همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموحته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه، ایران

2 استاد پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، تهران ،‌ایران،

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بروجرد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر اسموپرایمینگ در افزایش توان جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه بذرهای زوال یافته اسپرس Onobrichis viciifolia، دو آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 تکرار در سال 94-1393 در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه بانک ژن موسسه تحقیقات جنگل­‌ها و مراتع کشور انجام گرفت. فاکتور اول شامل منشا بذر اکسشن ها (در ۴ سطح، خوانساز ، کرج، اردبیل و تهران)، فاکتور دوم شرایط نگهداری بذرها در دو سطح سردخانه پایه (دمایC ْ۱۸-) و فعال (دمایC ْ4+) و فاکتور سوم تیمارهای اسموپرایمینگ با استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در 6 سطح با پتانسیل‌های اسمزی 0 و 3- ، 6- ، 9- و 12- بار و شاهد بدون پرایمینگ بودند. در محیط آزمایشگاه بذور پرایم شده در ظروف پتری (75 عدد بذر در سه تکرار) در شرایط استاندارد جوانه‌زنی دمای 20 درجه کاشته شدند و پس از دو هفته صفات مختلف مرتبط با جوانه‌زنی بذر یادداشت شدند. در آزمایش گلخانه از گلدان‌های یک لیتری استفاده شد و بعد از پر کردن گلدان­ها به نسبت مساوی با خاک معمولی و ماسه و خاک برگ (75 عدد بذر در سه گلدان) کشت گردید و گلدان‌ها در دمای در روز 5±20 درجه و در شب 5± 12 درجه سانتیگراد قرار گرفتند. پس از 45 روز صفات جوانه­زنی شامل درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی، بنیه بذر، طول ریشه­چه و ساقه­چه، طول و وزن گیاهچه اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین صفات درصد جوانه زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی و بنیه در بذرهای نگهداری شده در سردخانه پایه در مقایسه با بذرهای سردخانه فعال، بیشتر بود. ولی از لحاظ سایر صفات تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو شرایط نگهداری بذر مشاهده نشد. مقایسه میانگین تیمارهای پرایمینگ و اثر متقابل شرایط نگهداری در پرایمینگ نشان داد که خیساندن بذر در آب مقطر (هیدروپرایمینگ) موجب افزایش درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی و رشد ساقه‌چه گردید. در حالیکه اسموپرایمینگ موجب افزایش طول ریشه­چه، طول گیاهچه، شاخص بنیه بذر، وزن گیاهچه و نسبت طول ریشه‌چه به ساقه‌چه در هردو محیط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of osmopriming on the enhancement of seed germination and seedling growth of deteriorate seeds of sainfoin (Onobrichis viciifolia) in basic and active collections of gene bank

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azadeh Kavandi 1
  • Ali Ashraf Jafari 2
  • Mojtaba Jafarzadeh 3

1 MSc graduated in Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Iran

2 Professor, Range Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Borujerd, Iran

چکیده [English]

    In order to study the effects of storage conditions and osmopriming on the seed germination and seedling growth of sainfoin (Onobrichis vicifolia), two factorial experiments were conducted based in a completely randomized design with three replications in the laboratory and greenhouse of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran in 2015. The first factor was accessions origin (Khonsaer, Karaj, Ardebil, and Tehran), the second factor was seed storage conditions at two levels: basic storage (-18ºC) and active storage (+4ºC), and the third factor was seed priming at six levels, including soaking in different concentration of PEG 6000 solution for 24 hours to produce 0, -3, -6, -9 and 12 Bar osmotic potential and control (no priming). The seeds samples of 15 to 20 years ago that were kept in gene bank storages were examined. In the laboratory experiment, seeds were sown in Petri dishes, irrigated and placed in germinator in standard conditions (20°C) for two weeks. Germinated seeds were counted every two days and after two weeks seed germination was recorded. In the greenhouse experiment, 25 seeds were sown in each one-liter pot filled by an equal amount of soil, sand, and compost. Data were collected for germination traits as germination rate, radicle length, shoot seedling length, vigor index, root/shoot length ratio (RS), and seedling fresh weight. The results showed that the seeds in basic storage (-18ºC) had higher germination percentage, germination rate, and vigor index as compared with active storage. The effects of different priming levels showed that seed germination and germination rate were increased by application of hydropriming (distilled water), whereas, for radicle length, shoot seedling length, vigor index and seedling fresh weight and RS, the higher values were obtained by osmopriming in both laboratory and greenhouse condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seed storage conditions
  • Seed priming
  • seed conservation
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