همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری- دانشکده منابع طبیعی- دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگانT گلستان

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

3 استاد گروه مدیریت مناطق بیابانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

5 دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

در مدیریت عرصه­های منابع طبیعی، شناخت عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی موثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی به منظوردستیابی به توسعه پایدار و آمایش سرزمین ضروری است. در این تحقیق به بررسی و تعیین عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی موثر بر تغییرات کاربری اراضی منطقه مراوه­تپه در استان گلستان اقدام شد. این منطقه در سال­های اخیر با معضل تغییر کاربری اراضی روبرو بوده است به طوری که عرصه های مرتعی و جنگلی در طی دوره مطالعاتی (93-1365) کاهش یافته و کاربری کشاورزی با میزان افزایش سالانه حدود 132 هکتار مساحت در سال 1393 به 97/10332 هکتار رسیده است. این تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی در 16 روستای منطقه مورد مطالعه به روش پیمایشی اجرا گردید. ابزار جمع­آوری داده­ها، پرسشنامه بود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 310 نفر با روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای و چند مرحله­ای تعیین گردید. روایی ابزار تحقیق با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان منابع طبیعی، جامعه شناسی و ترویج و پایایی آن با استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ تعیین شد که مقدار ضریب 75/0 به دست آمد. در این تحقیق از روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی استفاده شد. برای تحلیل عاملی از روش مولفه­های اصلی با استفاده از چرخش متعامد و نوع واریماکس استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که هشت عامل عدم صرفه اقتصادی دامداری، افزایش جمعیت کشاورز، بیکاری روستاییان، کم بودن درآمد و هزینه­های بالای زندگی، افزایش قیمت نهاده­ها، نیاز به مسکن و فقدان آگاهی، کسب اعتبار اجتماعی و مالکیت زمین از جمله عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی موثر بر تغییر کاربری مراتع منطقه مراوه­تپه به شمار می­آیند که در مجموع 80/63 درصد واریانس کل را تبیین می­کنند. با توجه به یافته­های تحقیق، توجه به مسائل اقتصادی و مالی و وضعیت اشتغال ساکنین روستاهای منطقه مراوه­تپه و همچنین ساماندهی دامداری، تولیدات دامی و عرضه نهاده­های دامی به منظور کاهش تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی و مرتعی و حفاظت عرصه­های منابع طبیعی پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Socio-Economic Driving Force of the Land Use Change in Rangelands and Forests of Maraveh Tappeh region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asghar Farajollahi 1
  • Hamidreza Asgari 2
  • Majid Ownagh 3
  • Mohammadreza Mahboubi 4
  • Abolrasoul Salman Mahini 5

1 Department of Watershed and Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gorgan University of agriculture and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan.

2 Associate professor, Department of Arid Regions Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran.

3 professor, Department of Arid Regions Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran.

4 Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran.

5 Associate professor, Department of the Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In the management of natural resource, recognizing socioeconomic factors affecting land use change is essential for achieving sustainable development and land use planning. In this research, we investigate and determine the socio-economic factors affecting land use changes in the Maraveh Tappeh region of Golestan province. This area has been affected by land use change in recent years. The rangelands and forests have decreased during the study period (1984-2014), and agricultural use with an annual increase of 132 hectares has reached to 10332.97 ha in 2014. This descriptive-analytic research was carried out in 16 villages in the study area with survey sampling method. Data collection was performed by questionnaire and the numbers of questionnaires were determined 310 people. Sampling was done through a Cochran formula and cluster sampling and multi-stage sampling. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the study and it was found 0.75. In this study, exploratory factor analysis method was used. For the factor analysis, the principal components method was used using rotation varimax. The results of factor analysis showed that socio-economic factors affect on land-use changes in Maraveh Tappeh region and these factors are including: non-economic efficiency of animal husbandry, Low land per capita for each farmer, rural unemployment, low income and high cost of living, increasing input price, the need for housing and the lack of awareness, social reputation and land ownership. These eight factors explained 63.80% of the total variance. Considering researching findings, attention to economic and financial problems and employment condition of village’s resident of Maraveh Tappeh region is essential. Also, husbandry and livestock production management and supply of livestock inputs have been proposed to reduce the land use changes of forests and rangelands and to protect the natural resources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Golesatn Province
  • Unemployment
  • Factor analysis
  • Income
  • economic justification
  • land use
 
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