نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران
چکیده
گونها (Astragalus spp.) از جنبههای تولید علوفه، حفاظت خاک و غیره ارزشمند هستند. بهمنظور ارزیابی استقرار و رشد گونهای علفی، تعداد 10 اکسسشن متعلق به گونه‌هایAstragalus vegetus ،As. brevidens ،As. brachyodontus ، As. effususو As. cyclophyllus در سنندج در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی گردیدند. کاشت بذور در آبان 1397 و صفات درصد استقرار گیاه، شادابی عمومی، متوسط ارتفاع و قطر تاج بوته، تعداد شاخه در بوته، متوسط وزن تر و خشک بوته و نسبت وزن خشک به تر بوته در سالهای 1399 و 1400 اندازهگیری گردید. مطابق نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب، اثرات ژنوتیپ و سال برای تمام صفات و اثرمتقابل سال × ژنوتیپ هم باستثنای درصد استقرار و درجه شادابی برای سایر صفات در سطح یک درصد معنیدار بود. نتایج نشان داد که جوانهزنی بذر گون احتمالا بواسطه خواب بذر یا نوعی مکانیسم تحمل تنشهای محیطی تدریجی بود و در سال 1400 میانگین درصد استقرار گیاهان 37%، تعداد شاخه اولیه 3/7 عدد، ارتفاع و قطر تاج بهترتیب 2/35 و 9/35 سانتیمتر، وزن تازه و خشک بوته بهترتیب 2/68 و 1/39 گرم و نسبت وزن خشک به تر بوته 58/0 بود. در تجزیه به مولفههای اصلی(PCA)، دو مولفه اصلی PC1 وPC2 حدود 80% واریانس کل را توجیه و در بای پلات مربوطه ژنوتیپهای با مقادیر بالای شادابی، ارتفاع و قطر تاج و وزن گیاه و بنابراین عملکرد بالای علوفه بهطور عمده در ناحیه سوم با مقادیر PC1 منفی و مقادیر کوچک و غالبا مثبت PC2 قرار داشتند. در کل، مطابق نتایج مقایسه میانگینها و تجزیه PCA، اکسسشن As. effusus دره شهداء (آذر غربی) و سه اکسسشن گونه As. vegetus (زرشک قزوین، سارال کردستان و قره باغ آذر غربی) بهعنوان اکسسشنهای با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد علوفه بالا و سازگار برای احیای مراتع مخروبه استان کردستان و مناطق مشابه معرفی میگردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation and introduction of promising milkvetch (Astragalus spp.) populations in order to rehabilitate semi-steppe rangelands of Iran (Kurdistan province)
نویسندگان [English]
- Bayzid Yousefi 1
- Sedighe Zarekia 2
1 Associate professor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Forest & Rangeland Research Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]
Astragalus spp. are valuable in forage production, soil protection, etc. To evaluate the establishment and growth of herbaceous milkvetch, 10 genotypes, belonging to five species, including Astragalus vegetus. As.brevidens, As. brachyodontus, As. effusus and As. Cyclophyllus, were studied in Sanandaj in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed sowing was done in November 2018, and traits of plant establishment percentage, vigor, height and diameter of plant crown, number of branches per plant, average fresh and dry weight of the plant, and the ratio of dry to wet weight of the plant in 2019 and 2020 years was measured. According to the combined analysis of variance, the effects of genotype and year for all studied traits and the interaction of year × genotype were significant (p≤0.01) except for the percentage of establishment and the plant vigor for other traits. Results showed that seed germination, probably caused by seed dormancy or a stress tolerance mechanism, was gradual. In 2020, the mean of plant establishment was about 37%, the number of primary branches was 7.3, plant height and crown diameters were 35.2 and 35.9 cm, respectively, plant fresh and dry weight were 68.2 and 39.1g, and the dry to fresh weight ratio was 0.58. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that two main components (PC1 and PC2) determined 80% of total variance and genotypes with high forage yield located in the third zone of bi-plot with a negative value of PC1 and mainly positive for PC2. In addition, the accession of As. effusus (West Azerbaijan) and three accessions of As. vegetus (Qazvin, Kurdistan and West Azerbaijan) in terms of adaptation and forage production are introduced as high forage yield and adaptable ones for rehabilitation of rangelands in Kurdistan and similar areas in the country.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Astragalus spp
- plant establishment
- forage yield
- rangeland
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