel, N., 2013. Using social network analysis to make invisible human actor water governance networks visible – the case of the Okanagan vallay, A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in the college of graduate studies (Interdisciplinary Studies) the University of British Columbia.
-  Kargar, A., Sardari, S., Pouyafar, A, M., Yari, A.R. and Ghasemi, Y., 2015. Report of Participatory Management and Sustainable Rural Development Project, Birjand, Chahara Derakht Press.
-  Kargar, A., Nushafarin, B., yusefi, M., and Habili, R., 2015. Implementation report of the rehabilitation of forest landscapes and degraded land project (RFLDL),Chahar Derakht Publishers, Birjand.
-  Keshavarzi, V. and Moazeni, A., 2012. Particioation of Farmers and Agricultural Water Users in The Collaborative Management of Grounwater Resources. International Conference on Traditional Knowledge for Water Resources Management. 21-23 Fabruary. Yazd. Iran.
-  Koontz, T, M., 2006. Collaboration for Sustainability? A Framework for Analyzing Government Impacts in Collaborative Environmental Management. Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy 2(1): 15-24.
-  Leahy, E. and Anderson, H., 2008. Trust Factors in Community–water Resources Management Agency Relationships. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 87(2): 100–107.
-  Mohamadi kangarani, H. and Mohamadi, E., 2014. Introduction to methodology of social networks (Translation), University of Hormozgan.
-  Nazarpur, M. and Montazeri moghadam, M., 2010. Social capital and economic development: a case study on the social participation From the Islam perspective. 57-87.
-  Prell, C., Hubacek, K. and Reed, M., 2009. Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis in Natural Resource Management, Journal of Society and Natural Resources, 22(6): 501-518.
-  Putnam, R. D., 1995. Tuning out: the Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in American, Political Science and Politics, December, pp. 664-683.
-  Putnam, R. D., 2000. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan US.
-  Rafieiyan, M. and Motahari, Z., 2002. Designing a Model for the Study of Disaster Risk Management Approach (Case Study: Mahalat), Journal of Disaster Management, 1(3): 5-12.
-  Rahimi Balkanlou, Kh., Ghorbani, M., Jafari, M. and Tavili, A., 2014. Analysis of the local stakeholders' network, social capital and cohesion in landscape co-management (Case study: Changi rangeland- Kalateh Roudbar- Damghan), Journal of Watershed Management Research (Pajouhesh- va Sazandegi).
-  Riahi, V., Jamshidi, A., Jamini, D. and cheraghi, R., 2013. Evaluating the social capital and its influencing factors among rural residents (case study, Uramanat area Kermanshah Province), Journal of Rural Planning, 2(4): 28-41.
-  Rowe, G. and Frewer, J., 2005. A Typology of Public Engagement Mechanisms, Science Technology Human Values, 30(2): 251-290.
-  Salari, F., 2014. Modeling and Analysis of watershed network in resin watershed in Kermanshah (Master's thesis). Department of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
-  Scott, J., 2000. Social Network Analysis. Sage, London.
-  Sepehri, M. and Riahi, A., 2010. Applying social network analysis to extract knowledge management system needs in knowledge-based organizations, Science and Technology Policy, 3(2): 81-93.
-  Shafeian sani, M., 2001. Citizen participation, urban governance and fees management, Journal of Urban Management, 157p.