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ارزش غذایی و عناصر معدنی گونه‌هایArtemisia austriaca ، A. melanolepis و Thymus kotschyanus در مراحل فنولوژیکی و ارتفاعات مختلف مراتع جنوب شرقی سبلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم ومهندسی مرتع، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

3 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

5 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

6 استادیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

اطلاعات کیفیت علوفه به مدیران مرتع در انتخاب روش‌های چرایی مناسب به منظور ارتقاء عملکرد دام‌ها بدون صدمه زدن به اکوسیستم کمک می‌کند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی ارزش غذایی سه گونه مرتعی Thymus kotschyanus،  Artemisia melanolepisو Artemisia austriaca در مراحل فنولوژی و ارتفاعات مختلف در سال 1395 بوده است. با توجه به حضور گونه­ها، سه مکان در جنوب­شرقی سبلان در محدوده پیست اسکی آلوارس در دامنه ارتفاعی 2400-2200، 2600-2800 و 3200-3000 متر از سطح دریا انتخاب شدند. در هر سایت تعداد 50 نمونه از پایه‌های گونه‌ها در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی برداشت شد. ارزش غذایی گونه‌ها با تعیین درصد ماده‌خشک، خاکستر، ماده‌آلی، پروتئین‌خام، درصد چربی، دیواره سلولی بدون همی‌سلولز[1] و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی[2]، عناصر ماکرو (نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و سدیم) و میکرو (آهن، روی، مس و منگنز) در آزمایشگاه اندازه‌گیری و با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی ارزیابی شد. برای مقایسه میانگین از روش چند دامنه‌ای دانکن استفاده شد. با توجه به تفاوت ارتفاع در رویشگاه T.kotschyanus و A.melanolepis، تأثیر ارتفاع بر صفات این گونه‌ها به­طور جداگانه با آزمون t مستقل بررسی و نتایج نشان داد تغییرات ارتفاع بر ارزش­غذایی و عناصر ماکرو و میکرو T. kotschyanus و A. melanolepis تأثیری نداشت. اختلاف بین مراحل فنولوژیکی در گونه­ها معنی­دار بود. بیشترین و کمترین درصد ماده آلی در مرحله بذردهی و رویشی به ترتیب در A. austriaca (43/94 درصد) و A. melanolepis (49/91 درصد) بود. با پیشرفت مراحل رشد، کاهش معنی‌داری در درصد چربی، پروتئین‌خام و خاکستر در گونه‌ها مشاهده شد (05/0p <). بیشترین پروتئین خام در A.melanolepis در مرحله رویشی (17 درصد) و کمترین در A. austriaca در مرحله بذردهی (5/7 درصد) مشاهده شد. با پیشرفت مراحل رشد ماده آلی و خشک، NDF و ADF در گونه‌ها افزایش یافت. فسفر، پتاسیم، نیتروژن و سدیم در گونه‌ها با پیشرفت مراحل فنولوژی کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0p <). بیشترین فسفر در مرحله رویشی در A. austriaca (34/0 درصد) و کمترین (12/0 درصد) در T. kotschyanus در مرحله بذردهی ثبت شد. در مجموع گونه‌های A.austriaca، A.melanolepis وT. kotschyanus دارای ارزش غذایی بالا و عناصر معدنی مناسب که می­توان آن­ها را به عنوان علوفه جایگزین در شرایطی که سایر گونه‌های علوفه­ای مرتع تقلیل یافته‌اند، استفاده کرد.


 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutritional value and minerals of Artemisia austriaca, A. melanolepis and Thymus kotschyanus in different altitudes and phenological stages in southeastern rangelands of Sabalan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ardavan Ghorbani 1
  • Lida Andalibi 2
  • Farid Enferadi 3
  • Farzad Aghche Gheshlagh 4
  • Jamal Seyf Davati 5
  • Jaber Sharifi Niaragh 6

1 Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili . Iran

2 PhD student in Rangeland Science and Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

3 Former M.Sc. Student of Range Management, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran

6 Assistant Professor, Ardabil Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده [English]

Forage quality information could help managers of rangelands to select appropriate grazing method to achieve higher animal performance without damage to ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of Thymus kotschyanus, Artemisia melanolepis and A. austriaca in different altitudes and phenological stages in 2016. According to the presense of the selected species, three rangeland sites in the southeast of Sabalan near Alvares ski resort including 2200-2400, 2600-2800, and 3000-3200 meters above sea level were selected. At each site 50 samples from each species were taken at three phenological stages. The nutritional value of the species was determined by measuring the percentage of dry matter, ash, organic matter, protein, fat, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium) and micro elements (iron, zinc, copper and manganese) and the results were analyzed in a completely randomized design using ANOVA. Duncan's multiple range test was used to compare the means. Considernig the difference in altitude in the habitat of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis, the effect of altitude factor on the studied traits in these two species was solely evaluated by independent t-test and the results showed that, altitude changes had no effect on the nutritional value and macro and micro elements of T. kotschyanus and A. melanolepis. The difference between phenological stages in species was significant. The highest and lowest percentage of organic matter were in seedling and growth stages for A. austriaca (94.43%) and A. melanolepis (91.49%), respectively. As phenological stages pass, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of fat, protein and ash in all three species (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein was observed in A. melanolepis at vegetative stage (17%) and the lowest in A. austriaca at seedling stage (7.5%). With the development of growth stages organic and dry matter, NDF and ADF were increased in the species. Phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and sodium in the species were decreased significantly as phenological stages progress (p < 0.05). The highest phosphorus was recorded at vegetative stage in A. austriaca (0.34%) and the lowest (0.12%) in T. kotschyanus at the seedling stage. Overall, A. austriaca, A. melanolepis and T. kotschyanus have high nutritional value and suitable minerals, which can be used as substitute forage when other forage species are reduced in a given rangeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forage supply
  • Growth stages
  • Acid Detergent Fiber
  • Neutral Detergent Fiber
  • Crude protein
  • Fat percentage
  • livestock feed
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تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران
دوره 27، شماره 4
دی 1399
صفحه 722-731
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