شناسایی مناطق برداشت رسوب در کانون فرسایش بادی غرب استان تهران (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان ملارد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای بیابان‌زدایی، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

10.22092/ijrdr.2022.127219

چکیده

     فرسایش بادی و توفان‌های گردوغبار یکی از بلایای طبیعی است که مناطق خشک و بیابانی ایران مرکزی به صورت روزافزون با آن مواجه است. همچنین مدیریت نادرست در عرصه منابع طبیعی نیز بر افزایش این پدیده تأثیر زیادی داشته است. یکی از اصول اولیه کنترل و مبارزه با فرسایش بادی، شناخت مناطق برداشت رسوبات است. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی مناطق برداشت رسوبات بادی، در رخساره‌های منطقه ملارد در غرب استان تهران است. براساس نقشه‌های توپوگرافی، تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، نقشه زمین‌شناسی و همچنین بازدیدهای میدانی نقشه رخساره ژئومورفولوژیکی منطقه تهیه گردید، سپس نمونه‌برداری انجام شد و نهایتاً در محیط GIS مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت. تفسیر داده‌های بادسنجی با استفاده از بررسی گلباد و گل‌توفان نشان داد که جهت باد غالب و فرساینده از سمت شمال‌غربی است. نتایج حاصل از گلماسه ایستگاه‌های منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان‌دهنده این است که تغییرپذیری جهت باد شامل کم تا زیاد است و ایستگاه قزوین (نزدیک‌ترین ایستگاه به کانون‌های بحرانی) دارای شدت تغییرپذیری زیاد و شامل بادهای چند جهته مرکب با زاویه تند بوده است. 83 نمونه از رخساره‌های مختلف منطقه مورد مطالعه به روش ASTM (الک خشک) دانه‌بندی شده است. نتایج دانه‌بندی بیانگر محلی بودن منشأ برداشت است. نقشه اولویت‌بندی کانون‌های بحرانی منطقه نشان داد که 4/16 درصد از مساحت منطقه جزء شدت کم، 4/3 درصد شدت متوسط و 3 درصد شدت زیاد را به خود اختصاص داده است. در نهایت مشخص شد که دق رسی شور و فاقد پوشش گیاهی یا با پوشش گیاهی اندک شورپسندها در دشت‌سر پوشیده، بیشترین درصد ذرات حساس به فرسایش بادی را دربر گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of sediment harvesting areas in west wind erosion center of Tehran Province (Case Study: Malard County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahin Hanifapour 1
  • Gholamreza Zehtabian 2
  • Hasan Ahmadi 2
  • Aliakbar Nazari Samani 3
  • Hassan Khosravi 3
1 Ph.D. in Combating Desertification, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

      Wind erosion and dust storms are one of the natural disasters that are increasingly facing the arid and desert areas of central Iran. Improper management in natural resources has also had a high impact on this phenomenon. One of the basic principles of controlling and combating wind erosion is to know the areas of sediment harvesting. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas of wind sediment harvesting in the facies of the Mallard region in the west of Tehran province. Based on topographic maps, satellite imagery, geological map, and field surveys, the geomorphologic facies map was prepared and then the sampling was done and analyzed in a GIS environment. The interpretation of the anemometer data using Windrose & Stormrose showed the wind direction of the dominant and eroding from the northwest. The results obtained from the study's Sandrose indicated that variation in wind direction is low to high, and Qazvin station (the station closest to the critical centers) had high variability and included multi-directional winds with sharp angles. The 83 samples of different facies of the study area are graded by the ASTM (Dry Sieve) method. The granulation results indicate the local origin of the harvest. The prioritization map of the critical centers of the region showed that 16.4% of the area is low intensity, 3.4% medium intensity, and 3% high intensity. Finally, it was found that saline clay with no vegetation cover or with little vegetation covered with saline in the plain had the highest percentage of particles sensitive to wind erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wind erosion
  • harvest areas
  • grading
  • Malard
  • critical point

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تحقیقات مرتع و بیابان ایران
دوره 29، شماره 2
مرداد 1401
صفحه 186-195

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