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ارزیابی آسیب پذیری خشکسالی مراتع در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز پیشکوه استان یزد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، بخش حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

خشکسالی می­تواند تولید پایدار و ثابت اکوسیستم­های طبیعی ازجمله مراتع را کاهش دهد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، پهنه‌بندی آسیب‌پذیری خشکسالی مراتع در حوزه آبخیز پیشکوه استان یزد بوده است. در این پژوهش از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی و روش تصمیم‌گیری چند­معیاره­ (AHP) استفاده شد. در این راستا، پارامترهای تأثیر­گذار بر آسیب‌پذیری خشکسالی مراتع منطقه مطالعاتی که شامل پارامترهای شیب، جهت شیب، بارش، بافت خاک و تبخیر بودند استخراج گردید و به‌کمک (GIS) به لایه­های اطلاعاتی تبدیل شد. پس از وزن­دهی لایه­ها از لحاظ اهمیت در آسیب­پذیری خشکسالی در چارچوب تصمیم­گیری چند­معیاره (MCDM)، تلفیق و نقشه نهایی آسیب­پذیری خشکسالی منطقه مطالعاتی تهیه گردید. همچنین به‌منظور کنترل و دقت‌سنجی نقشه نهایی، از مطالعات میدانی محدوده مطالعاتی نیز کمک گرفته شد. در پایان، نقشه تیپ غالب گیاهی مرتعی تهیه و با نقشه آسیب­پذیری خشکسالی مراتع منطقه مطالعاتی همپوشانی انجام شد تا مقاوم­ترین و آسیب­پذیرترین تیپ ­گیاهی مرتعی شناسایی گردد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن پارامترهای مؤثر در آسیب‌پذیری خشکسالی مراتع مربوط به پارامتر بارش مقدار آن برابر با 54/0 و کمترین وزن مربوط به پارامتر شیب با مقدار 061/0 است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، نواحی شرقی، جنوب‌شرقی و جنوبی حوزه آبخیز پیشکوه دارای بیشترین میزان آسیب‌پذیری خشکسالی مراتع و تیپ Ar.au-St.ba.Sc.or آسیب­پذیرترین تیپ گیاهی منطقه مطالعاتی است. بنابراین توصیه می‌شود منابع و راهکارهای مدیریتی بیشتری در مراتع آسیب­پذیر به‌منظور حفاظت از خاک و پوشش گیاهی آن اجرا گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment Rangelands Drought Vulnerability in Arid and semi-arid regions (Case Study: Pishkouh Watershed, Yazd Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad ekrami 1
  • rasool mahdavi 2
  • mazieh rezaei 3
  • hassan vagharfard 2
  • Jalal Barkhordari 4

1 PhD student of Watershed Sciences and Engineering-water, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Yazd Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Yazd, Iran center,AREEO, Yazd, Iran

چکیده [English]

      Drought can reduce the sustainable production of natural ecosystems, including rangelands. The main purpose of this study was to expand the vulnerability of rangelands drought in the Pishkuh watershed in Yazd province. In the present study, geographical information systems and multi-criteria decision-making method (AHP) were used. In this regard, the parameters affecting the drought vulnerability of rangelands of the study area, including slope, slope direction, precipitation, soil texture, and evaporation were extracted and converted into information layers with the help of GIS. After weighing the layers in terms of importance in drought vulnerability in the framework of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), the final combination and drought vulnerability map of the study area was prepared. Also, to control and measure the final map, field studies of the study area were used. Finally, a map of the dominant rangeland vegetation type was prepared and overlapped with the drought vulnerability map of the rangelands of the study area to identify the most resistant and vulnerable rangeland vegetation type. The results showed that the highest weight of the effective parameters in rangeland drought vulnerability was related to the precipitation with a value of 0.54, and the lowest weight was related to the slope with a value of 0.061. Based on the results, the eastern, southeastern, and southern regions of the Pishkuh watershed have the highest rate of rangelands drought vulnerability, and Ar.au-St.ba.Sc.or type is the most vulnerable vegetation type in the study area. It is recommended that more management resources and strategies be implemented in vulnerable rangelands to protect the soil and its vegetation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Plant Type
  • Drought management
  • Degradation
  • GIS
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تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران
دوره 27، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 80
مهر 1399
صفحه 577-595
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هم رسانی
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