نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش مرتع، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 محقق پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
گونه مرتعی علف بره (Festuca ovina) از گونههای مهم و خوشخوراک مرتعی در مراتع استان مازندران بوده و دارای دامنه پراکنش گسترده در مراتع کوهستانی میباشد که علاوه بر ارزش غذایی برای دام، نقش مهمی را در برنامههای اصلاح و احیای مراتع کوهستانی ایفا مینماید. با توجه به اهمیت این گونه، تعدادی از جمعیتهای گونه F. ovina که بذور آنها از مراتع مختلف استان جمعآوری شده بود، در سینیهای پلاستیکی مشبک کشت گردید و بعد ازسبز شدن و دوره کوتاه عملیات داشت، در اوایل بهار در عرصه ایستگاه تحقیقاتی پشت‌کوه در ارتفاعات جنوب شرق ساری روی دو خط به طول 20متر طوری کشت شدند که 40 پایه از هر اکسشن روی خط کشت قرار گرفتند. فاصله آنها روی ردیفهای کاشت 50/0 متر و فاصله خطوط از یکدیگر 1 متر در نظر گرفته شد. آزمایش در طی سالهای 1394-1390 صورت گرفت. در سال اول و دوم به منظور استقرار گیاه از صفات یادداشتبرداری انجام نشد. ارزیابی از بهار سال 1392شروع گردید. معیارهای ارزیابی برای انتخاب گیاه عبارت بودند از مراحل فنولوژی، ارتفاع گیاه در زمان ظهور خوشه، سطح پوشش تاجی، تولید علوفه و تولید بذر. مراحل مختلف فنولوژی شامل مرحله رویشی، گلدهی، تشکیل بذر و رشد مجدد پاییزه با مراجعه هفتگی از پایه هایی که بدین منظور پیکه کوبی شدهاند، یادداشت برداری شدند. دادههای بدست آمده در محیط SPSS16 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب دادههای مربوط به عملکرد فاکتورهای مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که اختلاف معنیداری در سطح 1 % بین شش جمعیت گونه مورد بررسی وجود دارد. بیشترین مقدار پوشش تاجی، ارتفاع بوته، درصد زندهمانی، تولید بذر و تولید علوفه مربوط به جمعیت مرتع سیاهسنگ و کمترین مقادیر فاکتورهای یاد شده مربوط به جمعیتهای مراتع کنگلو و دونا میباشد. بنابر این برای تولید و تقویت پوشش گیاهی علوفهای میتوان از بذور این جمعیت در مراتع کوهستانی مناطق مرکزی استان مازندران استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of yield and some characteristics of Festuca ovina populations in rainfed conditions in Mazandaran province
نویسندگان [English]
- Hasan Ghelichnia 1
- Hajar Nemati 2
1 Associate Prof, Forest and Rangeland Research Department. Mazandaran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO,Sari,Iran
2 Senior Research Expert, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
(Festuca ovina) is one of the most important and palatable rangeland species in the rangelands of Mazandaran province and has a wide range of distribution in mountain rangelands that, in addition to nutritional value for livestock, plays a role in the breeding and rehabilitation program of mountain rangelands. Due to the importance of this species, several populations of F. ovina species, whose seeds were collected from different rangelands of the province, were planted in plastic trays. After germination and a short period of operation, in early spring, in the area of Poshtkuh research station in the southeastern heights of Sari, they were planted on two 20-meter-long lines so that 40 bases of each accession were placed on the planting line. Their spacing on rows of 50 m and line spacing of 1 m were considered. The experiment was conducted during 2011-2015. The evaluation began in the spring of 2013. Evaluation criteria for plant selection were phenological stages, plant height at the time of cluster emergence, canopy level, forage production, and seed production. Various phenological stages, including vegetative stage, flowering, seed formation, and fall regrowth, were recorded with weekly reference from the bases that have been nailed for this purpose. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS16. The results of the combined analysis of variance of the data related to the performance of the evaluated factors showed that there is a significant difference at the level of (p≤0.01) between the six populations of the studied species. The highest amount of canopy cover, plant height, viability, seed production, and forage production is related to the population of Siahsang rangeland, and the lowest values of the mentioned factors are related to the populations of Kangeloo and Doona rangelands. Therefore, to produce and strengthen forage vegetation, the seeds of this population can be used in the mountain rangelands of the central regions of Mazandaran province.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Evaluation of perennial grasses
- forage production
- establishment
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