همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان، ایران

چکیده

یکی از عوامل مهم در تعیین ساختار و ترکیب جوامع گیاهی به ویژه در مراتع خشک و نیمه‌خشک، آتش‌سوزی می‌باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر آتش‌سوزی بر پویایی پوشش‌گیاهی در مراتع نیمه‌استپی زاگرس مرکزی انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری پوشش‌گیاهی به روش تصادفی طبقه‌بندی شده و در 6 سایت حریق شامل آتش‌سوزی یکساله و 5 ساله انجام شد. در هر سایت مرتعی، تعداد 20 پلات 4 متر مربعی مستقر شد که 10 پلات در منطقه حریق و 10 پلات در منطقه شاهد اجرا شد. گونه‌های موجود در داخل هر پلات و درصد تاج‌پوشش هر یک از این گونه‌ها به طور دقیق ثبت گردید. جهت مقایسه هر کدام از متغیرهای مربوط به پوشش‌گیاهی از تجزیه واریانس یک‌طرفه و آزمون توکی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که آتش‌سوزی باعث کاهش پوشش‌گیاهی، لاشبرگ و افزایش معنی‌دار سطح خاک لخت در منطقه گردید. ترکیب گونه‌ای پوشش‌گیاهی با گذشت یک دوره 5 ساله از آتش‌سوزی به منطقه شاهد (نسوخته) نزدیک شد. آتش‌سوزی باعث کاهش درصد سهم شکل رویشی بوته‌ای و افزایش سهم اشکال رویشی گراس چندساله، گراس یکساله و پهن‌برگ یکساله در منطقه شد. در اثر آتش‌سوزی، سهم شکل زیستی کامفیت افزایش، و شکل‌های زیستی همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها، تروفیت‌ها و ژئوفیت‌ها کاهش یافت. همچنین آتش‌سوزی باعث افزایش سهم گونه‌های با خوشخوراکی زیاد و متوسط (کلاس I و II) و کاهش سهم گیاهان کلاس III گردید. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که آتش‌سوزی باعث کاهش لاشبرگ و افزایش خاک لخت شده و در پی آن فرسایش خاک تشدید یافته و این نکته در مدیریت مرتع باید مد نظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of fire on vegetation dynamics in semi-steppe rangelands (Case study: Buin va Miandasht rangelands, Isfahan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Naghipour Borj 1
  • Sina Nabizadeh 2
  • Javad Pourezaie 3

1 Assistant Professor., Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Iran

2 MSc. in Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran

چکیده [English]

     Fire is one of the most important influencing factors on the structure and composition of plant communities, especially in arid and semiarid rangelands. This study was designed to investigate the role of fire on vegetation dynamics in semi-steppe rangelands of Central Zagros. A stratified random sampling was used to collect the data from six sites with one and five years after the last fire. At each rangeland site, 20 plots with four square area meters, 10 plots in the burned sites and 10 plots in the control sites, were used. The cover percentage of each species was accurately recorded. A one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to compare each of the variables. The results showed that the fire significantly reduced the vegetation cover and litter, and increased the bare soil surface in the region. The composition of the fire region was close to the control area after a period of five years. The fire caused a decrease in the percentage of shrubs and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses, annual grasses, and annual forbs in the region. The fire also changed the vegetation composition of rangelands, so that the proportion of hemicryptophytes, therophytes, and geophytes were decreased while chamaephytes increased. Fire also increased the proportion of high and moderate palatable species (class I and II) and reduced the proportion of class III species. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the fire reduces litter and increases the bare soil; consequently, the soil erosion is exacerbated, hence this should be considered in rangeland management. Overall, uncontrolled fires in the semi-arid regions of the country will not lead to the restoration of vegetation cover.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Central Zagros
  • Life Form
  • Growth form
  • Palatability
  • Litter
  • Rangelands fire
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