نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان
2 عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور
3 مربی پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران
4 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران،
چکیده
ظرفیت مرتع به عوامل متعددی ازجمله مقدار تولید علوفه بستگی دارد. تولید علوفه در طی فصل چرا و سال‌های مختلف متفاوت است. هدف از مشخص کردن ظرفیت چرا، تعیین مقدار تولید علوفه در طی فصل چرا هست. به‌منظور تعیین میزان تولید و مصرف علوفه در مراحل مختلف رویشی، این طرح به مدت 4 سال (89-1386) با انتخاب 18 گونه چند‌ساله به همراه گونه‌های یک‌ساله در مراتع بادامستان زنجان به اجرا درآمد. بدین منظور با شروع فصل چرا و ورود دام به مرتع، میزان علوفه باقیمانده پس از چرای دام تا زمان خروج دام با فواصل یک‌ماهه برداشت شد. تولید در داخل قطعه محصور و مجاور مورداندازه‌گیری و میزان مصرف هر گونه تعیین شد. داده‌های حاصل از تولید و مصرف گونه‌ها در ماه‌ها و سال‌های مورد‌بررسی در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی تجزیه و سپس تحلیل گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب نشان داد که تولید در سال‌ها و ماه‌های مختلف فصل رشد متفاوت بود (01/0P<). بیشترین مقدار تولید در سال 1388 و کمترین آن در سال 1387 ثبت شد. نسبت علوفه تولیدشده در سال نامساعد به سال مساعد 50 درصد بود، به‌عبارت‌دیگر تولید علوفه در سال 88 دو برابر سال 87 بود. این نسبت در گونه‌ها بین 13 تا 79 درصد بود. اوج تولید ماهانه مرتع در خردادماه بود و در بیشتر گونه‌ها نیز همین‌طور بود. میانگین تولید مرتع در بررسی چهارساله، حدود 650 کیلوگرم در هکتار و سهم سه گونه Festuca ovina، Bromus tomentellus و Tanacetum polycephalum به ترتیب 24، 20 و 11 درصد بود. بیشترین مقدار مصرف علوفه در ماه تیر و سپس در مردادماه اتفاق افتاد. در طول دوره چرا به‌طور متوسط حدود 71 درصد علوفه تولیدشده مرتع توسط دام استفاده شد. حداقل مصرف در گونه Phlomis olivieri (37 درصد) و حداکثر آن در گونه Silene ampullata (100 درصد) بود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Determination of production and consumption of range species in Badamestan rangelands of Zanjan province
نویسندگان [English]
- Farhad Aghajanlou 1
- Morteza Akbarzadeh 2
- ahmad mousavi 3
- Parviz Moradi 4
1 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Member of Scientific Board, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Rangelands capacity depends on several factors, including the amount of forage production. Forage production varies during the grazing period and different years. The goal of determining grazing capacity is to estimate the forage production within the grazing period. This project was carried out over a period of 4 years (2006-2010) to determine forage production and consumption at different stages of growth. For this purpose, at the beginning of grazing season, the amount of forage remaining after grazing until the exit time of livestock was harvested at one-month intervals. Forage production was measured within the enclosed and adjacent area, and the amount of consumption of each species was determined. The collected data were analyzed based on a completely randomized design. The combined analysis of variance showed that production was significantly different (P<0.01) in years and months of the growing season. The highest amount of production was recorded in 2009 and the lowest in 2008. The ratio of forage produced in unfavorable to favorable years was 50%. In other words, forage production in 2009 was double that of 2008. This ratio was 13% to 79% among species. The peak of monthly rangeland production was in June and was the same for most species. The average rangelands production at the four-year study was about 650 kg/ha, and the contribution of three species Festuca ovina, Bromus tomentellus, and Tanacetum polycephalum were 24%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. The highest forage consumption was recorded in July and then in August. On average, about 71% of forage production was consumed during the grazing season. The lowest and the highest forage consumption was observed for Phlomis olivier (37%) and Silene ampullata (100%), respectively.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Production
- consumption
- Badamestan
- phenological stages
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