همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش بیابان، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات ،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

مهمترین عامل زمین‌ساختاری که در بیابان‌زایی مؤثر است رخنمون گنبدهای نمکی است. به علت خاصیت انحلال‌پذیری آن و همچنین تأثیری که می‌تواند بر کیفیت منابع آب و خاک مناطق اطراف بگذارد، مطالعه و بررسی آن از اهمیت ویژه­ای در طرح­های کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی برخوردار است، زیرا منجر به کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک و گسترش بیابان­ها خواهد شد. در این پژوهش سعی شده است با بررسی کیفیت آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی و همچنین بررسی عوامل زمین‌شناسی، ریخت‌شناسی، پویایی نمک و درزه‌های تکتونیکی اطراف گنبد نمکی دشتی ارتباط آن در بیابان‌زایی مشخص گردد. ضخامت ستون نمک در گنبد نمکی دشتی در حدود 2800 متر برآورد شده است و نمکشارهای نمکی تحت تأثیر توپوگرافی گنبد (شمال‌شرقی- جنوب‌غربی) از دو طرف سرازیر شده و روی سنگ­های درون گیر اطراف قرار گرفته­اند. بنابراین رسوبات پایین‌دست مدام مورد تهدید آلودگی‌ها می‌باشند. به‌طوری‌که با بررسی پویایی گنبد مشخص شد که تعادل میان میزان عرضه و فقدان نمک در گنبد نمکی مورد نظر همیشه برقرار است و در گسترش بیابان در اطراف خود نقش فعال و دائمی دارد. جریان آب­های زیرزمینی در آبخوان­های منطقه به‌طور عمده توسط تراوایی درزه‌های تکتونیکی و گسل‌های اطراف گنبد کنترل می­شود و تأثیر گنبد در شوری آب‌های زیرزمینی را تأیید می‌نماید. فعالیت نزدیک به سطح دیاپیر نمکی دشتی قبل از کوه‌زایی زاگرس عاملی مهم و اساسی در تخریب خاک‌های محدوده طاقدیس کنگان و گسترش بیابان‌زایی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Structural dynamics of salt dome on the salinity of the surrounding area

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Zandifar 1
  • Maryam Naeimi 1
  • Zohre Ebrahimi Khosfi 2

1 Assistant professor of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, agricultural research, education and extension, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant professor of Department of Natural Resources, Jiroft University

چکیده [English]

The most important structural factor that contributes to desertification is the appearance of salt domes. Due to its solubility and also the effect it can have on the quality of water and soil resources in the surrounding areas, its study is of special importance in agricultural projects and natural resources because it will reduce soil fertility and expand deserts. In this study, it has been tried to determine the quality of surface and groundwater and also to study the factors of geology, morphology, salt dynamics, and tectonic fractures around the Dashti salt dome and its relationship in desertification. The thickness of the salt column in the Dashti salt dome has been estimated at approximately 2,800 meters, and salt glaciers are affected by the topography of the dome (northeastern-southwest) from both sides and laid on the surrounding rocks. For this reason, low sediment is constantly threatened with contamination. Examining the dynamics of the dome, it was found that the balance between the amount of supply and the lack of salt in the desired salt dome is always established and plays an active and permanent role in the expansion of the desert around it. The flow of groundwater in the aquifers of the region is mainly controlled by the permeability of tectonic joints and faults around the dome and confirms the effect of the dome on the salinity of groundwater. Close activity to the surface of the Dashti salt diapir before the orogeny of Zagros is an important and fundamental factor in the destruction of the Kangan anticline soils and the expansion of desertification.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tectonic joint
  • salt dynamics
  • Water quality
  • Salt diapir
  • Namakier
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