نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت مرتع، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی آب و خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران، ایران
4 اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان
چکیده
خدمات متنوعی که به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از محیط طبیعی بهدست می‌آید، به عنوان خدمات زیستبوم مطرح می‌شوند. منظور از این خدمات، برقراری ارتباط با رفاه انسانی در چهار طبقه خدمات فراهم‌سازی، حمایتی، تنظیمی و فرهنگی است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش اکوسیستم مرتعی حوزه آبخیز اترک از منظر پتانسیل نگه‌داشت رسوب براساس کارکرد کاهش میزان ازدست رفتن اراضی و حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک با استفاده از بسته نرم افزاری نگهداری رسوب در مدل InVEST انجام شد. این مدل برای محاسبه کنترل فرسایش، از معادله جهانی ویراست شده هدر رفت خاک (RUSLE) استفاده می کند و میزان نگهداری رسوب بر اساس نسبت توان حمل رسوب تخمین زده می‌شود. بر این اساس، اطلاعات ورودی مورد نیاز مدل شامل جدول زیست فیزیکی و نقشه‌های مدل رقومی ارتفاع، فرسایندگی باران، فرسایش‌پذیری خاک، پوشش گیاهی و کاربری اراضی با نرم‌افزار ArcGIS 10.4 تهیه و در قالب نقشه‌های رستری به مدل وارد شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در بین کاربری‌های مورد مطالعه، جنگل با 1418 تن بر کیلومترمربع و مراتع خوب با میزان 1217 تن بر کیلومترمربع، بیشترین میزان پتانسیل نگه‌داشت رسوب را داشتند و کم‌ترین مقدار مربوط به زمین‌های بایر، مناطق مسکونی و مراتع فقیر با میزان 52 تا 119 تن بر کیلومترمربع بود. از نظر صحت سنجی مکان‌یابی، نتایج این مدل با نقاط کنترل در حوزه آبخیز اترک مقایسه شد که نشان داد، بیشترین میزان حفظ نگه‌داشت رسوب در شرق و جنوب شرقی بوده است. همچنین در مرکز و غرب حوزه، عواملی مانند کاهش پوشش گیاهی و نوع خاک در تشدید فرسایش این حوضه نقش داشته‌اند. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می‌تواند در برنامه‌های آمایش سرزمین و تصمیم‌گیری مناسب برای مدیریت مراتع مفید باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Assessment of Rangeland Ecosystem Services in sediment retention via InVEST Model (Atrak Watershed, Golestan Province)
نویسندگان [English]
- Masoud Barzali 1
- Mojgansadat Azimi 2
- Mohammad Abdolhosseini 3
- Abdolrahim Lotfi 4
1 Faculty of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 َAssociate Professor, Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences And Natural Resources, Iarn
3 Department of Water Engineering, Facutly of Water and Soil Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Golestan Province Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management
چکیده [English]
The various services that we obtain directly and indirectly from the natural environment are referred to as ecosystem services. The purpose of these services is to communicate with human welfare in four categories of services: provision, support, regulation and culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the supply of soil conservation services at different land uses and also to compare their amount. InVEST model was used for this research. To calculate soil retention, this model estimates soil erosion potential using the Modified Soil Erosion Equation (RUSLE) and sediment retention rate based on sediment delivery ratio. Therefore, the required input information of the model including biophysical table and maps of digital elevation model, rain erosion, soil erodibility, vegetation and land use were prepared with the help of ArcGIS 10.4 software and entered into the model in the form of raster maps. The results of this study showed that among different land uses, forests and rangeland with good and average condition had the highest soil conservation and the lowest amount was related to barren lands, residential areas and poor pastures. The results also showed that the highest rate of soil conservation occurs in the east and southeast and upstream of the basin and factors such as reduced vegetation and soil type have contributed to the intensification of erosion in this area. The results of this research can be useful in land management programs and appropriate decision making for rangeland management.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Vegetation
- land use
- sediment retention
- Simulation
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