همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

تعیین ظرفیت چرا، یکی از اساسی­ترین موارد در اداره مرتع است و عدم رعایت آن، یکی از عوامل تخریب مرتع است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین ظرفیت چرا در مراتع طالقان میانی در قالب سیاست کوتاه مدت است تا عواملی که در محاسبه ظرفیت چرا باید اعمال شود، مورد توجه قرار گیرد و بتوان علاوه بر حفاظت، به بهبود وضعیت مرتع نیز کمک کرد.نمونه­برداری در خرداد ماه 1392، از پوشش گیاهی با روش تصادفی- سیستماتیک انجام و مقدار تولید علوفه­ در هر تیپ گیاهی به تفکیک گونه­های قابل چرای دام از هر سه کلاس خوشخوراکی I, II, III، برداشت شد. بعد از آن، حد بهره­برداری مجاز تعیین وسپس ظرفیت چرای کوتاه مدت، به روش محاسبه­ انرژی روزانه مورد نیاز دام و با توجه به کیفیت علوفه­ تعیین شد. نتایج حاکی از آنست که ظرفیت چرا در منطقه از 0 تا 1534 رأس گوسفند نژاد فشندی در طول فصل چرا (4 ماه) تغییر می­کند. مساحت لازم برای چرای یک رأس گوسفند نژاد فشندی در طول فصل چرا از 92/1 تا 63/8 هکتار متغیر است. بطور کلی بر مبنای نتایج، ظرفیت چرای تمام مراتع مورد مطالعه در طول فصل چرا (4 ماه)، معادل 6802 رأس گوسفند بالغ نژاد فشندی است که برای چرای یک رأس گوسفند بالغ نژاد فشندی، بطور متوسط 76/3 هکتار از مراتع منطقه توصیه می­شود و این در حالی است که ظرفیت چرا در مراتع مورد مطالعه برای مراتع با وضعیت خوب، تقریبا برابر با 145 راس گوسفند نژاد فشندی در هر هکتار و برای مراتع با وضعیت ضعیف، برابر با 19 راس دام در هکتار است. از این­رو در محاسبه ظرفیت چرا لازم است به خوشخوراکی گیاهان، حد بهره برداری مجاز، کیفیت علوفه و تفاوت در نیاز روزانه دام بسته به وزن دام چراکننده در مرتع و میزان تحرک آن نیز توجه نمود. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر سعی دارد توجه همکان را به این نکته معطوف دارد که در محاسبه ظرفیت چرائی مرتع باید به همه عوامل تاثیر کذار توجه گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Short term grazing capacity of Middle Taleghan rangelands

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdokht Allahmoradi 1
  • Hosein Arzani 2
  • Ali Tavili 3

1 Former M.Sc. Student in Range Management Department of Rehabilitation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Rehabilitation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Associated Professor, Department of Rehabilitation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Determining grazing capacity of rangelands is one of the main factors in range management so that, regarding this important factor, is one the main causes of range degradation in Iran. Middle Taleghan rangelands have utilized for many years thus, there aren’t preserved from degradation. The aim of this research was to determine the short term grazing capacity of these rangelands to show factors affecting grazing capacity and both preserve and improve the condition of them. During the field work was done in June 2013, sampling performed by random- systematic method using four 150 meters transects and 10 plots along each one randomly and current forage production was harvested in separation of each species form all three palatability classes. Then proper use factor was determined. Finally, short term grazing capacity was calculated through the computing daily requirement energy method and attending to forage quality for each type. The results are shown that grazing capacity range from 0 to 1534 Fashandi race adult sheeps for grazing period. Least required area for a sheep grazing range from 1.92 to 8.63 hectares for grazing period. Grazing capacity for all of studied rangelands is equal to 6802 Fashandi race adult sheep by 60.7 kg weight and least required area for a sheep grazing is 3.76 hectares in average, Whereas the actual grazing capacity in these rangeland is mostly 159 Fashandi race adult sheeps  per hectar  for good condition ranges ang 19 for poor condition ranges. So, For calculating grazing capacity it is also necessary to consider palatability, proper use factor, forage quality, animal weight and its daily requirement and its movment rate in addition to rangeland yield. Thus, current research is emphasizing on to pay attention toward all effective factors in evaluating rangeland grazing capacity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Short term grazing capacity
  • palatability
  • proper use factor
  • livestock daily requirement
  • Fashandi race sheep
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