نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران
3 استاد گروه خاکشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار ، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی تهران، ایران
چکیده
آلودگی خاک توسط آلایندههای هیدروکربنی نفتی یکی از مهمترین مشکلات زیست محیطی در مناطق مختلف جهان است. در مناطق نفتخیز غرب کشور و در طی سالیان اخیر، استهلاک سامانه استخراج و بهرهبرداری از مخازن نفتی منجر به نشت یا نهشت آلایندههای نفتی در خاک و منابع زیستی منطقه شده است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی قابلیت کاربرد گیاهان مرتعی بومی و افزودن باکتریها و مقدار کود مناسب در کاهش آلودگی هیدروکربنهای نفتی کل (TPHs) خاک بوده است. آزمایش گلدانی در قالب طرح فاکتوریل با طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی (CRD) با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای گیاهی شامل سه گیاه بومی یا سازگار مرتعی یونجه وحشی، آگروپایرون و آتریپلکس و تیمارهای باکتری شامل گونههای باکتری Bacillus pumilus (B1)، Pseudomonas putida (B2) و استفاده توأم این دو باکتری با توصیه کودی متناسب با آزمون خاک بود. همچنین تیمار شاهد (بدون کشت گیاه، بدون تلقیح باکتری و بدون کوددهی) اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که یونجه وحشی با کاهش 16/55 درصدی TPHs خاک کارایی بهتری نسبت به سایر گیاهان داشت. تلقیح باکتری B1 در برهم‌کنش با دو گیاه یونجه وحشی و آگروپایرون، با تجزیه 19/56 درصد TPHs خاک موفقتر از باکتری B2 عمل کرد. اما در گیاه آتریپلکس در برهم‌کنش با باکتریB2 و با تجزیه 64/54 درصد TPHs خاک موفقتر از B1 بود. با توصیه کامل کودی، گیاهان یونجه وحشی و آتریپلکس با کاهش 56/68 درصدی TPHs خاک بیشترین کارایی را داشتند. در تیمار خاک بدون کشت گیاه، باکتری B2 همراه با توصیه کودی بهترین عملکرد را داشت. باکتری با بهبود فعالیتهای متابولیک و توسعه سیستم ریشه و در نهایت افزایش زیتوده گیاه منجر به بهبود کارایی گیاه پالایی میشود. نتایج نشان از اثر معنیدار برهم‌کنش بین باکتری و نوع گیاه در وزن خشک اندام هوایی گیاه در سطح 01/0 α= بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigation of simultaneous application of fertilization operations and use of native rangeland plants and bacteria in the removal of petroleum pollution from soil
نویسندگان [English]
- Ronak Shirzadian Gilan 1
- yahya parvizi 2
- Ebrahim Pazira 3
- Farhad Rejali 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate professor, Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Associate professor, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Soil pollution by petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants is one of the most important environmental problems in different parts of the world. In the oil-rich regions of the west of the country and recent years, the depreciation of the oil extraction and exploitation system has led to leakage and distribution of oil pollutants in the soil and biological resources of the region. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of native rangeland plants and the addition of bacteria, and the amount of appropriate fertilizer to reduce pollution of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in the soil. The pot experiment was performed in the form of a factorial design with a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Plant treatments included three native or compatible plants of Medicago sativa, Agropyron trichophorum, and Atriplex canescens and bacterial treatments included Bacillus pumilus (B1), Pseudomonas putida (B2), and the combined use of these two bacteria with fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing. Also, control treatment (no plant culture, no bacterial inoculation, and no fertilization) was applied. The results showed that Medicago sativa, with a 55.16% reduction in soil TPHs had better performance than other plants. Inoculation of B1 bacterium in interaction with Medicago sativa and Agropyron trichophorum by decomposing 56.19% of soil TPHs was more successful than B2. However, Atriplex canescens was more successful than B1 in interacting with B2 bacteria and decomposing 54.64% of soil TPHs. With full fertilizer recommendation, Medicago sativa and Atriplex canescens plants were most effective, with a 68.56% reduction in soil TPHs. In soil treatment without plant cultivation, B2 bacterium had the best performance along with fertilizer recommendation. Bacteria improve phytoremediation efficiency by improving metabolic activities and developing the root system, and ultimately increasing plant biomass. The results showed a significant effect of interaction between bacteria and plant type on plant shoot dry weight at the level of α = 0.01.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Medicago sativa
- Agropyron trichophorum
- Atriplex canescens
- Bacillus pumilus
- TPHs
- Ultrasonic
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