نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازن دران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
چکیده
گونه‌های مرتعیAgropyron pectiniforme وElymus hispidus var. hispidus از گونه‌های مهم و خوشخوراک مرتعی در مراتع استان مازندران می‌باشند. هدف این تحقیق، انتخاب جمعیت‌های برتر به‌منظور تولید علوفه و استفاده از آن در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و احیایی مراتع بوده‌است. بذرهای تعدادی از جمعیت‌های بومی گونه‌های Agropyron pectiniformeوElymus hispidus var. hispidus در سینی‌های پلاستیکی مشبک کشت گردید و بعد از سبز شدن و دوره کوتاه عملیات داشت، در اوایل بهار در عرصه ایستگاه تحقیقاتی پشت‌کوه در ارتفاعات جنوب‌شرق ساری، روی دو خط (تکرار) به‌طول 20 متر طوری کشت شدند که 40 پایه از هر اکسشن روی خط کشت قرار گرفتند. فاصله آنها روی ردیف‌های کاشت 50/0 متر و فاصله خطوط از یکدیگر یک متر در نظر گرفته شد. آزمایش طی سال‌های 1393-1389 انجام شد. در سال اول و دوم به‌منظور استقرار گیاه از صفات گیاهی یادداشت‌برداری انجام نشد. معیارهای ارزیابی برای انتخاب گیاه عبارت بودند از: ارتفاع گیاه در زمان ظهور خوشه، سطح پوشش تاجی، درصد زنده‌مانی، تولید علوفه و تولید بذر. مراحل مختلف فنولوژی شامل مرحله رویشی، گلدهی، تشکیل بذر و رشد دوباره پاییزه با مراجعه 10-7 روزه یادداشت‌برداری شدند. داده‌های بدست‌آمده در محیط SPSS16 مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌های مربوط به عملکرد فاکتورهای مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 1% بین جمعیت گونه‌های مورد بررسی از لحاظ عملکرد تولید علوفه، رشد طولی، سطح تاج پوشش، درصد زنده‌مانی، قدرت نهال و تولید بذر وجود دارد. البته بین سال‌های مختلف از لحاظ عوامل مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌دار مشاهده نشد. بین برخی از جمعیت‌های گونه‌های مورد بررسی از لحاظ مراحل فنولوژیک، اختلاف وجود دارد و در این جمعیت‌ها، مراحل فنولوژیک دارای تأخیر حدود 7 روزه می‌باشد. بنابراین برای تولید و تقویت پوشش گیاهی علوفه‌ای می‌توان از بذرهای این جمعیت‌ها در مراتع کوهستانی استان مازندران استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of structural and functional traits of Acssessions of rangeland species Agropyron pectiniforme and Elymus hispidus var hispidus in rainfed conditions in Mazandaran province
نویسندگان [English]
- Hasan Ghelichnia 1
- Mahmodreza Ramazanpoor 2
1 Associate Prof, Forest and Rangeland Research Department. Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Sari,Iran
2 Assistant Professor, water and Soil Research Department. Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]
Agropyron pectiniforme and Elymus hispidus var hispidus are important and palatable species in Mazandaran province rangelands. This study aimed to select top populations for forage production and use them in rangeland breeding and rehabilitation programs. Seeds of native populations of Agropyron pectiniforme and Elymus hispidus var. Hispidus was planted in reticulated plastic trays and operated after emergence for a short period. In early spring, in the area of Poshtkuh research station in the southeastern altitude of Sari, were planted on two lines (repetitions) with a length of 20 meters so that 40 plants of each accession were placed on the planting line. Their distance on planting rows was 0.50 m, and the distance between the lines was considered one meter. The experiment was conducted during the years 2011-2015. In the first and second year, no plant data were recorded because of plant establishment. Evaluation criteria for plant selection were plant height at the time of cluster emergence, canopy cover, survival rate, forage production and seed production. Different phenological stages including vegetative stage, flowering, seed formation and fall regrowth were recorded in 7-10 days. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS16 software. The results of combined analysis of variance of data related to the performance of the evaluated factors showed that there was a significant difference at the (p < /em><0.01) between the populations of the studied species in terms of forage production yield, longitudinal growth, canopy cover, survival percentage, seedling strength, and seed production. There was no significant difference between different years in terms of the studied factors. There is a difference between some populations of the studied species in terms of phenological stages and these populations; the phenological stages have a delay of about seven days. Therefore, to produce and strengthen forage vegetation, the seeds of these populations can be used in the mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Rangeland plants
- Certified seed
- Grass
- Forb
- Plant properties
- Agropyron pectiniforme
- Elymus hispidus var hispidus
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