نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای، رشته آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل، ایران
2 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
4 استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران
5 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، ایران
چکیده
شهرستان سراوان ازجمله مناطق خرماخیز کشور بوده و خرمای رقم مضافتی جزء ارقام پرمحصول و درجه یک این ناحیه است. پدیده گردوغبار در این شهرستان در فصل تابستان مصادف با بهره‌برداری از درختان خرما حادث می‌شود. در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر گردوغبار بر برگ و خوشه درختان خرما و میزان عملکرد آن در سه منطقه سراوان، جالق و روتک با شدت گردوغبار متفاوت در دو سال 1395 و 1396 پرداخته شد. تعداد پنج نخلستان در هریک از سه منطقه انتخاب و درون هر نخلستان تعداد پنج پایه درخت خرما مشخص و از هریک تعداد 5 برگ به صورت غیر یکنواخت و تصادفی انتخاب گردید. نمونه‌گیری در طول ماه‌های اردیبهشت، خرداد، تیر و مرداد انجام شد. نتایج بیانگر تأثیر شدت گردوغبار بر خشک شدن برگ‌ها و برگچه‌ها و بازارپسندی میوه بود. طبق بررسیهای آماری میزان گردوغبار در مناطق مورد مطالعه در طی دو سال متوالی تأثیر شایسته و غیرقابل انکاری در تغییرات صفات مورد مطالعه در سه منطقه داشت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین عملکرد نهایی خرما نشان داد که منطقه سراوان دارای بیشترین عملکرد به میزان 14/210 کیلوگرم در درخت و مناطق جالق و روتک به‌ترتیب دارای عملکرد 57/129 و 77/63 کیلوگرم در درخت بودند. این نتایج نشان‌دهنده کاهش عملکرد 30 تا 40 درصدی خرمای رقم مضافتی در منطقه روتک با بیشترین شدت گردوغبار بود. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان‌دهنده اثرهای مخرب گردوغبار بر صفات مورد بررسی بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of dust effects on leaf, cluster and yield of palm trees (case study, Saravan)
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Osman Omara 1
- Mahmoud Ramroudi 2
- Alireza Rashki 3
- Mohammad Galavi 4
- Mitra Jabbari 5
1 PhD student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Arid and Desert Management, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
4 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher educational complex of Saravan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Saravan is one of the most date-growing regions of Iran, and the Mazafati cultivar is a high-yielding cultivar of this region. Dust phenomenon in this city occurs in summer, coinciding with the productivity of palm trees. In this study, the effect of dust on the leaves and clusters of date trees and its yield in three regions of Saravan, Jalqh, and Rutak with different dust intensities were investigated in 2016 and 2017. Five groves were selected in each of the three areas, and within each grove, five palm trees were identified, and five leaves from each tree were selected randomly. Sampling was done during May, June, July, and August. The results showed the effect of dust intensity on the drying of leaves, leaflets, and fruit marketing. According to statistical analysis, the amount of dust in the study areas during two consecutive years had a significant and undeniable effect on the changes in the studied traits. The results of the average comparison of the total yield of dates showed that the Saravan region had the highest yield, about 210.14 kg per tree, and the Jalqh and Rutak areas, respectively, had 129.57 and 63.77 kg per tree. These results showed about a 30 to 40% reduction in yield of Mazafati cultivar dates in the Rothak region with the highest dust intensity. The results showed the destructive effects of dust on the studied traits.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- The Date palm
- Mazafati cultivar
- Leaf surface sediments
- yield
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