نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس.ایران.
2 دانشگاه کشاورزی علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. ایران.
3 گروه آموزشی منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران
4 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران. تهران.ایران
چکیده
مدیریت مشارکتی در حفاظت از اکوسیستم‌های بیابانی، به دلیل حساسیت و شکنندگی بالای این اکوسیستم‌ها حائز اهمیت است. بااین‌حال، توجه ناکافی به موقعیت ذینفعان در شبکه روابط اجتماعی، منجر به شکست آن شده است. لذا شناسایی بازیگران کلیدی در مدیریت مشارکتی اکوسیستم‌های بیابانی مهم است. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی انسجام شبکه‌ی همکاری و تعیین بازیگران کلیدی ذینفعان دولتی در دو سطح نهادهای دولتی و مردمی با رویکرد مدیریت مشارکتی انجام شده است. اطلاعات و داده‌ها از طریق روش‌های پیمایشی، مصاحبه و شرکت در جلسات با نمایندگان دستگاه‌ها و جوامع محلی جمع‌آوری شد. پس از شناسایی 45 نهاد دولتی ذینفع، یک پرسشنامهتحلیل شبکه اجتماعی تهیه و توسط 41 نفر از اعضای جامعه محلی و 34 نفر از نهادهای دولتی تکمیل شد. سپس داده‌های تهیه شده وارد نرم‌افزار مایکروسافت اکسل شده و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار UCINET6.718 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. از دو ماتریس تک‌وجهی سازمان- سازمان و مردم- سازمان برای ترسیم شبکه‌ها استفاده شد و سپس شاخص‌های کلان و خرد شبکه مانند تراکم، مرکزیت بینابینی، نقاط برشی، مرکزیت درجه و مرکزیت بینابینی برای تفسیر شبکه‌ها محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص تراکم در هر دو شبکه‌ی همکاری سازمان- سازمان (672/0) و مردم- سازمان (77/0) بیش‌ازحد میانگین ارزیابی شده است و بنابراین قابل قبول است. همچنین، اداره‌ی حفاظت محیط‌زیست شهرستان قشم دارای بالاترین شاخص مرکزیت بینابینی در بین 45 دستگاه شناسایی‌شده در هر دو شبکه‌ی همکاری است. بنابراین، همکاری بیشتر سازمان‌های درگیر در مدیریت مشارکتی منابع طبیعی برای حفاظت و توسعه جنگل‌های حرا به منظور کاهش هر نوع آلودگی محیط‌زیست پیشنهاد می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Participatory management in desert ecosystems; Study of cooperation network of public and governmental institutions in mangrove forests (Qeshm Island)
نویسندگان [English]
- Zahra Soleymani 1
- Hannaneh Mohmmadi Kangarani 2
- Marzieh Rezai 3
- Mahnaz Hosseinzadeh 4
1 Department of Desertification, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar abas, I. R. Iran.
2 Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, I. R. Iran.
3 Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
4 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]
Participatory management in the protection of desert ecosystems is important due to the high sensitivity and fragility of these ecosystems. However, insufficient attention to the position of stakeholders in the social relations network has led to its failure. Therefore, identifying key actors is significant in the participatory management of the desert ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the coherence of the cooperation network and determine the key actors of government stakeholders at both levels of government and public institutions considering the participatory management approach. Information and data were collected through surveying, interviews, and participating meetings with representatives of the organizations and local communities. After identifying 45 beneficiary government institutions, a social network analysis questionnaire was developed and completed by 41 members of the local community and 34 members of the governmental institutions. Then, the prepared data were entered into the Microsoft Excel software and were analyzed using the UCINET6.718 software. Two one-dimensional matrices of organization-organization and people-organization were used to delineate the networks; then, different macro and micro indicators of the network such as density, shear points, degree centrality, and betweenness centrality were calculated to interpret the networks. The results showed that density index in both organization-organization (0.672) and people-organization (0.77) cooperation networks were evaluated more than average. So, it is acceptable. Also, the Department of Environmental Protection of Qeshm city has the highest index of betweenness centrality among 45 identified devices in both cooperation networks. Therefore, more cooperation of the organizations involved in participatory management of natural resources is suggested to protect and develop the mangrove forests to reduce each type of environmental pollution.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Social Network Analysis
- density
- mangrove forests
- participatory management
- degree centrality
- NetDraw
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