همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قم، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قم، ایران

2 عضو هیأت علمی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

از عوامل مهم و تاثیرگذار بر تولیدات دامی در مناطق خشک می­توان به محدودیت منابع آبی، افزایش شوری و فقدان مواد غذایی اشاره کرد. گونه­های هالوفیت در زیستگاه‌های شور به عنوان منابع جایگزین علوفه از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردارند. کیفیت علوفه یکی از عواملی اصلی تعیین کننده نیازهای غذایی دام و متعاقباً ظرفیت چرایی مرتع است. تعیین کیفیت علوفه گونه­های مرتعی، جهت مدیریت صحیح مراتع لازم و ضروری است. کیفیت علوفه، در مکان­ها و زمان­های مختلف، متفاوت بوده و عوامل مختلفی بر روی آن تاثیرگذار هستند. از جمله این عوامل می­توان به مراحل مختلف فنولوژی اشاره کرد. آگاهی از کیفیت علوفه شورروی­ها در هر مرحله فنولوژیک علاوه بر اینکه به بهره­برداران در مناطق خشک و بیابانی کمک می‌کند تا گونه­های گیاهی مناسب را برای کاشت در برنامه­های شورورزی انتخاب نمایند، بلکه باعث می­شود زمان مناسب چرا برای دستیابی به عملکرد بیشتر دام در اراضی شور نیز تعیین شود. در این تحقیق، اثر مراحل مختلف فنولوژیک بر هشت فاکتور موثر در کیفیت علوفه سه گونه مرتعی Halocnemum strobilaceum M.B. ، Nitraria schoberiL. و Suaeda aegyptiaca Zoh. بررسی شد. نمونه­های گیاهی در سه مرحله فنولوژیک شامل رشد رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی از اراضی شور حاشیه حوض سلطان در استان قم جمع­آوری شدند. داده‌ها به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی تجزیه واریانس شدند. مقایسه میانگین­ها با آزمون چند دامنه­ای دانکن انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر گونه و مراحل فنولوژیک بر کیفیت علوفه در سطح آماری یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. حداکثر کیفیت علوفه در مرحله رشد رویشی به­دست آمد و پس از آن کیفیت علوفه تا مرحله بذردهی کاهش پیدا کرد. به طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق حکایت از برتری گونه  Ha. strobilaceum  از نظر ارزش غذایی نسبت به دو گونه Ni. schoberi و Su. aegyptiaca داشت، به طوری که می­تواند به عنوان منبع جدید علوفه در اراضی تحت تاثیر شوری که سایر منابع علوفه امکان رشد و تولید در این اراضی را ندارند در نظر گرفته شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey the potential of halophytes as livestock forage (Case study: rangelands of Houze Sultan-Qom)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mahdi Adnani 1
  • Mohammad Reza Tatian 2
  • Ehsan Zandi Esfahan 3
  • Reza Tamartash 4
  • Hosein Bagheri 1

1 Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Qom Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qom, Iran

2 Faculty Member of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

4 Associated Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Important and influential factors on livestock production in arid areas are limited water resources, increasing salinity and lack of food. Halophytes are especially important in saline habitats as alternative forage sources. Forage quality is one of the main factors determining the nutritional requirements of livestock and subsequently the grazing capacity of rangelands. Determination of forage quality of rangeland species is one of the fundamental factors for proper rangeland management. The quality of forage varies in different places and times and different factors affect it. Awareness of forage quality of halophytes at each phenological stage, not only helps beneficiaries in arid and desert areas to select suitable plant species for planting in haloculture programs, but also sets the appropriate time for grazing to achieve greater livestock performance in saline lands. In the present study, the effects of phenological stages on eight forage quality traits were investigated for three halophytes ie., Halocnemum strobilaceum, Nitraria schoberi and Suaeda aegyptiaca. Plant samples were collected in vegetative, flowering, and seeding stages from saline lands in the margin of Houze Sultan, Qom province. Data were analyzed by a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. Duncan mean comparison test was performed. The results showed that the effects of species and phenological stages on forage quality were significant (p < /em><0.01). In general, the results of this study indicated the superiority of Ha. strobilaceum in terms of nutritional value compared to Ni. schoberi and Su. aegyptiaca, so that it can be considered as a new source of forage in the lands affected by salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage quality
  • Phenological stage
  • Halophyte
  • Saline land
  • Houze Sultan
  • Qom
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