نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
4 دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
چکیده
گونه Salsola laricina یکی از عناصر اصلی جوامع گیاهی مراتع استپی منطقه خشکه‌رود میباشد که حفاظت از آن در مقابل آشفتگی‌ها و فراهم نمودن شرایطی که بتواند توان بازآوری خود را بعد از چرا حفظ نماید، از ملزومات اساسی مدیریت مرتع در اینگونه عرصه‌ها است. از این‌رو در پژوهش حاضر، تغییرپذیری صفات ساختاری و عملکردی و ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و جوانه‌زنی بذر آن، تحت چرای حمایتی، آزمون شد. برای این منظور، با استقرار شبکه نمونه‌برداری در داخل و خارج قرق 10 ساله خشکه‌رود، از پوشش گیاهی آماربرداری و صفات ساختاری و عملکردی گونه Salsola laricina، نظیر؛ درصد پوشش تاجی، تراکم و مقدار تولید علوفه در عرصه، اندازه‌گیری گردید. سپس در هر یک از مکان‌ها و در فواصل مختلف دوره بذردهی؛ بذر پایه‌های شاداب و سالم، جمعآوری و ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و جوانه‌زنی بذر نظیر؛ وزن هزار دانه، درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه‌چه، ساقه‌چه، گیاهچه و نهایتا شاخص ویگور (بنیه بذر) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر صفات ساختاری و عملکردی، در داخل قرق، بیشتر از خارج قرق میباشد. در این ارتباط؛ درصد پوشش تاجی، تراکم و مقدار تولید گونه Salsola laricina، بهترتیب در داخل قرق نسبت به خارج قرق، 46/5 و 06/3 درصد، 21600 و 17000 پایه در هکتار و 4/161 و 7/112 کیلوگرم در هکتار میباشد. میانگین ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و جوانه‌زنی بذرهای جمعآوری شده از داخل قرق، نیز بیشتر از خارج قرق بود. بگونه‌ای که بیشترین شاخص بنیه بذر به‌‌عنوان مجموع برآیندی ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و جوانه زنی، در بذرهای مربوط به داخل و خارج قرق، بهترتیب 88/389 و 37/210 میباشد. افزایش مقادیر مذکور، در داخل قرق نسبت به خارج قرق؛ بیانگر تاثیر چرای حمایتی بر بهبود صفات ساختاری و عملکردی و ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی و جوانه‌زنی بذر گونه‌‌های مرتعی، در اکوسیستم‌های آسیب‌‌پذیر مناطق خشک میباشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of Structural and Functional Characteristics and Morphological and Seed Germination Characteristics of Salsola laricina under Supportive Grazing in Rrangelands of Khoshkeh Roud, Saveh
نویسندگان [English]
- Amir Ghorbankhani 1
- Hossein Arzani 2
- Ali Tavili 3
- Javad Motamedi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduated Student of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Salsola laricina is one of the main elements of vegetation communities in the steppe rangelands of the dryland region, which protects it from disturbances and provides conditions that can preserve its ability to rehabilitate after chest, is one of the basic requirements of rangeland management in such fields. Therefore, in the present study, the variability of structural and functional traits and morphological characteristics and seed germination were tested under supportive grazing. For this purpose, by establishing a sampling system inside and outside of the 10 year old Khoshkerood detention, the vegetation cover and structural and functional traits of Salsola laricina species, such as crown cover, density and forage production in the field were measured. Seed of healthy and healthy rootstocks, morphological characteristics and seed germination, such as; 1000 seed weight, germination percentage, germination rate, root length, stem, seedling, and finally vigor index (straw) Seed) was measured in laboratory conditions. The results showed that the values of structural and functional traits, inside the enclosure, are more than outside the enclosure. In this regard, the percentage of crown cover, density, and amount of production of Salsola laricina species were respectively in the enclosure relative to the outcrop, 5.46 and 3.6%, 21600 and 17000 bases per hectare and 161.4 and 12.71 kg respectively hectare. The average of morphological and germination characteristics of the seeds collected from the intruder was also greater than the outside grazing. So that the highest index of seed vigor as a sum of outcomes of morphological and germinating properties in inoculated and outcroped seeds is 389.88 and 1037.37, respectively. The increase of these values in the enclosure relative to the outcrop; indicates the effect of supportive grazing on the improvement of structural and functional characteristics and the morphological and seed germination characteristics of rangeland species in vulnerable ecosystems in arid areas.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Structural traits
- Functional traits
- Seed germination
- Rangeland management
- Aridlands
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