همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 مربی، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

گیاهان مهاجم به عنوان تهدیدی مهم برای اکوسیستم‌های جهان محسوب می‌شوند.سرخس عقابی (Pteridium aquilinum) از جمله گیاهان مهاجم است که در بین پترودوفیت‌ها بیشترین پراکنش را در جهان دارد. این تحقیق به مطالعه اثر هجوم گیاه سرخس عقابی بر ترکیب گونه‌ای، غنا و تنوع و تولید علوفه در بخشی از مراتع ییلاقی بندپی بابل در استان مازندران پرداخته است. نمونه‌گیری پوشش گیاهی در چهار تیپ پوشش گیاهی مورد هجوم (شامل جنگل راش، تیپ ولیک، تیپ ولیک-زرشک و مرتع مورد هجوم) و مرتع شاهد که سرخس عقابی در آن حضور نداشت انجام شد. در پلات‌های یک متر مربع درصد تاج پوشش گیاهان برآورد گردید. برای گونه‌های درختچه‌ای از پلات‌های 25 متر مربعی استفاده شد. درصد پوشش سرخس عقابی، تراکم و میانگین ارتفاع فروندهای آن نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. علوفه خوشخوراک نیز در پلات‌ها قطع و پس از خشک کردن در هوای آزاد توزین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیب گیاهی در توده‌های سرخس عقابی با مراتع اطراف تفاوت دارد. تعداد 25 گونه گیاهی تنها در زیرآشکوب سرخس عقابی رشد یافتند و در مقابل 11 گونه گیاهی محدود به مراتع خارج از توده‌های سرخس عقابی بودند. این تغییرات رابطه معنی‌داری با درصد تاج پوشش، تراکم و ارتفاع گیاه سرخس عقابی داشته است. گیاهان یکساله در توده‌های سرخس عقابی کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان دادند. به جز در تیپ ولیک-زرشک در سایر تیپ‌های گیاهی با هجوم سرخس عقابی تغییر معنی‌داری در تولید علوفه مشاهده نشد. گسترش این گیاه در مراتع منطقه باعث کاهش حضور گندمیان مرغوب مرتعی، افزایش غنای گونه‌ای و در مقابل کاهش تنوع شده است. در صورت کنترل گیاه سرخس عقابی در این منطقه ترکیب پوشش گیاهی موجود در زیر اشکوب آن برای احیاء کافی نبوده و باید به روش مناسب بذر گیاهان مرغوب مرتعی و بومی منطقه را استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vegetation changes in summer rangelands invaded by Pteridium aquilinum in north face of Alborz mountains (Case study: Baosere rangeland in Bandpay Babol, Mazandaran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahman Adabi Firozjaii 1
  • Jamshid Ghorbani 2
  • seyd hasan Zali 3

1 Former MSC student in rangeland management, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Iran

2 Associate professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Iran,

3 Instructor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Iran

چکیده [English]

Invasive species are the major threats to natural ecosystems worldwide. Pteridium aquilinum has the widest distribution of any pteridophyta in the world. This study aimed at investigating the impact of Pteridium aquilinum invasion on species composition, richness and diversity, and forage production in summer rangelands of Bandpay Babol, Mazandaran province, Iran. Vegetation was sampled in four invaded vegetation types including Fagus orientalist forest, Crataegus shrubland, Crataegus+Berberis shrubland, and rangeland. Also, vegetation sampling was done in surrounding uninvaded rangelands. The cover of species was estimated in 1 m2 plot for herbaceous and 25 m2 for shrubs. In all plots, the cover of P. aquilinum was estimated and then all fronds were cut at ground level, counted and frond length was measured. The forage of palatable species was measured by clipping and weighing. Findings showed different species composition among invaded and uninvaded areas. A total of 25 species were found only in invaded areas whereas only 11 species were detected in surrounding uninvaded rangelands. Cover, density and height of P. aquilinum fronds significantly influenced the species composition. Annuals significantly decreased by Pteridium aquilinum invasion. Except for Crataegus+Berberis shrubland, in other invaded areas the forage production was not significantly different from that in surrounding uninvaded rangeland. There was a reduction of desirable rangeland species due to P. aquilinum invasion. Also, we found that species richness significantly increased when invaded by Pteridium, while the diversity significantly decreased. The current understory floristic composition showed a low potential to support future restoration after P. aquilinum control. This result emphasizes the need for adding the seeds of desirable species

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pteridium aquilinum
  • invasive species
  • biodiversity
  • forage production
  • Hyrcanian rangeland
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