همکاری با انجمن علمی مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشی،بخش منابع طبیعی،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری،سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

در سال­های اخیر استخراج از معادن به‌طور چشمگیری افزایش‌یافته و سبب تخریب منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست شده است. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر فعالیت­های معدنکاری بر تنوع، غنا، یکنواختی و ساختار پوشش گیاهی در مراتع اطراف معدن مس دره زرشک واقع در استان یزد انجام شد. جهت انجام تحقیق سه سایت نمونه­­برداری بافاصله (200-0)، (500-200) و (1000-500) متر از معدن انتخاب و سپس در هر سایت 3 ترانسکت 200 متری به فاصله 50 متر از هم به‌صورت عمود برجهت شیب مستقر و در هر ترانسکت 15 پلات 2 مترمربعی به فاصله 10 متر از هم قرار گرفت و در هر پلات، درصد تاج پوشش گونه‌های موجود و تراکم هرگونه ثبت شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس برای شاخص­های مختلف تنوع، غنا و یکنواختی گونه­ای نشان داد که تمامی شاخص­ها در سه محدوده موردبررسی تفاوت معنی­داری داشته است (05/0. p <). به‌طوری‌که شاخص‌های غنا و تنوع بافاصله از معدن افزایش می­یابد و در عوض شاخص یکنواختی پوشش گیاهی در نزدیک معدن بیشتر است. همچنین افزایش فاصله از معدن سبب افزایش معنی­دار درصد تاج پوشش تیره‌های Asteraceae، Fabaceae،Poaceae، Chenopodiaceae و Lamiaceae در پوشش گیاهی گردید (05/0 p <). علاوه بر این برخی ساختار پوشش گیاهی نظیر ژئوفیت، کاموفیت، همی کریپتوفیت، بوته‌ای‌ها، علف گندمیان و چندساله‌ها به‌طور معنی­داری در نزدیکی معدن کاهش یافتند. به‌طورکلی نتایج حاکی از آن بود که انجام عملیات معدنکاری تا حد زیادی بر ساختار پوشش گیاهی منطقه تأثیر گذاشته است و سبب کاهش تنوع گیاهی شده است. لذا لازم است در بررسی خسارت‌های وارده به مرتع موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Mining on Variation of Species Diversity, Richness and structure of vegetation cover (Case study Copper Mine in Dareh Zereshk, Yazd province, Iran).

نویسنده [English]

  • ELHAM fakhimi

Assistant professor,Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,areeo,Shahrekord,Iran

چکیده [English]

