نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
2 دانشیار گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده نمنابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
3 استاد گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
4 دانشیار گروه جنگل، دانشکده نمنابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران.
5 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات بیابان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
اگرچه در خصوص اثر آلودگی بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گیاهان دارویی که به صورت زراعی کاشت میشوند مطالعات متعددی صورت گرفته، اما این مهم در ارتباط با گونه های مرتعی، علیرغم اهمیت آنها در زمینه ایجاد تنوع معیشتی برای بهرهبردران مرتعی، بسیار محدود بوده است. در همین راستا تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر فلز سنگین کادمیم بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی شیرین بیان، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با تیمار کادمیم در 6 غلظت (صفر، 10، 20، 40، 80 و 160 (ppm)) و 4 تکرار به صورت کشت گلدانی (مجموعاً 24 گلدان) اجرا گردید. پس از تهیه بستر کاشت و اسپری نمودن محلول نمک نیترات کادمیم با غلظت‌های فوق الذکر به خاک، ریزوم‌های شیرینبیان داخل گلدان‌ها کشت و به مدت 7 ماه در گلخانه تحت مراقبت و آبیاری قرار گرفتند. در نهایت نمونه‌های گیاهی (در دو بخش اندام‌های هوایی وزیرزمینی) تهیهشده، جهت اندازه‌گیری خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. متغییرهای اندازه‌گیری در اندام زیرزمینی شامل میزان گلیسیریزیک اسید، گلابریدین، لیکوریتجنین و در اندام هوایی فلاونوئیدهای روتین و کتچین بود. عصاره‌گیری با روش اولتراسونیک و اندازه‌گیری با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) انجام گرفت. نتایج مقایسه میانگین کادمیم در غلظت‌های تحت بررسی نشان داد افزایش غلظت این عنصر درخاک اثر معنی‌داری بر میزان گلیسریزیک اسید، گلابریدین و لیکوریتجنین در اندام زیرزمینی و فلاونوئیدهای روتین و کتچین در اندام هوایی گیاه شیرینبیان داشته است. در همین راستا بیشترین تاثیر افزایشی را گلیسریزیک اسید و لیکوریتجنین در غلظت 10 (ppm)، به ترتیب با 12/70 و 44/56 درصد و گلابریدین در غلظت 20 (ppm) با 70/51 درصد نسبت به شاهد نشان داده است. نتایج همچنین نشان داد میزان مواد موثره در اندام زیرزمینی گیاه شیرین بیان تحت تیمار کادمیم در ابتدا افزایش یافته و در ادامه با بالا رفتن غلظت کادمیم کاهش داشته‌است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Inestigation of Effect of Cadmium on Phytochemical Properties of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
نویسندگان [English]
- Firoozeh Moghiminejad 1
- Ali Tavili 2
- Mohammad Jafari 3
- Mohsen Shirvany 4
- Yaser Ghasemi Aryan 5
1 PhD student, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran.
3 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
5 5- Assistant Professor, Desert Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The increasing popularity and trade of medicinal plants on the one hand, and the expansion of polluting water, soil and air resources on the other hand, have made the health, safety and quality of medicinal plants raw materials and their processed products a major concern of world organizations. Become more and more diverse and implement various research projects in this field. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium heavy metal on the phytochemical properties of licorice in a completely randomized design with cadmium treatment at 6 concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 (ppm)) and 4 replications. Potted cultivation (24 pots in total) was performed. After planting substrate and spraying cadmium heavy metal nitrate with above mentioned concentrations, licorice rhizomes were cultured in pots and kept in greenhouse for 7 months. Finally, dried and powdered plant samples (in two sections of aerial parts) were transferred to laboratory for measurement of phytochemical properties. The measured variables in the underground organs were glycyrrhizic acid, glabridine, liquoritin and in the aerial parts of routine and catechin flavonoids. Extraction was performed by ultrasonic and solvent methods. The best solvent for extraction of active substances in aerial and ground organs was determined after ethanol: water (70:30) tests and the measurements were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Comparison of mean cadmium concentrations in the studied concentrations showed that increasing the concentration of this element in soil had a significant effect on glycerolic acid, glabridine and liquoritin levels in groundwater and routine flavonoids and catechins in aerial parts of licorice. In this regard, glyceric acid and liquoritin were the most additive effects at concentration of 10 (ppm), 70.12 and 56.44%, and glabridine at concentration of 20 (ppm) at 51.70%, respectively. It also showed that the amount of active substances in licorice underground increased initially with cadmium treatment and then decreased with increasing concentration of heavy metal.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Heavy metal
- Cadmium
- macronutrients
- licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
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