Mining has increased dramatically in recent years and, destroys natural resources and the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mining activities on diversity, richness, evenness and structure of vegetation cover in rangelands around copper mine of Dareh Zereshk located in Yazd province. Three sampling sites (0-200), (200-500) and (500-1000) meters far from the mine were selected for the study. Then, on each site, 3 transects of 200 m with 50 m apart, Were affected Perpendicular to the slope direction. In each plot, canopy cover percentage and density of plant species of existing species was recorded. The results of variance analysis for different indicators of species diversity, richness and evenness showed that all indicators had significant differences in the three study areas (p <0.05). So that the richness and diversity indices increased with distance from the mine and instead the evenness index was higher near the mine. Also, increasing the distance from the mine significantly increased the percentage of canopy cover of Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Lamiaceae(p <0.05). In addition, some structure of vegetation cover such as geophyte, chamophyte, hemicryptophyte, shrubs, grasses and perennials were significantly reduced near the mine. In general, the results showed that mining operations had a significant effect on the structure of vegetation in the area and reduced plant diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the pasture damage in the rangeland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • structure of vegetation cover
  • copper mine of Dareh Zereshk
  • Yazd province
Amiri, S., Erfanzadeh, R., Esmaeilpour, Y. and Omidipour, R., 2017. Application of additive partitioning to study the effect of aspect and elevation on alpha, beta and gamma diversities of plant species (Case study: protected area of Geno Hormozgan province). Journal of Range and Desert Research, 23(3): 643-658.
-Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A. A., Khatamsaz, M. and Mozaffarian, V. (Eds.).,1988-2010. Flora of Iran. vols. 1-51. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran.
-Ayobami Salamia, M. A., 2003. Impact Of Gold mining On vegetation And soil In Southwestern Nigeria, International Journal Environmental Studies,60(4):343-352.
-Badri poor, H., 1998. Effects of distance from trough on the range condition and vegetation characteristics. Thesis presented for M.Sc. degree in Renge Management,Tehran University, 90 pp.
-Baghestani Maybodi, N., Zare, M. T. and Abdollahi, J., 2007. Effects of 2-decade livestock exclusion on vegetation changes in steppic rangelands of Yazd province. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13(4): 337-346.
-Dalvand, M., Hamidian, A., Zare Chahuoki, M., Mirjalili, S. A. and Esmaeilzadeh, E., 2015.Investigating the effects of Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn Concentrations in Artemisia spp. Above ground biomass in the rangelands of Darreh Zereshk Copper Mine-Taft, Journal of Rangeland, 8(3): 219-229.
-Ejtihadi, H., Sepehri, A. S. and Akafi, H. R., 2009. Biodiversity Measurement Methods, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Publications, 228 pages.
-Fakhimi, E. Dianati Tilaki, Gh. A.,  Mesdaghi, M. and Naderi Nasr abad, H., 2009. The effect of water point distances on species diversity and species composition in dry Rangelands of Nodushan, Yazd Province, Iran, Rangelands Journal 3(1): 41-52.
-Ghahraman, A., 1978-2003. Colorful flora of Iran. vols: 1-20. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran .
-Hickman, K. R. Hartnett D. C. Cochran, R. C.and Owensby. C. E., 2004. Grazing management effects on plant species diversity in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management 57(2): 58-65.
-Hoshino, A., Yoshihara, Y., Sasaki, T., Okayasu, T., Jamsran, U., Okuro, T. and Takeuchi, K., 2009. Comparison of vegetation changes along grazing gradients with different numbers of livestock. Journal of Arid Environment 73(4):687-690.
-Holm, A. M., Bennet, L.T., Loneagan, W. A. and Adams, M. A., 2002. Relationships between empirical and nominal indices of landscape function in the arid shrublands of Western Australia,Journal of Arid Environment,50(1):1-21.
-Hosseinzadeh, G. Jalilvand, H. and Tamartash, R., 2008. Vegetation Cover Changes and Some Chemical Soil Properties in Pastures with Different Grazing Intensities. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach 14 (4), 500-512.
-Huston, M. A., 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113(2): 81-101.
-Jafarian, Z.,  Dehghan, M., Barjasteh, F. and Kargar,M., .2019. Diversity Assessment of Diversity and Functional Groups as one of the Biodiversity Indicators in Response to Elevated Gradients (Case Study: Cheshmeh Sorkho Rangelands, Ravar, Kerman Province, Journal of Environmental Studies, 45 (2):317-329.
-Jangjuo, M., 2009.Range improvement and development, Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran, 225 pp.
-Jozaghyan, A., Bashari, H., Pahlavanravi, A. and Ajorlo, M., 2016. Effect of clay and gypsum mining on vegetation and soil ecosystem condition (Case study: Segazi plain of Isfahan). Journal of Applied Ecology, 5(15): 65-74.
-Maassoumi, A. A., 1986-2005. The genus Astragalus in Iran. vols:1-5. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
-Marcantonio, M., Rocchini,D. Geri,F. Bacaro,G. and Amici,V.2013.Biodiversity, roads, & landscape fragmentation: Two Mediterranean cases, Journal of Applied Geography, 42(2): 48-62.
- Margalef, M., 1958. Information theory in ecology. General Systematics, 3(1):36-71.
-Menhenic, E. F., 1964. A comparison of some species individuals diversity indices applied to sample of field insects. Ecology, 45:859-861.
-Mesdaghi, M., 2000. Investigation on richness of species and life forms at three utilization in the semi-steppic north-east grasslands of Iran. Agriculture& Natural Resource Journal of Iran 7(3):55-61.
-Mesdaghi, M., 2011, Description and analysis of vegetation, Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, Mashhad, Iran, 288pp.
-Mirzaei, M. Gholami, P. and Jahnabat, A., 2019.Changes in species composition and diversity of semi-steppe rangelands of Zagros under the influence of biological operations, Journal of Rangeland,12(3):330-340.
-Mobayen, S. 1980-1996. Flora of Iran: vascular plants. vols. 1-4. Tehran University Press, Tehran.
-Merian, E. and Calson, T.W.,1991. .Metals and their compounds in the environment: occurrence, analysis, and biological relevance,New Yourk weinheim VCH press,411-418.
-Monemi, N. Rashtian, A. Karimian.A.A and Azimzade, H., 2018. Tateir of Bauxite Mine on Structural Parameters of Rangeland Vegetation (Case Study:Sadr Abad Nodushan Rangelands in Yazd), Journal of Rangeland,11(1):116-123.
 
- Pielou, E. C., 1966. Species diversity and pattern diversity in the study of ecological succession. Theorical Biology, 10(3): 370-383.
-Paruelo, J. M., 1996. Relative abundance of plant functional types in grassland and shrrublands of north America. Ecological Applications 6(4):1212-1224.
-Rechinger, K. H. (Ed).,1963-2010. Flora Iranica. vols. 1-178. Akademische Druck-U Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
-Rezaei, S., Ranjineh K. H. and Jafari Tabrizi, J., 2015. Geological Survey of Soil Coverage of Copper Sungun Mining Area of Azarbaijan Sharghei Province, Second National Conference of Geology and Mines Exploration, Shiraz,306 Pp.
- Ruthven, D. C., 2007. Grazing effect on forb diversity and abundance in a honey mesquite Parkland. Journal of Arid Environmment 68(4): 668-677
-Shannon, C. E. & Weaner, A., 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, 350 pp.
-Simpson, E.H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature, 12:1-20
-Shukri, M. and Safaeyan, N., 1997.Investigation of the effects of livestock species on key species of a pasture, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 50(2): 57-64.
-Tolera  M.  Z., Asfawa, M.,  Lemenih  and Karltun, E., 2008. Woody species diversity in a changing landscape in the south-central highlands of Ethiopia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 128(1):52–58
-Young, T. P., 2000. Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Biological Conservation, 92(2): 73–83.
-Van der Maarel, E., 1988. Species diversity in plant communities in relation to structure and dynamics. In: Diversity and pattern in plant communities (eds. H.J, During, M.J.A, Werger and H.J, Williams), SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp: 1-14.